Định hướng giá trị của cha mẹ và con lứa tuổi học sinh trung học cơ sở

DjNH HUONG GIA TR! CUA CHA ME VA CON LL/A TUOI HOC SINH TRUNG HOC CO S& PGS.TS Trirong Thj Khanh Ha Trudng Khoa Tdm ly hoc, Dai hoc Khoa hoc xd hdi vd Nhdn vdn, Dai hoc Qudc gia Hd Ngi ThS Truong Quang L^m, ThS Hoang Mai Anh, ThS Dang Hoang Ng^n Khoa Tdm ly hgc, Dgi iigc Khoa hgc xd hpi vd Nhdn vdn, Dgi hgc Qudc gia Hd Npi II TOM TAT Npi dung bdi bdo tap trung phdn tich dinh hudng gid tri cua cha me vd Ufa tudi trung hgc ca sd hien nay, tim hieu ve nhCfng phdm chdt nhdn cdch md cha me ddng dinh hudng gido due cho ciia hg Nghien cihi dugc ihifc hien tren 360 hgc sinh trung hgc ca sd vd cha, me cdc em tgi dia bdn: Hd Npi, Hue, thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh Ket qud cho thdy, cha me hudng tai nhiing gid tri truyen thd'ng ciia ddn tpc Viet Nam, nhUng gid tri ve su hieu hgc, long nhdn di, su diing muc, sif an todn, sif chia se nhieu han so vdi cdc gid tri hudng tim, kham phd mao hiem vd quyen luc lis khoa: Dinh hudng gid tri; Dinh hifdng gido due gid tri; Cha me hgc sinh trung hgc ca sd; Bdng khdo sdt gid tri Schwartz Ngdy nhdn bdi: 5/9/2014; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/9/2014 Dat vain d e Gia trj la nhiing gl chiing ta cho la quan trgng va cd y nghTa ddi vdi cudc sdng Gia trj ma mdi ngudi hudng d i n cd anh hudng manh me den quan dilm, hanh vi, ldi sdng cua hg Chi'nh vl vay, cac bac cha me thudng rat quan tam djnh hudng giao due gia trj cho Thudng ihl cac bac cha me ra'l vui thay hudng den nhiing gi ma cha me eho la quan trgng Ngugc lai, hg rat phien ldng eai khdng nghe ldi cha me va khdng hudng tdi nhiing gi cha me 'Nghl6n ciiu duqc tai tro bcfi Quy Phat trien Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Quoc gia (NAFOSTED) de lai ma sd VII.1-2012-15 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC Sd 10 (187), 10 - 2014 27 mong muon Nhieu mau thuSn sinh gifia cha me va cai bat nguon tCr Kung dot gia tri giiia hai the' he, dac biet la giOa cha me va cai liia tudi thie'u nien Bai vie't tap trang tra Icii cau hoi: Dinh hudng gia trj cia cac bac cha me va cai ciia ho co su giS'ng va khac nhu the' nao bO'i canh hdi nhap qudc te' hien Cac bac cha me thu6ng hudng de'n giao due nhiing phim chat nhan each nao cho cai ciia minh d lila tudi THCS To churc va phuong phap nghien ciiru 2.1 Dia bdn vd khdch the nghien cim IChao sat dugc tie'n hanh ct cac v&ng nong thSn va tren dia ban Ha Noi, Hueva ph6' Ho C3ii Minh IChach th^ gom 360 hoc sinh ldp 8, ldp 9; 360 ngu&i cha va 360 ngucri me cua cac em Sau sang loc, s6' phie'u dat yeu cau lai la 360 hoc sinh, 338 ngu6i cha va 346 ngu&i me ctia cac hoc sinh neu tren 2.2 Qud trinh thu thdp da lieu Qua trinh thu thap dii lieu dugc tie'n hanh til thang de'n thang nam 2014 Trade tien chung tfti khao sat cac hgc sinh c» tren ldp Sau dd chung t6i giii bang khao sat ve cho cha va me cua tiing em (vdi su giup d5 ctia nha trudng va giao vien chii nhiem ldp) Cha va me ciia mdi hgc sinh tra ldi ddc lap vdi