Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Passing ethics courses is one of the requirements to graduate and apply for government projects in Taiwan. This will save you time on this course. Have fun Vượt qua các khóa học đạo đức là một trong những yêu cầu để tốt nghiệp và nộp đơn cho các dự án của chính phủ ở Đài Loan. Tài liệu này sẽ giúp bạn tiết kiệm thời gian cho khóa học này. Chúc vui vẻ
Note: only for foreign students PLEASE SELECT THESE COURSES (18 COURSES~6 HOURS): 0101_Introduction to Research Ethics: Definition and Content} 0102_Professional Norms and Personal Responsibility in Research Ethics} 0103_Government Regulations and Policies in Research Ethics} 0104_Research Misconduct: Definition and Types} 0105_Research Misconduct: Fabrication and Falsification} 0106_Research Misconduct: Plagiarism} 0107_Research Misconduct: Self-Plagiarism} 0108_Academic Writing Skills: Quoting} 0109_Academic Writing Skills: Paraphrasing and Summarizing} 0112_Basic Concepts of Copyright} 0110_Academic Writing Skills: Referencing} 0113_Basic Concepts of the Personal Information Protection Act} 0114_Basic Concepts of Privacy} 0115_Principles and Practice of Human Subject Protection} 0111_Definition and Principles of Authorship} 0207_The Scientist as a Responsible Member of Society} 0116_An Overview of Research Data Management} 0201_Conflict of Interest in Research} SOLUTIONS (Ctrl+F and paste words to find answer): Which of the following is not the researcher’s responsibility when conducting animal-based experiments? (3)Maximize interest and knowledge and avoid the use of medicament Which of the following persons violated privacy rights? (4)None of the above behaviors were appropriate and all of them violated privacy rights Research misconduct is defined as “fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism (FFP) when presenting, executing, or reviewing a research project or reporting research results.” Which unit proposed this definition? (2)Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Falsification (also known as fiddling) refers to the manipulation of research data, equipment, or processes or changes in or deletion of real data, images, and results Which of the following reflects the act of falsification? (2)Hua hid research results that were not ideal or contradicting and deliberately made the results consistent with his predictions Chang, a researcher at a medical institution, is accused of the improper treatment of patients in a persistent vegetative state who Chang involved in brain wave research and is severely punished Which principle in the Belmont Report is the improper treatment of the vulnerable against? (1)Respect for persons Authors are entitled to which rights without having to register with the Intellectual Property Office? (1)Patent rights (2)Copyrights Which of the following is not the main reference for ethical professional norms when conducting research? (4)Content of public speeches delivered by scholars Xiang is a research student at a university; when writing her graduate thesis, she wants to quote the following four types of information Which type of information may not conform with proper citation requirements stipulated by copyright laws? (3)A photographer’s complete collection of East Taiwan photography not yet released to the public Guang is writing a literature review for a conference in which he will compile a dozen articles and analyze them What academic writing skill should he use to achieve this goal? (3)Paraphrasing and indicating the source Xiao-lin, an international student in Taiwan, is facing pressure to meet the publication requirements for graduation It suddenly occurs to him that he has published an English article abroad, so he directly translates the article into Chinese and submits it to a Chinese journal without specifying that the article is a translation Which code of academic ethics announced by the Ministry of Education is this against? (1)Use of translated works and theoretical works without providing appropriate specifications David is a graduate student One of his essays was published in a well-known scholarly journal However, Caesar, who is one year David’s senior, accuses him of plagiarism In accordance with the Copyright Act, what measures should Caesar take in order to prove that his copyright was infringed? A He is older than David, so he can prove the infringement simply by producing his own work B He needs to prove that David had access to (the ability to read, reference, or download) his work C His copyright took effect at the completion of his work, so he can simply file a claim to prove the infringement D He needs to produce his work and identify the similarities between David’s essay and his own (2)BD For research purposes, Hsiao-pao collected articles on parenting shared by netizens for a thesis related to online parenting Which of the following statements is correct? (3)Capturing pictures and videos outside the window of a netizen’s house to observe real-life childcare in their home may infringe on spatial privacy Xiao-wen and her advising professor are co-publishing a journal article Although Wen’s boyfriend has no idea what the article is about, he asks Wen to list him as an author, and states that she can make the decision without consulting her advisor Is Wen’s boyfriend eligible to be listed as an author of the article? (4)No, because he did not make actual contributions to the article Joe is learning the various writing techniques for his master’s thesis Please choose the option in which the skill he uses matches the description (4)Joe uses three short sentences in his own article to recap the main ideas of one of Flora’s published papers → summarizing and indicating the source Which of the following statements does not describe the background and connotation of the Belmont Report? (4)Even researchers outside medical fields can gain insight into the nature and methods of protecting subjects in the Belmont Report Which of the following statements accurately describes the value of the Belmont Report? (1)It lays down the ethical principles and standards for the US government formulating policies for human trials, as