Tính sáng tạo của cá nhân và tổ chức trong doanh nghiệp việt nam

TINH SANG TAO CUA CANHAN V A T O C H L J C TRONG DOANH NGHIEP VIET NAM GS.TS Pham Thanh Nghj Vien Tdm ly hpc TOM TAT Bai vie't lam ro khdi niem tinh sdng lao ctia cd nhdn, tinh scin^ tao cita id'chifc, dlta cdc chi bdo ludng vd phdn tich kei qud ddnli gid lliifc tichi tinli sdng lao ciia cd nlidn ngU&i lao dpng vd dnh sdng tao ctia id chifc Irong doanh nghiep Viei Nam Tinh sdng tao ciia (d nhdn vd linii sdng lao cua id chifc cdc doanh nghiep Viet Nam duac ddnh gid dat mite kiid Mdi quan lie giila tinh sdng tao cd nlidn vd linh sdng tao ctia to chifc khong phdi Id mdi quan he luyen tinh dan ihiidn TiJr khoa: Tinh sdng lao cita cd nhdn; Tinh sdng lao ciia to chitc Ngdy nhdn bdi • 28/5/2012; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi • 25/1/2013 Dat van de Sang tao la chu de duac nhieu nha nghien cixu tam ly hoc cac nuoc phuong Tay quan tam Thanh tuu nghien cuu ITnh vuc cung rat dang khich le Tuy nhien, thuc te qua trinh sang tao van chiJa dung nhi^u di^u bl an bao g6m ca quy trinh co tinh logic va qua trinh mang tinh true giac Khi xac dinh ti'nh sang tao ciia ca nhan, ngu6i ta thuong diing cac trdc nghiem d^ lucmg Tuy nhien, dat duoc diem trac nghiem cao ve chi sd' sang tao (CQ) khong d6ng nghia vdi viec co nhi^u lhanh tuu sang tao hoat dong thirc ti6n Ket qua sang tao cua ca nhan phu thuoc rat nhieu vao moi truong, su tuong tac giira nang luc ca nhan va nhu cau xa hoi Trong tfnh sang tao ciia to chirc noi chung va tinh sang tao cua to chiic doanh nghiep noi rieng chi m6i dupe cac nha ngtiien cuu quan tam thoi gian gan day Theo Shalley, Gilson & Blum (2000), ti'nh sang tao cua to chiic doanh nghiep CO thd phat tridn a moi nganh nghe boi canh phu hop Dua tren nhung ket qua nghi6n ciiu da co, bai viet lam rd khai niem v6 ti'nh sang tao ciia ca nhan va tinh sang tao ciia td chiic, dua cac chi bao lu6ng theo ki'lung Iy TAP CHI TAM L t HOC, So (167), - 2013 thuydt nha't dinh va phin tich kdt qua danh gia thirc tidn ti'nh sang tao cia ca nhan vk td chiic doanh nghiSp Viet Nam Tinh sang tao cua ca nhan Cac nha tam ly hpc xem xet sang tao theo nhttng chieu canh khac Sang tao cd thd duoc coi IJ qua trinh tao cai mdi, mOt hoat dong giai quydt van dd mdi, dac diem ciia san phfim sang tao hay cac thuoc tinh nhan each, nang luc ciia ngudi sang tao Trudc hdt, quan niem xem sang t p la mOt qua trinh xuat phat td ban chat cd tinh qua trinh ciia sang tao Cau hoi dat la cai mdi duoc tao nhu thd nao Theo Wallas (1926), qua trinh diln qua budc: chuain bj, a'p li, bimg sang va danh gia Amabile (1983) bd sung vao qua trinh sang tao them mOt budc va qua trinh sang tao bao gdm S budc: su xuit hien van dd, chuan bi, san sinh y tudng, kidm tra y tuong va danh gia san pham Guilford (1950) lai cho ring sang tao co quan he den nhan each ngudi sang tao, ang khang dinh "cac thuOc tinh hanh vi didn phu thuoc vao cac cSu ldn nhu nang luc, thii, thai dp va cac thupc tinh chat" (tr 444) Hau het cac dinh nghia sang tao ddu nhae den cac chi bao san pham sang tao nhu la da'u liieu de phan biet Amabile (1996) khang dinh, "mpt san pham hay cau tra ldi dupe coi la sang tao d mdc ma (a) nd mdi va phu hop, huu dung hay eo gia tri ddi v6i cong viec dang lien hanh va (b) nhiem vu phai mang