vao cac bang khao sat rieng biet Mijc tieu nghien ciiu va viec giii bi mat thdng tin ca nhan dugc neu ro cho tting khach th^ 2.3 Phuang phdp nghien cim chinh Bdng 1: Cde gid tri thdc ddy theo ly thuyet eua Shalom H Schwartz Cac gia tri Quyen lite Power Thdnh dgt Achievement Hifdng thu Hedonism Khdm phd, mao hiem Stimulation 28 Dinh nghia va cac vi du Vi the xa hoi, dang cap, su kilm soat hay quyin han ddi vdi ngudi va cac ngudn luc (quyin lire xa hoi, uy tin va sir giau cd) Sir cdng ciia ca nhan the hien d kha nang dap iing cac tieu chuan ciia xa hoi (su cdng, nang luc, tham vgng va suanh hudng) Cam giac hai long cua ban than (su vui thfch, sir tan hudng cudc sdng va sir hudng thu) Hiing thii, mdi la va thach thiic cudc sdng (tao bao, mot cugc sdng phong phii va soi dpng) TAP CHI TAM LYHQC, Sd 10 (187), 10 - 2014 Tu quyet dinh Self-direction Gid tri todn cdu Universal ism Long nhdn di Benevolence Truyen thdng Tradition Diing mifc Conformity An todn, dn dinh Security D6c lap suy nghT va hanh dong lua chon, lao, kham pha (sang tao, tu do, ddc lap, to mo va tu lua chon muc tieu) Su hiiu biet va bao ve lgi ich ciia ngudi, thien nhien (suy nghT cdi md, thdng thai, cdng bang, binh dang xa hoi, hoa binh t h i gidi, mdt t h i gidi tuoi dep, hai hoa vdi thien nhiSn, bao ve mdi trucmg) Bao ton va nSng cao phuc lgi cua nhung ngucri xung quanh (h&u ich, trung thuc, khoan dung, tha thii) Tdn trong, cam ket va chap nhan truyln thdng van hoa hoac nhiing qui dilu tdn giao (khiem nhudng, cha'p nhan ph^n ciia minh cudc sdng, tdn tmyln thdng, hoa ddng) Kilm c h i cac hanh ddng thai qua va cac xung ddng co thi gSy kho chiu hoac ton hai din nguoi khac kilm che cac hanh vi vi pham cac chu^n muc xa hdi (lich su, tuan thu, tu phe binh, tdn cha me va ngudi cao tudi) Su an toan, hai hoa va on djnh cua xa hoi, cua cac mdi quan he va cua ban than (su an toan ciia gia dinh, an ninh quoc gia, trat tu xa hdi, vS sinh an toan va cdng bang vl quyin lgi) Chung tdi da sir dung bang khao sat gia tri ciia Schwartz - Profile Value Questionnaire IV Schwartz, 1992, cho rang gia tri la nhihig nguyen tac dan dudng cudc sdng hoac la nhiing muc tieu tdng the quy dinh hanh ddng ciia ngudi*''^ Tac gia da xay dung mdt danh sach cac gia tri co ban cd tat ca cac nen van hda tren the gidi Tir dd, tae gia dua 10 gia tri dugc cdng nhan rdng rai d mgi nen van hda, dua tren cac muc tieu thuc day dac biet lam nen cho mdi gia tri (xem bang 1) Bang khao sat gia tri cQa Schwartz - Profile Value Questionnaire P/ da dugc thich iing vdi van hda Viet Nam Ben canh dd, chiing tdi cung thie't ke bang hoi nham tim hieu nhiing pham cha't ma cac bac cha me thudng khuyen khich cai ren luyen gia dinh Ke't qua nghien cilu dugc xir ly theo chuong trinh thd'ng ke SPSS, phien ban 16.0 2.4 Tieu chi ddnh gid Mdi item dugc cho diem tir de'n tuong ung vdi mirc uu tien lua chgn ciia ngudi tra ldi Rieng ddi vdi bang khao sat gia tri ciia Schwartz: mdi TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (187), 10 - 2014 29 gia tri dugc