well as necessary literature for countries around the world to consult when enacting such regulations Which of the following are types of privacy that are recognized by the Constitutional Court? (A) Information privacy, such as personal data; (B) Spatial privacy, such as private homes; (C) Privacy of correspondence, such as the content of a private phone call between two parties; (D) Media privacy, such as television programs that an individual watches; (E) Life privacy, such as intimate actions in private life (2)ABCE Which of the following statements about avoiding self-plagiarism is incorrect? (2)Authors may purchase plagiarism detection services provided by academic ghostwriting companies and request them to help detect and modify parts that are too similar to previously published papers (4)Authors may inform readers of previously published content to prevent biased evaluation of the innovation of the present study Which of the following is a correct description of scientific research? (1)The purpose of scientific research includes discovering new knowledge, explaining phenomena, and finding new evidence to improve theories Plagiarism can be divided into plagiarism of ideas and plagiarism of words Which of the following is incorrect? (3)Plagiarism of words: I imitated the research project structure and research topics of the thesis of a former student (4)Plagiarism of words: I copied the programming work of a peer, modified the variable names, and submitted the work Which of the following options is the least likely reason for a student to decide to plagiarize others’ homework? (1)The student cannot adjust to the instruction style of a certain course Professor Chang discussed the topic of academic ethics with his freshmen in his course on “Research Methods in Pedagogy.” Many students expressed their viewpoints Which two of the following statements are correct? Hsiao-Chi: The spirit of academic ethics includes fairness, honesty, and accountability We should conduct research with these ethics in mind in to earn the trust of the public in the research results, as well as contribute to the long-term development of scientific research Hsiao-Lun: Academic ethics is a code of conduct for professional researchers Since graduate students are still learning, we can decide whether to follow them or not There is no mandatory requirement for us Fei Fei: The term “research” in the “Human Subjects Research Act” is limited to high-risk human medical research, such as injection of experimental drugs and clinical trials The law does not apply to other research types Ti Ti: According to the provisions defined in the Personal Information Protection Act in Taiwan, researchers must acquire participants’ consent prior to collecting, processing, and using their personal data Hsiao-Ming: The Copyright Act protects the copyrights of verbal and textual works in academic research (such as dissertations, seminars, and journal articles) However, it has not been extended to cover other types of academic achievements, such as computer programs, drama creations, and industrially designed products (3)Hsiao-Chi and Ti Ti What are the advantages of quoting in one’s own work? (A) It can assist in explaining the research results of studies; (B) It allows readers to identify the complete bibliography in the reference list of an article; (C) It can copy a large amount of work by others, without limit; (D) It can emphasize that texts or arguments are those of others and thus avoid plagiarism (3)ABD Which of the following statements about conflicts of interest is true? (2)Conflicts of interest in the research community may lead to the general public questioning the objectivity of researchers and research institutions (3)An institutional conflict of interest arises when a researcher’s professional judgment regarding the primary interests of a research is influenced by secondary interests such as fame and commercial benefits (4)A conflict of interest may arise if an IRB committee member collaborated with the applicant under review several years previously In order to effectively manage conflicts of interest, researchers must acknowledge the fact that they are susceptible to secondary interests, and that these interests can undermine the credibility of their research and destroy the trust of the general public Researchers may submit their research to an REC or IRB for review and approval to minimize interference from secondary interests Alternatively, through full disclosure of potential secondary interests, their negative impact on the primary interests may be mitigated or prevented altogether The principles for managing conflicts of interest include a) disclosure, b) review and authorization, and c) prohibition Which of the following descriptions of these basic principles is FALSE? (1)Disclosure means communicating the purpose and potential risks of a research to participants Which of the following materials require quoting? (A) To use the original text of a verse in classic literature; (B) To present an interviewee’s speech word for word; (C)To copy the interview content of a journalist; (D) To present key statements of a political figure at a press conference word for word (4)ABCD Which of the following is an act of fabrication? (1)An immunology expert asked 10 subjects to be tested for a vaccine response; but, as many as 100 subjects were listed in the research report (3)Xiao Ming divided the collected samples into two analyses and then, wrote two papers and submitted them to different journals (4)Xiao Ming used post-production to emphasize and increase the sharpness of the edges of the research images In addition to protecting personal data, the Personal Data Protection Act emphasizes the legitimate and reasonable collection, processing, and use of personal data Which of the following forms of personal data collection is inappropriate and may violate the Act? (3)Requiring research participants to provide medical records, genetic information, and health examination reports to ensure research consistency Which of the following basic principles of the so-called “responsible conduct of research” is incorrect? (3)Efficiency: select