ti'nh kham pha hon la tinh logic" (tr 35) Trong tuyen bd nay, Amabile nhic lai tinh mdi va co gia tri ciia cac san pham sang tao nhung nha'n manh tinh kham pha ciia ductng di den san pham hay cau tra I6i sang tao Dieu dd cd nghia la ducfng di den Icri giai sang tao phai duoc xay dung qua trinh tim kidm chii khong dupe xac dinh tir trudc Theo quan niem tren thi bai loan logic CO muc tieu dat tii trudc cdn muc tieu ciia bai loan kham pha cd the chua dupe xac dinh trudc di tim ldi giai Do dd, tim van de cita bai loan cung la mpt phan quan ciia nhiem vu sang tao Tinh sang tao ciia td chdc, doanh nghiep co lien quan chat ehe v6i vdn tri tue, kha nang sii dung tri thu:c va phuong phap tiep can tdi van de m6i eiia ca nhan ngu6i lao dpng Amabile (1983) dua mo hinh td ciia sang tao bao gdm ba can thanh: ky nang chuyen mon phii hpp, ky nang sang tao phii hop va dpng CO cpng viec (dpng co npi sinh) cao Mac dh cac td ddu duoc coi la cin thidt nhung Amabile nha'n manh vai trd ciia thdnh td dpng ea va dira gia thuydt dpng co npi sinh Ba cho rang dd co thd sang tao, ngudi phai CO dong luc thtic day lit ben bdi chinh cpng viec; dpng co nPi sinh tao dPng luc cho sang tao va dPng co ngoai sinh can trd sang tao Tuy nhien, gan day Amabile (1996) phat hien rang khong phai dong co ngoai smh nao cung can trd sang tao ma nhung dpng co ngoai sinh mang y nghia thong tin, ba goi la dpng CO ngoai sinh hd trp, cung co i'ch cho vipc tang cuiimg sang tao Gidng nhu Amabile, Csikzentmihaiyi (1996) cho rang sang tao duoc tao dpng lire bdi mem TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd (167), - 2013 say me, hirng thu nhan thiic manh liet va ldng kien tri ghc gtSm Chii Ihd siing tao cd dpng luc eao nhai tham gia vao hoat dpng phu hop, hoiin tPan bi iPi cudn vao cong viee ma khPng he phan dinh mot each tach biel, rach roi ban than khdi bdi canh "ddng sang tao" Ky ndng ITnh vuc pint help bao gdm td hpp cac cau tra Irii ma tu dd cac cau tra ldi mdi co the dupe dua va thPng lin ddi lap v6i cac can ir:i Itii n.iy cd the duac xem xet Thanh phSn cd thd dupe xem la td hpp cac ducjng nhan thu'c dd giai quyet van dc dupe dua hay mpi nhicm vu nao phai thuc hien Ky nang linh vuc phu hpp eci the bao gdm cac su kien nguyen tac, y kien ve nhttng va'n de khac nhau, kie'n Ihiie ve ly thuyet, mP hinh, "kich biih" giai quye't cac va'n de ITnh vuc Ky nang linh vuc phii hpp bao gdm cac ky nang ky thuat, cac phuong phap Theo Grant (1996), tri thiic hi tai san quan trpng nhai eiia doanh nghiep va tai san hii nSm vdn kien thiic ciia ngudi lao dPng Giai doan chuan bi qua trinh sang tao bir6e cii.i Wallas (1926) chinh la qua trinh tidp thu kicn thtte Ky ndng sdng tgo phu her/) dam bao s.in pham hay cau tra loi vupt qua mtte thong thudng truoc D6 sang lao, mol ca nhan khong the thieu ky nang sang tao phti hpp Td hop ciia cac ky nang theo Amabile (1996) bao gdm: - Kha nang dpi pha, but khdi nhung thong tin cam quan dd nhin than dupe ban chat che gia'u ducfi 16p vo ben ngoai; - Kha nang nhan thii'c dot pha kham pha nhOrig chien lupc, ducmg mcfi de giai quyet va'n dd; - Kha nang hieu duoc ti'nh chai phuc tap cua van de va khii nang lam viee vdi nhiing va'n de phuc tap dd; - Kha nang tri thai dp cdi md dai lau ma khong chiu anh hudng cua nhung cai da dinh san; - Kha nang tam