danh gia thdng qua den items Dilm ciia mdi gia tri la dilm tmng binh cdng cua cac items tao nen gia tri dd Dilm c^ng cao, miic dd uu tien cang cao Ke't qua va ban luan 3.1 Thang gid tri cua cha, me vd Cac gia trj dugc sap xd'p theo mdt trat tu uu tien nha't djnh tao thang gia n:i Thang gia tri khdng phai tu nhien sinh ma dugc hinh va phat trien, bien ddi theo thdi gian ciing vdi su phat triln, bie'n ddi cua xa hgi loai ngudi, cua dan tdc, cua cgng ddng, cua timg ca nhan Trong mdt he thdng cac gia tri, cd nhiing gia tri dugc mgi ngudi uu tien lua chgn nhilu hon cac gia trj khac, nhd cac gia trj dugc sap xd'p theo mdt trinh tu uu tidn nha't dinh, ggi la thang gia tri Dl tim hiiu thang gia trj cua cha, me va con, trudc het chiing tdi tinh diem trung binh cua cac gia trj ma cha, me va hudng tdi Ket qua thu dugc nhu sau: Bdng 2: Diem trung binh cdc gid tri md cha, me vd hudng tdi DTB Con SD Cha DTB SD DTB SD 4,03 0,86 4,43 0,81 4,61 0,74 Truyen thd'ng 3,69 0,82 4,18 0,80 4,32 0,78 Long nhan 4,33 0,76 4,29 0,82 4,29 0,80 Gia tri toan cau 4,36 0,83 4,20 0,81 4,27 0,75 Diing muc 4,16 0,81 4,27 1,15 4,25 0,75 Tit dinh hudng 3,98 0,82 4,08 0,83 3,98 0,80 Thanh dat 3,81 1,02 3,80 0,95 3,68 0,95 Hudng thu 3,99 1,09 3,49 1,04 3,48 1,01 Kham pha, mao hi^m 3,64 1,05 3,35 0,97 3,16 0,97 10 Quyen luc 3,20 1,12 3,32 0,99 3,16 1,01 Cac gia tri An toan Me Sap xep cac gia tri theo thd tu uu tien dd'i vdi timg nhdm khach th^ va dua vao su khac biet cd y nghTa ve mat thd'ng ke, chiing tdi phan mirc dd uu tien: 30 TAPCHlTAMLyHQCSd 10 (187), 10-2014 I - Nhdm cac gia tri dugc cac khach thi uu tien lua chgn miic cao; n - Nhdm cac gia trj dugc cac khach thi uu tien lua chgn d miic tmng binh; III - Nhdm cac gia trj dugc cac khach thi uu tien lua chgn d miic thap Cud'i ciing chiing tdi cd dugc thang gia trj ciia timg nhdm khach thi, thi hien thii tu uu tien ciia mdi nhdm khach the dd'i vdl cac gia trj bang khao sat Bdng 3: Thii tu uu lien It^a chgn cdc gid tri cua cdc nhdm khdch the Mure I Cao II Trung binh III Thap Cha Me Con An toan An toan Gia tri toan cau Long nhan Tmyln thong Long nhan Diing muc Long nhan Diing muc Gia tri toan cau Gia tri toan cau An toan Truyln thdng Diing muc Hudng thu Tu dinh hudng Tu dinh hudng Tu dinh hudng Thanh dat Thanh dat Thanh dat Hudng thu Hudng thu Truyln thdng Kham pha, mao hiem Kham pha, mao hiem Kham pha, mao hilm Quyin luc Quyen lire Quyin lire Ke't qua cho tha'y, mac dii mgi ngudi diu hudng tdi tat ca nhiing gia tri neu tren d mirc dd nhat djnh, vi chiing tdn tai cudc sdng ciia tat ca chdng ta Tuy nhien, ne'u xet theo thil tu uu tien thi cd mgt sd gia tri dugc coi trgng hon cac gia tri khac Trong nghien cihi nay, cha, me va cai deu hudng tdi cac gia tri an todn, ldng nhdn di, gid tri todn cdu, su dimg muc mile cao nha't Gia tri an todn (an toan ca nhan va an toan cua dat nude) dugc ca cha va me hudng tdi hang dau Cac bac phu huynh chgn phuang an cho rang hg gidng vdi nhung ngudi cd dinh hudng nhu sau: Sdng mdi trudng an todn la quan trgng ddi