research subjects who/that can offer maximum data during collection Which of the following violate Personal Data Protect Act regulations on collecting personal data? (3)Schools, when requesting that overseas students studying in Taiwan provide their personal data on their student information card, not need to notify the students on the relevant provisions in accordance with the Personal Data Protect Act Which of the following statements about the Copyright Act is FALSE? (1)The prerequisite for copyright protection is originality Works of minimal creativity are not protected by the Copyright Act (2)Copyrights take effect when a work is completed, so ideas in one’s mind are not protected under the Copyright Act When A-su, an engineer in a company, was working on systems development, he discovered flaws in the login interface of a company-related website The personal data of users may be stolen during login He then suggested that concerned units solve the problem Which of the following code of ethics proposed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) did A-su’s approach comply with? (4)Members of a research team should make decisions that take responsibility for maintaining the public’s welfare and safety and immediately notify concerned units when harmful factors are identified Which of the following is not personal data, as defined in Article 2, Item of the Personal Data Protection Act? (3)College entrance examination rules Which of the following acts of using the works of others is most likely to infringe on the privacy of others? (2)To study mobile phone use and addiction among female college students, Hua hua secretly filmed the daily routines of roommates in her dormitory, but she promised herself that the video would not leak out Which of the following circumstances may have infringed upon the research participants’ right to privacy? (3)After the publication of the thesis, all recordings of the research participants may be directly released to the public Which of the following statements on plagiarism and self-plagiarism is true? (1)If a writer copies from his own published work word-for-word without proper citation, he is guilty of self-plagiarism regardless of whether he holds the rights to the copied material (2)Plagiarism is an act of deception, but self-plagiarism is an act of theft (4)Publications with self-plagiarized content still have academic value, so such behavior is generally accepted by academia Which of the following acts of using the works of others is most likely to infringe on the privacy of others? (2)To study mobile phone use and addiction among female college students, Hua hua secretly filmed the daily routines of roommates in her dormitory, but she promised herself that the video would not leak out Which of the following citations is a legally proper citation of other people’s work within the scope of reason? (3)Teachers using other people’s works in class for teaching purposes and cites the source Which of the following is something that you as an academic writer should to achieve effective paraphrasing? (2)Read the passage thoroughly and take note of the main ideas and the author’s viewpoints Then, rephrase the passage in a neutral tone Which of the following statements about privacy is incorrect? (1)Privacy is respecting the right to individual autonomy and is a basic human right guaranteed by the constitution (2)Privacy is the same as the right to privacy, with a high degree of personal subjectivity, and the law protects personal privacy (4)Even if for academic research purposes, researchers are not allowed to violate the privacy or disclose the private information of others without prior authorization Which of the following examples regarding the application of the subject protection principle in the Belmont Report is correct? (4)All of the above In addition to protecting personal data, the Personal Data Protection Act emphasizes the legitimate and reasonable collection, processing, and use of personal data Which of the following forms of personal data collection is inappropriate and may violate the Act? (3)Requiring research participants to provide medical records, genetic information, and health examination reports to ensure research consistency Guang is writing a literature review for a conference in which he will compile a dozen articles and analyze them What academic writing skill should he use to achieve this goal? (3)Paraphrasing and indicating the source A research institution recently obtained considerable funding from a major manufacturer to develop a gambling abstention electronic device that promotes behavioral change However, although accidents with electric shock injuries repeatedly occur, the institution insists that the device is absolutely safe and refuses to disclose further details to the public Which type of conflict of interest is this? (2)Conflict of interest at the institutional review board (3)Conflict of interest in scientific beliefs (4)Institutional conflict of interest Xiao-lin, an international student in Taiwan, is facing pressure to meet the publication requirements for graduation It suddenly occurs to him that he has published an English article abroad, so he directly translates the article into Chinese and submits it to a Chinese journal without specifying that the article is a translation Which code of academic ethics announced by the Ministry of Education is this against? (1)Use of translated works and theoretical works without providing appropriate specifications Which of the following statements about conflicts of interest is FALSE? (3)“Secondary interests” refers specifically to financial gains Falsification (also known as fiddling) refers to the manipulation of research data, equipment, or processes or changes in or deletion of real data, images, and results Which of the following reflects the act of falsification? (2)Hua hid research results that were not ideal or contradicting and deliberately made the results consistent with his predictions It is necessary to confirm that the citing behavior is legitimate and reasonable when citing the works of others Which factor is least crucial to consider? (3)The cited