dimg phan xet, suy xet va ehi sau mcri xem xet lai Tam dttng suy xet la nguyen tac quan ciia chuang trinh cong nao cila Osborn (1963); - Kha nang su dung pham trii, khai niem vdi viec sftp xep thong tin pham tru rpng thay vi pham trii hep v6i cac mdi quan he da dang, phirc lap; - Kha nang nhd thong tin ehinh xac tttc la kha nang ma hoa, luu giu va dua mpt lupng ldn thong tin chi tiet; - Kha nang bih khdi nhung ban ghi, nhttng du&ng mon cu; Kha nang tn giac khac biet each tiep can khac vcfi each IhPilg thu&ng mpi ngu&i hay dung Nhttng ky nang sang tao phu hop bao gdm kidn thtte \'e duong TAP CHi' TAM Lf HOC, Sd (167), 2-2013 sang tao, kham pha di de'n nhttng y tudng mdi, dpc dao Cd thd coi ky nang sang tao la nhttng du&ng tiep can van dd de tao y tudng mdi, dot pha thay VI nhung quy tac ehat che doi hdi su van dung theo du&ng mon Viec danh gia ti'nh sang tao ciia ca nhan ngu6i lao dpng doarih nghiep ed the theo nhidu each nhu su dung inic nghiem sang tao, danh gia san phim sang tao va eung cd thd dua trCn danh gia ddng thuan thong qua y kie'n ciia nhieu ngu&i Tinh sang tao ctia to chiifc Theo Shalley & Zhou (2008), sang tao (creativity) duoc coi la phSn y tudng cua ddi mdi (innovation), dd ddi mdi bao gdm ea phSn y tudng sang tao va phSn ap dung y tudng mdi vao thtte tidn Tinh sang tao ciia IP ehttc, dd, chi dupe xac djnh mpt each d^y dii tren co sd xem xet ca hai budc ciia qua trinh tao san phsim mdi - bttde tao y tudng sang tao va budc ap dung y tudng sang tao vao thire tidn Ti'nh sang tao cua td ehttc (theo nghia rpng), dd, dupe xem la kha nang ciia id ehttc lao y tudng mdi, httu ich va dua eac y tudng mdi, httu ich dd vao ap dung thuc tidn dd tao san pham mdi, qua trinh mdi td ehttc Khi nghien cuu ti'nh sang tao, mpt didu cin nhan manh la phai xem xet sang tao theo nhieu chieu eanh nhu da trinh bay d trCn Trong thuc te tim hieu tinh sang lao eua td ehttc, theo Brow (1989), Harrington (1990), Woodman va ddng nghiep (1993), ciin phai nam duoc (a) qua Irinh sang tao, (b) san pham sang tao, (e) eon ngudi sang lao, (d) tinh hudng sang tao va (e) each thtte ma theo dd cac Id tuong tac vdi Trong bdi canh td ehttc, ly thuydt sang tao dua tren each nhin tuong tac giua yeu td qua trinh, san pham, nhan each va tinh hudng la rai loan dien va rat phu hcfp vdi viee tim kidm mP hinh sang tao ciia td ehttc O cap dp ea nhan, sang tao la ehttc nang eiia eac yen td nhan thtte (kidn thtte, ky nang nhan thtte, kidu nhan thtte) va phi nhan thtte (nhan each) duoc tinh den d cap dp nhdm, sang tao la ehttc nang eua su luong tac giua "diu vao" hanh vi sang tao ca nhan, su tuong tae giua cac ca nhan, dae tinh nhdm (chuain muc, mtte dp ed ket), qua trinh nhdm (tidp can tdi giai quydt van de) va bdi canh eua nhdm O cap dp td ehttc, sang tao la ehttc nang cae diu vao sang tao eua eae nhdm phan va eac anh hudng bdi canh Do dd, san phim sang tao la dinh hinh ciia loan bp he thdng ca'u bdi bttc kham phttc lap cac dae tinh va hanh vi cila ca nhan, nhdm va td ehttc dudi anh hudng cia cae tinh hudng nPi Irpi tdn tai d tat ea eac cap dp Nang lue hay tinh sang tao eua timg ca nhan to ehttc chi la mpt diu vao din den sang tao cua td ehttc Amabile (1996) nhin manh ring eae ydu td tam ly - xa hpi eo tac dpng quan trpng de'n sang tao cua td ehttc ndi chung San