vai anh dy Anh dy trdnh xa nhitng gi cd thede dga de'n sitan todn eiia minh Ddi vdi anh dy, su an todn cita ddt nude Id rdt quan trgng Anh dy rdt nd life de khoi bi dm Dieu rdt quan trgng ddi vdi anh dy Id giifgin site khde TAP CHlTAM LVHOC, Sd 10 (187), 10 - 2014 31 Cd mpt xd hdi dn dinh Id quan trgng ddi vdi anh dy Anh dy quan tdm ldi viec giif gin trat ttt xa hpi Hgc sinh cQng hudng tdi gia tri an toan d miic cao, nhung theo thii tu uu tien chi xep b vj tri thii So vdi cha me, cac em it lo lang hon de'n nhiing va'n dl an toan cua ca nhan va da't nude Nhiing gia trj long nhdn di, gid tri loan cdu, sii ddng muc la nhiing gia trj da tham sau vao suy nghT va ldi sd'ng cua ngudi Viet Nam, mang tinh nhan van va dac trung ciia van hda phuong Ddng Mac du cd nhilu vu viec va mdt sd hien tugng mat nhan tinh xay d mgt sd ngudi thdi gian gan day (dugc biet de'n tren cac phuong tien truyen thdng dai chiing), nhung nhiing ngudi ludng thien van hudng de'n nhung gia trj tdt dep d miic cao Hg thudng chgn phuong in gidng vdi nhiing ngudi cd djnh huc^g sau: Dieu rdt quan trgng dd'i vdi anh dy la giitp dd nhiing ngudi xung quanh Anh dy mud'n quan tdm de'n mgi ngudi Anh dy tin tudng sdu sdc rang ngudi cdn quan tdm de'n thien nhien Dd'i vdi anh dy, bdo ve mdi irudng xung quanh la dieu quan trgng Anh dy tin rang tdt cd mgi ngudi tren trdi ddt cdn sdng hda hap Dieu quan trgng vdi anh dy la thuc day su hda binh giiia tdt cd cdc nhdm ngudi Dd'i vdi anh dy, c^uan trpng la bd qua cho nhiing ngudi cd ldi vdi minh Anh dy cd gdng nhin thdy nhiing gi tdt dep d hg vd khdng thd hdn Dieu quan (rgng dd'i vdi anh dy la cd nhiing hdnh vi dung ddn Anh dy mudn trdnh nhifng hdnh dpng md mgi ngifdi cho la khdng ditng ddn Ca cha me va cai diu hudng den nhiing gia tri tu dinh hudng va thdnh dgt a miic thii Dilu phii hgp vdi dac diem liia tudi ciia cha me va eai Cac bac cha me hien dang d tudi 40 - 55, diu dang cd viec lam Dd'i vdi hg nhu cau dat va tu dinh hudng khdng cdn cao nhu thdi niln, chua rd hudng di va chua cd viec lam dn dinh Con cai hg dang d tudi thie'u nien, ciing chua cd nhu e^u ca'p bach la phai tu xac djnh hudng di va dat eudc sdng Chinh vl vay, dii cha me va cai diu hudng tdi cac gia tri nay, nhung d miie vira phai Mgt dac diem niia cd the nhan la cac nhdm khach the diu hudng de'n nhung gia tri kich thich, mao hiem va quyen life d miic thap nha't Hg thudng chgn phudng an il gidng vdi nhiing ngudi cd dinh hudng nhu sau: Ddi vdi anh dy quan trgng la trd nen gidu cd Anh dy mud'n cd nhieu lien vd nhung vgt dai gid 32 TAPCHlTAMLyHQCSd 10(187), 10-2014 Trd thdnh ngudi phu trdch cdng viec vd Id ngudi chi ddn cho ngudi khdc nhiing viec cdn ldm Id dieu quan trgng ddi vdi anh dy Anh dy mud'n mgi ngudi ldm theo nhiing gi anh dy ndi Anh dy ldc ndo cSng mud'n la ngUdi dua quyet dinh Anh dy thich ldm ldnh dgo Anh dy cho rdng, quan trgng la ldm duac nhieu viec khdc cupe sdng Anh dy ludn mud'n tim kiem nhiing cdng viec mdi me de thu thdch Anh dy thich mgo hiem Anh dy ludn lim kiem cdc cupe phieu