works must be marketable Which of the following statements about author accountability in academic writing and publishing is FALSE? (2)Founders of a research lab should always be listed as co-authors as they ensure the smooth operation of the research despite having little direct input into the actual research Which of the following statements about plagiarism is true? (2)Traditionally, plagiarism is defined as “copying another person’s ideas, words, or work and pretending that they are your own.” Da-yeh, a graduate student, has written many articles Much of the content in the noncore sections, such as the introduction and research methods, is similar Therefore, he copies the content and directly pastes it into new articles Which research misconduct is Da-yeh involved in? (1)Self-plagiarism The submission rules set by academic research journals or publishers can be divided into two types: writing specifications and submission rules Which of the following related statements is incorrect? (1)The writing format used in the field of research should be clearly understood and followed For example, research including animal experiments mainly follows the APA format and electrical engineering information papers mainly follow the IEEE format Which of the following is not the researcher’s responsibility when conducting animal-based experiments? (3)Maximize interest and knowledge and avoid the use of medicament Which of the following is personal data that under Article 6, Item of the Personal Data Protection Act, may not be collected, processed or used? (1)Criminal history Dr Fang is studying the correlation between sole size and penile length However, he included the actual names of participants and unmodified photos of their genitals in a presentation at a seminar Which of the following codes of academic ethics did Dr Fang violate? (3)The researcher’s responsibility to protect participant privacy Which three of the following statements about quoting are true? A Quoting is the best way to reflect the original intention of the cited author B Quotation marks are used to indicate other people’s words and distinguish them from the author’s own ideas C In-text quotations must be matched with end-of-text references that indicate the source D In-text quotations are used to preserve the original intention of the cited author, so end-of-text citations are redundant (1)ABC To apply for funds from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Prof Wen, a newly promoted assistant professor, puts effort into submitting articles However, he frets that he does not have enough publications to be granted funding, and he lists nonexistent publications on his application form Which research misconduct is Prof Wen involved in? (2)Fabrication Jade brought her cellphone to school However, as the school has a rule against students carrying cellphones, Jade’s phone was confiscated by the teacher The For research purposes, Hsiao-pao collected articles on parenting shared by netizens for a thesis related to online parenting Which of the following statements is correct? (3)Capturing pictures and videos outside the window of a netizen’s house to observe real-life childcare in their home may infringe on spatial privacy Which of the following is not personal data, as defined in Article 2, Item of the Personal Data Protection Act? (3)College entrance examination rules Which of the following statements accurately describes the value of the Belmont Report? (1)It lays down the ethical principles and standards for the US government formulating policies for human trials, as well as necessary literature for countries around the world to consult when enacting such regulations Authors are entitled to which rights without having to register with the Intellectual Property Office? (1)Patent rights (2)Copyrights The criminal code has many provisions on the right to privacy; which of the following pairings are correct? A Opening or hiding sealed letters or other sealed documents belong to another without reason or looks into the content through other means—Offenses against document secrets B Using instruments or equipment to eavesdrop on other people’s nonpublic activities, speeches, or talks, such as using listening devices to eavesdrop on other people’s conversations that they not want disclosed publicly—Offense of peeping and eavesdropping C Disclosing secrets of another without reason that one knows or possesses because of one’s occupation—Offense of disclosing commercial secrets obtained by occupation D Disclosing information or privacy of another person without reason that one possesses because of one’s occupation (such as medical doctor, pharmacist, lawyer, or mental therapist)—Offense of disclosing the secrets of another obtained due to occupation E Disclosing without reason the secrets of another which one knows or possesses through the use of a computer or other relating equipment –Offense of disclosing secrets of others obtained by use of a computer (3)A, B, D, and E Based on the principle of Beneficence laid out in the Belmont Report, researchers should immediately consider suspending the research in which of the following situations? (2)In the process of a human experiment, the researchers found the test subjects were at risk for serious injuries outside their expectations The American Psychological Association, known for defining writing formats for academic research papers, has established the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct The principles specify ethical guidelines that psychologists must follow during research and teaching Which of the following is not a principle? (3)Conduct academic research that benefits the society Which of the following statements about avoiding self-plagiarism is incorrect? (2)Authors may purchase plagiarism detection services provided by academic ghostwriting companies and request them to help detect and modify parts that are too similar to previously published papers (4)Authors may inform readers of previously published content to prevent biased evaluation of the innovation of the present study Which of the following statements about the Copyright Act is FALSE? (1)The prerequisite