luu Anh dy thich nhiing dieu bdt ngd Ddi vdi anh dy, quan trgng la cd mdt cupe sdng sdi dpng ddy dn tugng Bin canh nhiing dilm tuong ddng giiia cha me va eai neu tren, thi giiia hg cung cd nhiing dilm khac biet Dd la cac bac cha me hucnig den gia trj truyen thdng cf miic cao, cac hg chi hudng den gia trj d miic thap Ngugc lai, cac bac cha me hudng din gia trj hudi2g thu a miic thap, cae hg hudng den gia trj d miic cao Bieu dd I: So sdnh gid iri truyen thdng, hudng thu, an todn giua cha me vd Dilu cd the ly giai mdt mat bdi su khac biet liia tudi, cac bac cha me phai thudng xuydn lo lang vdi nhilu bdn phan va trach nhilm gia dinh va xa hdi VI vay, ho it cd dilu kien hudng tdi su hudng thu, ma hudng tdi trach nhilm va nhihig gia tri truyln thdng nhilu hdn Trong dd, nhOng diia tre 14 TAP CHlTAM LV HOC, Sd 10 (187), 10 - 2014 33 - 15 tudi chua phai lo nghi gi, cd nhu can ISm nhihig dilu ban than thSy thich thii cao hon Su phat trifa xa hdi va su giao thoa van hoa ciing khien cho the' he tre cd xu hudng tie'p eta vdi nhflng gia tii cua ldi sdng hien dai hon la nhiing gia tri trayen thd'ng Dilu kien kinh te' eua cac gia dinh dugc cai thien hon trade day cflng la mdt ye'u to thuto lgi cho the' he tre hudng tdi gia tri hudng thii va su thoa man ea nhan nhidu hon Mac dii co nhieu diem tuong dong thang gia tri d cha va me, giiia hg cung cd mdt sd' dilm khac biet: nhin chung ngudi me danh gia cao hon ngudi cha d mgt so gia tri nhu: gia tri an todn (DTB me = 4,62; DTB cha = 4,44; p < 0,001); gia tri truyen thdng (DTB me = 4,34; DTB cha = 4,19; p < 0,001) -Cha -Me Truygn thong Bieu 2: So sdnh mite dinh hudng tdi mdt sd gid tri giQa ngudi cha vd ngudi me Ngugc lai, ngudi cha lai danh gia eao hon ngudi me d gia tri quyen luc (DTB cha = 3,33; DTB me = 3,17; p < 0,001); gia tri thdnh dat (DTB cha = 3,81; DTB me = 3,68; p < 0,001); gia tri khdm phd, mao hiem (DTB cha = 3,36; DTB me = 3,17; p < 0,001) Chiing tdi cho rang, dieu phan anh nhiing khac biet gidi; dan dng hudng tdi quyen luc, su dat, su mao hiem nhieu hem so vdi phu nu; ngugc lai, phu no hudng tdi sij an toan va cac gia tri truyln thd'ng nhilu hon So sanh dinh hudng gia tri giiia hgc sinh ndng thdn va phd, chiing tdi tha'y cd sir khac biet cd y nghia thd'ng ke d gia tri: quyen life va hudng thu Tre em phd hudng tdi gia tri quyen life va hudng thu nhilu hon tre em ndng thdn Dieu cd the ly giai bdi tre em d phd ed dilu kien kinh te, dieu kien vui choi, giai tri cao va da dang hon Hgc sinh d phd' cflng y 34 TAP CHI TAM Lf HOC, Sd 10 (187), 10-2014 thiic ro hem hgc sinh ndng thdn ve gi^ trj quyen lixc (quyen luc xa hdi, uy tin va su giau cd) xa hdi Dd'i vdi cac gia tri khac, khdng cd su khac biet cd y nghia vl mat thdng ke giOa hai nhdm tre I Nong thon • Thanh Bieu 3: So sdnh gid tri ciuyen li/c vd hudng thii giaa hgc sinh ndng ihdn vd thdnh phd Ngudi Idn, tre em cac viing miln khac (Ha Ndi, Hul, phd Hd Chf Minh) cung cd nhilu dilm tuong ddng va khac bilt dinh hudng gia tri Chiing tdi se ban de'n va'n dl nhiing dip tie'p theo 3.2 Mdi quan he giiia dinh hu&ng gid tri cua cdc thdnh vien gia dinh De tim hiiu md'i quan he giiia djnh hudng gia tri ciia cac vien gia dinh, chung tdi tinh he sd tuong quan Pearson ddi vdi mdi gia tri giira cha - me - Vi du, tinh tuong quan giiia miic dinh hudng gia tri an todn cua ngudi cha vdi miie dd djnh hudng gia tri an todn cua ngudi me, giiia cha va con, giu'a me va Kit qua thu dugc nhu sau: Nhin vao bang 4, ta tha'y dinh hudng gia tri ciia cac vien gia dinh cd tUdng quan thuan vdi dd'i vdi tat ca cac gia tri Trong dd, tuong quan giiia cap vg - chdng chat che hdn tUdng quan giiia cae cap cha - con, me Dilu chiing td md'i quan he g^n giii, tUdng tae lan giira vg va chdng gia dinh cd anh hudng den dinh hudng gia tri cua hg va d mdt miic dd nha't dinh da tao djnh hudng gia trj chung cua cap vg chdng Din lugt minh, djnh hudng gia tri chung ciia cha me cd anh hudng nha't dinh din dinh TAP CHf TAM LV HOC, Sd 10 (187), 10 - 2014 35 hudng gia tri ciia va nhin mdt each tdng thi, tao dinh hudng gia tri chung cua mdi gia dinh Bdng 4: He sd tuang quan Pearson (r) ddi vdi mdi gid tri giiia cdc cap cha - me - Cac gia tri thiic d^y An loan Long nhan Dung muc Gia tri toan cau Truyen thdng Tu dinh hudng Thanh dat Hudng thu Kham pha, mao hiem Quyen luc r (Cha - Me) r (Cha - Con) r (Me - Con) 0,482** 0,524** 0,278** 0,558** 0,515** 0,501** 0,484** 0,399** 0,449** 0,417** 0,237** 0,288** 0,179** 0,256** 0,129* 0,226** 0,170** 0,188** 0,143* 0,136* 0,197** 0,281** 0,215** 0,319** 0,169** 0,277** 0,159** 0,216** 0,169** 0,137* * Tuang quan vdi mite y nghia p < 0,05; ** Tuang quan vdi mite y nghia p < 0,01 3.3 NhOng phdm chdt cha me thudng gido diic hien Viec cha me lua chgn nhiing ph^m chat dl giao due ddng vai tro quan trgng, phan anh nhan thiie, nhu e^u ciia cha me vl cac gia tri ma hg mong mud'n dinh hudng cho cai hg Dudi day, dua vao diem trang binh lua chgn eua cha me, chiing tdi nhdm cac nhom pham cha't va xe'p theo thir tu uu tien ma cha me thudng xuyen khuyin khich ren luy6n va khuyen khich hudng tdi, tir dilm trang binh cao nhSt (xIp thil 1) de'n diem trung binh thap nha't (xIp thii 10) Diem trung binh giu'a cac nhdm phSm cha't cd su khac biet mdt each cd y nghia ve mat thd'ng ke (One-Sample T-test, p < 0,01) Cae nhdm pham chat cd the coi la nhiing gia tri phuong tien, nhiim dat de'n nhihig gia tri dich bang khao sat gia tri cua Schwartz Cd thi tha'y, ba nhdm phim cha't dSu tien la nhiing phim cha't lien quan de'n cac gia tri truyln thd'ng ciia dan tdc Viet Nam, dd la eac phim cha't; hieu hge Id phep, eo hie'u vdi cha me, cdn cd chiu khd, yeu thuang, giiip da, chia se, sdng ed tinh nghia, eo long nhdn di Ba nhdm pham cha't tie'p theo ed gan bd chat che vdi sir tu dinh hudng, sir dung muc, su an toan Dd'i ehieu vdi kit qua thu dugc tii thang gia tri ciia 36 TAP CHI TAM L? HOC, Sd 10 (187), 10 - 2014 Schwartz da nlu a tren, chiing ta th^y, cac bac cha me hudng den cac gia trj an toan, truyln thdng, Idng nhan ai, su diing muc va cung khuyen khfch cai minh