for copyright protection is originality Works of minimal creativity are not protected by the Copyright Act (2)Copyrights take effect when a work is completed, so ideas in one’s mind are not protected under the Copyright Act A research team is conducting a questionnaire survey for students in grades 4–9 Since a questionnaire is not a human experiment, the research team will conduct the research immediately after briefing the subjects so that the research proceeds smoothly What research ethics is the team possibly violating? (2)The team did not violate the explicit notification obligation but violated the informed consent principle According to Article of the Personal Data Protection Act, which of the following is not a right that can be exercised by the data subject? (1)Request to delete the information (4)Request to disseminate the information Which of the following statements about quoting secondary sources is incorrect? (1)If the original work is out of print or is undefined, one must not use it as a secondary source in the thesis (4)All of the above are incorrect According to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), which of the following definitions of authorship is INCORRECT? (3)The ranking of the listed authors must be made by a unanimous decision of all of the individuals involved Ta-tung is writing a final assignment The lecturer requires students to summarize the works of others Which of the following points about summarizing are correct? (A) Reduce the length of long paragraphs, and the summary is shorter than the original; (B) Retain the original author’s viewpoint, and the length after summarizing is similar to that of the original text; (C) Avoid excessive repetition of original sentences, and the rewritten text must be precisely worded; (D) Summarizing simplifies information; (E) Summarizing changes information (2)ACD Regarding inappropriate definitions and claims of authorship, which of the following statements is correct? (3)The responsibilities of the first or corresponding author are ensuring the quality of the paper, checking for negligence in writing, communicating with the journal editor, responding to readers’ questions, and saving information for others to review Xiao-fu, a researcher, is conducting a study that requires in-depth interviews He is accused by the participants of asking many questions that are obviously unrelated to the research and adding activities that they did not know of in advance Which of the following academic ethics principles is such conduct against? (1)The researcher’s obligation to inform (3)The researcher’s responsibility to protect participant privacy (4)The principle of equal treatment Which of the following basic principles of the so-called “responsible conduct of research” is incorrect? (3)Efficiency: select research subjects who/that can offer maximum data during collection Which of the following statements about scientific research is correct? (1)Nowadays, scientific researchers enjoy special rights that exempt them from national taxes and all manual labor (2)Scientific research is a paid professional job (3)The organizing of research societies is led by the government because scientific researchers are given special rights, including being exempted from administrative work Hua-hua is currently writing a thesis, and she often needs to cite the works of others Which of the following requirements should she consider to avoid infringing the copyright of others? (A) Actions with legitimate purposes, such as research; (B) the works of others must be clearly quoted; (C) The scope of reasonable use must be considered in accordance with the materials cited; (D) The cited work must be published; (E) The cited work must not be published so as not to infringe upon the economic rights of the author (1)ABC (3)ABCD (4)ABCE In accordance with copyright laws, quoting other people’s works must comply with behavior for legitimate purposes; if one were to argue for reasonable use, which of the following purposes would be difficult to justify? (a) Advertisement copywriting on Taiwanese dairy vendors’ websites were quoted to analyze the vendors’ marketing strategy, (b) An English graduation performance that charged admissions used the theme song from a cinematic movie, (c) An education strategy designed to prevent campus bullying cited and used excerpts from overseas journals and papers, and (d) overseas information on how to plant and sell marijuana in a paper exploring the legality of marijuana (2)B and D (3)A and C (4)A, B, C, and D Prof Peng is conducting educational action research with elementary, primarygrade students She worries that the children cannot understand the related matters of the research project, so she asks for their parents’ assistance She also provides a Chinese phonetic version of the research proposal and simplifies the language to match the proposal with children’s reading level Which element of informed consent is this? (1)Disclosure of information (2)Comprehension of information (4)Fairness Xiao-cha is about to graduate However, he frets that he cannot meet the graduation threshold for journal publication To ensure his article is published by the deadline, he submits the same article to several journals but does not inform the reviewers of this Which research misconduct is Cha involved in? @(1)Duplicate publication Which of the following works may be protected under the Copyright Act? A An original song composed by a musicology major B Laws and regulations such as the Constitution, Copyright Act, Personal Data Protection Act, etc C Mother’s oral recipe for sweet and sour spare ribs D A painting by a third-grader submitted as homework for art class E Punctuation marks such as commas, periods, and semicolons @(2)AD Two years ago, Hsiao Hua was still a graduate student She collected the data for one of her studies through an online questionnaire survey The 535 participants that responded to the survey were asked to provide their real names, addresses, telephone numbers, and email addresses, so that she could send them a small gift as a reward Prior to the collection of such information, Hsiao Hua had specified the