hudng de'n nhiing ph^m cha^t liln quan den nhung gia trj dd Tuy nhiin, cd hai gia trj mang tfnh truyln thdng ciia dan tdc la linh thdn cpng dong va long yeu nude chi dugc cha me khuyl'n khich hudng tdi d vj trf thii Bdng 5: Cdc nhdm phdm chdt cha me thudng khuyen khich hudng tdi Thurtu uu tien Cac nhom pham chat DTB Cham hoc; Le phep; Co hie'u 5,35 Tmng thuc; Can than; Can cii; Sdng co ne ne'p 5,05 Biet yeu thuong; Co trach nhiem; Co long bie't on; Giiip dd chia se; Trong tinh nghTa; Cd long nhan 4,91 Cd y chi; Tu lap; Cham lao dong 4,80 Cd ldi sdng gian di; Gid gin sUc khoe; Bie't tu bao ve 4,71 Khiem tdn; Binh tTnh; Tu tin 4,66 Tinh than cong ddng; Tinh yeu que hucfng, da't nude 4,50 Linh hoat, sang tao; Can dam; Kh6n ngoan; Dung cam 4,35 Co khat vong; Lac quan; S6i ndi, nhiSt tinh; Vui ve, hai hudc 4,26 10 Giau tri tudng tugng; Mao hilm 3,27 Ghi chu; DTB dugc tinh tren thang diem DTB cdng cao thi gid tri cdng cd y ngliia Ke't qua dat mdt cau hdi can iam rd hon Cha me thudng xuyen khuye'n khich ren luyen cac pham chat Biet yen thuang; Cd trdch nhiem; Cd long biet cm; Giiip dd chia se'; Trgng tinh nghia; Co ldng nhdn di (DTB = 4,91, xem bang 5), day la nhOng pham chat lien ca nhan rat dac trung d cac nen van hoa cdng ddng Tuy nhien cha me khuyen khich hudng tdi tinh edng ddng, tinh yeu que huang ddt nude miic tha'p hon (DTB = 4,50, xem bang 5) Lieu cd phai cha me dinh hudng giao due cho nhung pham chat lien ca nhan neu tren pham vi gia dinh hay cac nhdm nhd, nhilu hon la pham vi rdng Idn ciia cdng ddng xa hdi, que huong da't nude Mdt sd nhdm phSm cha't rat cin thilt cho ngudi thdi dai cdng nghiep hoi, hien dai hoa va hdi nhap qud'c tl, dd la sir can dam, dflng cam, khdn TAP CHI'TAM ll HOC, Sd 10 (187), 10 - 2014 37 ngoan, Imh hoat, sang tao chi dugc cha me khuyin khich ren luyto va hudng tdi d vi tri thil (DTB = 4,35) Nhdm phim chSt quan trgng niia, giiip ngudi vuon Idn, sdng lac quan, vui ve, hanh phiic, dd la Cd khdt vgng; Lge quan; Sdi ndi, nhiet tinh; Vui ve', hdi hudc chi diing d vi tri thii (DTB = 4,26) Nhdm phdm chit cha me it khuyen khich ren luyen va hudng tdi nha't la Gidu tri tudng tugng va Mgo hiem (DTB = 3,27) Dieu cung phii hgp vdi viec cha me uu tien lua chgn gia tri an todn b vi tri diu tien thang gia tri ciia Schwartz Chiing tdi da khao sat cac ciia cac cap cha me xem danh gia ciia cac em vl viec cha me thudng khuyin khich cac em hudng tdi nhflng gia tri nao, ke't qua cho tha'y danh gia ciia cac em kha tuong ddng vdi danh gia cira cha me vl thii tu uu tien cac nhdm phim cha't Dilu chiing to, cai nhan kha ro dinh hudng giao due gia tri ciia cha me ddi vdi cac em Cac em bilt kha ro cha me mud'n gi d minh Tuy nhidn cam nhan vl mirc cha me thudng xuyen khuye'n khich eac em ren luyen cd khac Vdi nhdm pham cha't diu tien (xem bang 5), danh gia cua cha me, cai la tucfng ddng, khdng cd su khac biet cd y nghia thd'ng ke Cac cung thira nhan la cha me thudng xuyen khuyen khich cac em ren luyen nhirng phim cha't Tuy nhien tir cac nhdm phim chat thii trd