purpose of the data collection as well as that they would be used only for sending the gift In addition, the participants had the right to choose not to provide the information Hsiao Hua only sent the gifts to the participants that signed the online consent form Following the completion of her master’s degree, Hsiao Hua remained at the same institute to continue her studies as a doctoral student To support an activity organized by the institute, she extracted the information of the participants collected for gift distribution and sent them an invitation to the event on behalf of the institute Has Hsiao Hua’s behavior violated the Personal Information Protection Act of the R.O.C (Taiwan)? (4)Yes The participants only granted permission for their information to be used to receive the gift Now that Hsiao Hua has changed the usage policy of their information; her behavior has violated the Personal Information Protection Act Which of the following concepts about the right to privacy is incorrect? @(4)The right to privacy only protects names, medical history, and dates of birth The final assignments of Hsiao-hua and Chia-chia for liberal education are identical Which of the following statements is most likely to be used to ascertain Chia-chia’s infringement of Hsiao-hua’s copyright? @(2)Hsiao-hua: Chia-chia said that she did not know how to format the report, so I sent her the file as a reference days ago In order to effectively manage conflicts of interest, researchers must acknowledge the fact that they are susceptible to secondary interests, and that these interests can undermine the credibility of their research and destroy the trust of the general public Researchers may submit their research to an REC or IRB for review and approval to minimize interference from secondary interests Alternatively, through full disclosure of potential secondary interests, their negative impact on the primary interests may be mitigated or prevented altogether The principles for managing conflicts of interest include a) disclosure, b) review and authorization, and c) prohibition Which of the following descriptions of these basic principles is FALSE? @(2)The conflict of interest review committee should consist of experts from scientific and non-scientific fields who must carefully review the research to provide constructive and objective suggestions Which of the following statements about conflicts of interest is true? (1)In human subject research, the primary interests are the rights of the participants and the integrity of the research (3)Conflict of interest is a departure from the principle of academic independence, ethical conduct, and informed consent However, they not cause harm to research participants (4)Secondary interests refer specifically to the financial incentives researchers and research institutions may receive Which of the following is not personal data, as defined in Article 2, Item of the Personal Data Protection Act? (1)Date of birth (2)ID card number (3)College entrance examination rules Which of the following are types of privacy that are recognized by the Constitutional Court? (A) Information privacy, such as personal data; (B) Spatial privacy, such as private homes; (C) Privacy of correspondence, such as the content of a private phone call between two parties; (D) Media privacy, such as television programs that an individual watches; (E) Life privacy, such as intimate actions in private life (1)ACE (2)ABCE (4)ABCDE Which of the following statements about avoiding self-plagiarism is incorrect? @(2)Authors may purchase plagiarism detection services provided by academic ghostwriting companies and request them to help detect and modify parts that are too similar to previously published papers The Personal Data Protection Act stipulates that in the collection of personal data, individuals must be clearly notified of particular matters Which of the following statements is incorrect? (1)The name and purpose of the collection organization must be provided (3)Personal data that have been disclosed by an individual or otherwise legally disclosed still cannot be collected without authorization (4)If an individual or their legal representative cannot be notified, for example because they are in a coma due to illness, the notification requirement can be waived The Nuremberg Code, the Declaration of Helsinki, and the Belmont Report offer the most fundamental research ethics principles Which of the following statements related to the protection of subjects’ rights is incorrect? (1)Researchers should explain the possible risks of participation and the processing of follow-up data to subjects prior to conducting the research (3)Research subjects must fully understand the obligations of participation and only then decide to participate (4)Researchers should avoid selecting vulnerable groups (e.g., indigenous persons, pregnant women, the elderly, and children) for data collection to reduce risks in the research For research purposes, Hsiao-pao collected articles on parenting shared by netizens for a thesis related to online parenting Which of the following statements is correct? (1)Searching for articles by others on the Internet without consent may violate information privacy (3)Capturing pictures and videos outside the window of a netizen’s house to observe real-life childcare in their home may infringe on spatial privacy (4)All of the above constitute inappropriate and illegal behavior and should be conducted with caution Which of the following situations does the Personal Data Protection Act not apply to? @(1)The painter Pei-Pei is getting married and collects the addresses of her friends in order to mail them the wedding invitation Which of the following basic principles of the so-called “responsible conduct of research” is incorrect? @(3)Efficiency: select research subjects who/that can offer maximum data during collection Which of the following is not a narrow definition of science? @(3)Specifically, science refers to a subject that requires performing experiments with human subjects in laboratories The Copyright Act was formulated to protect the rights of creators Which of the following works would be protected by the Copyright Act? (A) A collection of the graduation work of high school art students; (B) A recent earthquake report by the Central Weather Bureau stating that the largest earthquake in XX area had a magnitude of 3; (C) Buildings such as Taipei 101, National Taichung Theater, or National Dr Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall; (D) A self-portrait taken by a monkey; (E) An academic advisor’s periodicals published over the past 10 years (1)AE (2)ABE (3)ACE Which of the following is something that you as an academic writer should to achieve effective paraphrasing? @(4)Read the passage thoroughly and take note of the sentence structure and the main viewpoints Then, rephrase the author’s ideas in a neutral tone Joe, Shelly, Guang, and Flora are working on a joint research project for which they are seeking publication Read the following options and determine whose conduct is most likely to be considered self-plagiarism @(2)Guang included the entire literature review section of one of his earlier research in the current paper without any revisions or attribution Which of the following statements about the Copyright Act is FALSE? (1)The prerequisite for copyright protection is originality Works of minimal creativity are not protected by the Copyright Act (3)The Copyright Act protects works by human beings and not by animals or machines (4)The determination of whether a creation is copyright protected is based on its artistic or academic merit, not its practical value Which three of the following statements about citations are true? A Citations must be used when quoting other people’s work B They are only placed at the end of an article and not in the main body of the text D They are used to give credit to the original author and avoid plagiarism C They are used to indicate other people’s work and help readers find the original source (2)ACD (4)ABD Xiang is a research student at a university; when writing her graduate thesis, she wants to quote the following four types of information Which type of information may not conform with proper citation requirements stipulated by copyright laws? @(3)A photographer’s complete collection of East Taiwan photography not yet released to the public Prof Weng is training his research team to recruit participants He believes that a research team must clearly explain the content of the research plan and provide sufficient consulting services to participants Which element of informed consent is this? (1)Disclosure of information (2)Comprehension of information (4)Fairness Plagiarism can be divided into plagiarism of ideas and plagiarism of words Which of the following is incorrect? (1)Plagiarism of ideas: I followed the script content shared by my classmates to complete my own final script assignment (2)Plagiarism of ideas: I imitated the structure and painting method of a senior’s artwork in my own graduation thematic artwork (3)Plagiarism of words: I imitated the research project structure and research topics of the thesis of a former student Ming privately sold his company’s internal personnel information to a headhunter company Which type of the company employees’ right to privacy did Ming violate? (1)The right to information privacy (3)The right to privacy in communication (4)The right to privacy in personal life In accordance with copyright laws, quoting from other people’s works must be within a reasonable scope Which of the following thesis citations falls within this reasonable scope? (1)The Development and Culture of Japan’s Manga Industry: Copying the entire text of a Japanese manga still in serialization in the appendix for the readers’ reference (2)Exploring Media Literacy Education in Europe and the US: Including translated paraphrases or excerpts from European and US literature in the paper and citing the information source (4)Development of and Commentary on Pop Music in Taiwan: Burning the music reviewed in the paper into CDs, which were appended to the thesis The thesis was only available to university professors and students in the university library Regarding the definition and types of inappropriate research conduct, which of the following statements is incorrect? @(4)Repetitive use of sentences or concepts from published works without listing them as a source is considered an act of fabrication Which of the following statements accurately describes the value of the Belmont Report? @(1)It lays down the ethical principles and standards for the US government formulating policies for human trials, as well as necessary literature for countries around the world to consult when enacting such regulations Which of the following persons violated privacy rights? @(4)None of the above behaviors were appropriate and all of them violated privacy rights Which of the following options contains the three writing techniques that are useful in avoiding plagiarizing others’ work? @(3)Quoting, summarizing, and paraphrasing Hsiao-mei came up with the idea to plagiarize information from the Internet in order to submit her assignment before the deadline, but the possible consequences of plagiarism made her hesitate Which of the following is not a possible consequence she would suffer from? @(3)Wasting the lecturer’s assessment time by using excessive amounts of copied text Authors are entitled to which rights without having to register with the Intellectual Property Office? @(2)Copyrights Which of the following options is an effective way to avoid self-plagiarism? (2)Writing all of one’s research papers with the same theoretical framework and method of expression in order to showcase one’s personal style A research team is conducting a questionnaire survey for students in grades 4–9 Since a questionnaire is not a human experiment, the research team will conduct the research immediately after briefing the subjects so that the research proceeds smoothly What research ethics is the team possibly violating? (1)The team did not violate the explicit notification obligation or the informed consent principle (2)The team did not violate the explicit notification obligation but violated the informed consent principle (3)The team violated the explicit