di, dilm trang binh cac em danh gia thap hern diem cua cha me danh gia Vi du, cha me cho rSng hg khuye'n khich hudng tdi Tinh thdn edng dong; Tinh yeu que huang, ddt nude d miic khd thudng xuyen (DTB cha me = 4,5), nhung hg danh gia ring cha me chi thinh thodng khuyin khich hudng tdi nhOng gia tri (DTB = 3,9; p < 0,01) Tuong tu nhu vay, diem trang binh cua thSp hon dilm trang binh ciia cha me dd'i vdi cac phim chat: Co khdt vgng: Lge quan; Sdi ndi, nhiet tinh; Vui ve, hdi hudc; Gidu tri tudng tugng; Tinh mgo hiem Ndi each khac, cac em cam nhan rang cha me it khuyen khich cai ren luyen nhiing phim cha't hon so vdi mirc cha me tu nhan Ke't luan chung Cd the ndi, vSn dl xac dinh hi gia tri co ban, viia phu hgp vdi trayln thdng van hoa dan tgc, vda dap ung yeu cau, xu thd chung cua thdi dai ludn la dilu quan trgng dd'i vdi mdi qudc gia, mdi gia dinh Kit qua nghien cihi budc dau ciia chung tdi cho tha'y da sd cac bac cha me ra't quan tam giao due gia trj cho gia dinh Nhin chung, cac bac cha me cd xu hudng giao due cho nhung gia tri ma ban than minh hudng den Cd md'i tucmg quan thuan kha chat giiia dinh hudng gia tri cua cha va me va cd mdi tuong quan thuan gi&a 38 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd 10 (187), 10-2014 cac gia trj ciia cha me va cac gia tri ciia cai Dieu dd phan anh md'i quan he gan bd va sir anh hudng true tiep gifia cha me va cai gia dinh Nhu vay, dl giao due gia trj cho thi he tre, cd le, trudc tidn ngudi Idn cung c ^ xay dinh hudng gia tri diing dan cho minh Ke't qua nghien ciiu thuc trang cho thiy nhiing uu diem va nhugc diem djnh hudng gia trj va dinh hudng giao due gia trj ciia cha me dd'i vdi gia dinh hien Ket qua cd the giiip ich cho viec xay dung dinh hudng gia trj diing dan hon bdi canh hdi nhap qudc te Tai lieu tham khao Truong Thi Khanh Ha, Joanna Rozyska, l/ng diing ly thuyet cua Schwartz de tim hieu cdc gid tri ca bdn ctia sinh vien Viet Nam vd Ba Lan, Tap chi Tam ly hoc, Sd 11, 2013 Pham Minh Hac, Gid tri hgc: Co sd ly ludn gdp phdn diic kei xdy dung gid tri chung ciia ngudi Viet Nam, NXB Giao due Viet Nam, Ha N6i, 2010 Le E)Uc Phiic, Mac Van Trang, Gid tri vd gido due gid tri, Vien Nghien ciiu Dai hgc va giao due co ban, 1993 Schwartz S.H., Universalism values and the inclusiveness of our moral universe Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 38, 711 - 728, 2007 TAP C H [ T A M Lt HOC, Sd 10 (187), 10 - 2014 39 ... cua cha, me va con, trudc het chiing tdi tinh diem trung binh cua cac gia trj ma cha, me va hudng tdi Ket qua thu dugc nhu sau: Bdng 2: Diem trung binh cdc gid tri md cha, me vd hudng tdi DTB Con. .. cap cha - me - Cac gia tri thiic d^y An loan Long nhan Dung muc Gia tri toan cau Truyen thdng Tu dinh hudng Thanh dat Hudng thu Kham pha, mao hiem Quyen luc r (Cha - Me) r (Cha - Con) r (Me - Con) ... khdch the nghien cim IChao sat dugc tie'n hanh ct cac v&ng nong thSn va tren dia ban Ha Noi, Hueva ph6' Ho C3ii Minh IChach th^ gom 360 hoc sinh ldp 8, ldp 9; 360 ngu&i cha va 360 ngucri me cua