notification obligation and the informed consent principle Xiao-ting, a graduate student, is conducting research on the mental health outcomes of severe infectious diseases After interviewing the participants, he feels that they not meet the requirements of his research, but he is unwilling to give up the effort He adds content to the transcriptions Which research misconduct is Xiao ting involved in? (3)Falsification Fabrication refers to a researcher’s falsification and fictionalization of material that does not exist in the research process (e.g., images, data, procedures, or results) and the use of fictional data as research results or even in the literature review Which of the following is an act of fabrication? (3)Xiao Jiu still was yet to obtain three data results However, to deliver the interim experiment data, Xiao filled in random numbers in the three incomplete fields MOST amended its Operational Criteria for MOST-subsidized Research Projects in 2018, stipulating that subsidized research projects should properly store research data for how many years? (1)Three years (3)Seven years Which of the following statements on plagiarism and self-plagiarism is true? (4)The severity of self-plagiarism is determined by whether the plagiarized passage is a core part of the new research and whether the researcher intends to exaggerate their contributions or mislead readers Which of the following statements about referencing the work of others is true according to the Copyright Act? (3)Using copyrighted materials for legitimate purposes (such as reporting, critiquing, teaching, and research) within a reasonable scope is considered fair use Xiao-Yu is a college freshman A class she takes requires that she submit a film critique as a term paper Which of her following actions constitutes copyright infringement? (3)Copying paragraphs from different reviews posted by others on IMDb and combining them into her own report Science has been remarkably important in Eastern civilization Which of the following is a correct statement pertaining to science? (4)The word “science” originated in China’s imperial examination system during the Sui Dynasty Which of the following statements about academic ethics is incorrect? (2)Only research data that satisfy the research hypothesis should be presented Which of the following actions constitutes plagiarism by the narrow legal definition? (1)Guang stole Flora’s research ideas and then carried out the research and published the findings in his own name (2)Shelly included passages from a group report she did with her classmates in a journal article submission for which she listed herself as the sole author (3)As a teaching assistant, Joe passed off his students’ research proposals as his own and submitted his own research findings on similar topics to a conference, listing himself as the sole author Which of the following statements about scientific research is correct? (2)Scientific research is a paid professional job Which of the following students has committed self-plagiarism? (3)Cindy included a substantial part of one of her papers, which was published last year, in another journal article submission without indicating the source Regarding image processing and preservation, which of the following statements is incorrect? (4)Researchers may sharpen, blur, move, delete, or add specific features of an image to satisfy their expectations Which of the following is not an entity stipulated in personal data protection laws? (2)Public, online fan pages of government officials Which of the following statements about the “do no harm” principle in the Belmont Report is correct? (1)It emphasizes that researchers must strive not to harm the participants Which of the following statements about copyrights is true? (3)In principle, recording or videotaping a live performance of art is against copyright law Ta-tung is writing a final assignment The lecturer requires students to summarize the works of others Which of the following points about summarizing are correct? (A) Reduce the length of long paragraphs, and the summary is shorter than the original; (B) Retain the original author’s viewpoint, and the length after summarizing is similar to that of the original text; (C) Avoid excessive repetition of original sentences, and the rewritten text must be precisely worded; (D) Summarizing simplifies information; (E) Summarizing changes information (2)ACD Based on the principle of Respect for persons laid out in the Belmont Report, which of the following considerations must the ethics committee consider during the ethics review? (4)Whether there is an unequal power dynamic between the researchers and the participants Which of the following data collection methods may violate the Personal Data Protection Act? (2)A cram school, in order to recruit students, purchased student directories from third-year class leaders in a high school The Declaration of Helsinki includes six main principles Which of the following statements aligns with the principles? (3)Researchers must follow the principle of informed consent for all subjects According to the Copyright Act, citing the works of others must meet a legitimate purpose Which of the following citing behavior is most legitimate for fair use? (1)Hua-hua is a reporter for the school newspaper She intends to cite news published on the Internet to report about campus safety Which of the following rights is not one for the four privacy rights in the Constitutional Court’s interpretation? (1)Right to freedom and privacy in schooling ... others’ homework? (1) The student cannot adjust to the instruction style of a certain course Professor Chang discussed the topic of academic ethics with his freshmen in his course on “Research... Taipei 10 1, National Taichung Theater, or National Dr Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall; (D) A self-portrait taken by a monkey; (E) An academic advisor’s periodicals published over the past 10 years (1) AE... fundamental research ethics principles Which of the following statements related to the protection of subjects’ rights is incorrect? (1) Researchers should explain the possible risks of participation