pham sang tao cia td ehttc se dat mtte eao nhit lanh dao dan chi va TAP CHI TAM If HOC, Sd (167), 2-2013 hpp tie, ciu triic td ehttc mem deo thay vi cung nhic, phin td ehttc da dang Tinh ed ket nhdm va td ehttc cung nhu su tdn tai dai lau cua nhdm cd mdi quan he vdi tinh sang tao cua td ehttc Neu xic dinh tinh sang tao cua td ehttc la kha nang lao y ludng mdi, huu ieh va dua cac y tudng mdi, httu ieh vao ap dung thuc tidn de tao san pham mdi thi viee danh gia tinh sang lao cua mpt id ehttc khPng ehi dua vao san pham diu bdi vi san pham sang lao cua td ehttc hay diu (y ludng, sin pham hay cie qua trinh) la ket qua eua ei mpt qua trinh lam vice cua cac nhdm va ca id ehttc vdi nhung cd ging ca nhan, nhdm va dudi tac dpng ciia cac yeu id bdi canh Tren co sd nhung tranh luim d uen, cd the dua ba nhdm tieu ehi danh gii tinh sang tao cua td ehttc theo mtte dp bieu hien ben ngoai giam din: cic sin pham va y tudng sang lao duae id ehttc tao ra; c;ic hoat dpng cua nhdm hay td ehttc de lao y ludng mdi va dua eae y ludng mdi vao ap dung thuc tidn; dpng lue sang tao thuc day nhdm va IP ehttc him viec dc di ddn y tudng va sin phim sang tao Kdt qua nghien cttu thuc tien Nhdm nghien cum da stt dung bp cau hdi dd lam ro tinh sang tao ciia ngu&i lao dpng va linh sang lao cua td ehttc doanh nghiep Bo eau hdi dude thiei ke bao gdm cac nPi dung phin anh cac chi bao tinh sang tao ciia ca nhan ngu&i lao dpng va tinh sang tao cua td ehttc da duoc xac dinh d phin tren Bp phie'u hdi duae ngttdi lao dpng va can bp quan ly 30 doanh nghiep lam viec cac linh vuc san xuat, kinh doanh va dich vu ddng tren dia ban tinh, phd: Ha Npi, Vinh Phuc, phd Hd Chi Minh va Ddng Nai cd ket qua kinh doanh tdt tri l&i Mtte sang tao chung cua cac doanh nghiep dupe danh gia theo thang diem (1 den 5) va mtte sang tao duoc xac dmh nhu sau: ttt de'n 1,8 diem - sang tao d mtte rat kem; ttt 1,8 den 2,6 diem - sang tao d mtte kem; ttt 2,6 ddn 3,4 didm - sang tao d mtte trung binh, ttt 3,4 deh 4.2 didm - sang lao d mtte va ttt 4,2 de'n diem - sang tao d mtte cao Mtte sang tao dttpc danh gii bdi hai loai y kien: y kien cua chinh ngudi lao dpng tham gia tra l&i bing hdi va y kidn cua cac chuyen gia di khao sal lai cae doanh nghiep dua tren kdt qua trao ddi vdi lanh dao eac doanh nghiep va ngu&i lao dpng vd quy trinh quan ly, van hoa td ehttc Ngoai cae kel qua phan tich dinh lupng, eae quan sit, trao ddi cua cie nha nghien cttu lai doanh nghiep da eung cip them ehu:ng ett bd sung cho viec dua ket luan ve linh sang lao eua ea nhan ngu&i lao dpng va linh sang lao ciia td ehttc cae doanh nghiep dupe khio sat 3.1 Phdn tich ket qud ve tinh sdng tgo cua cd nhdn ngitdi lao ddng Theo eau true da xac dinh, tinh sing tao cua ca nhan nguai lao dpng bao gdm td! ky nang chuyen mon phil hop, ky nang sang tao phu hop va dpng CO npi sinh TAP CHi' TAIVI L? HOC, Sd (167), 2-2013 Bieu dd 1: Ky ndng chuyen mdn phu hap Ky nang chuypn mPn phu hpp dupe danh gii dua tren sir phu hop vd chuyen nganh cung nhu trinh dao tao cia ngttdi lao dpng so vdi nganh nghe dang lam viec Ky nang sing tao phu hpp duoc dinh gia theo thdi quen quydt dinh dua tren true giac, linh cam; bidu dat y kidn sinh dpng hay sd lupng y tuong xuat hien mpt khoing thdi gian nha't djnh Dpng co npi sinh dupe danh gia tren co sd httng thu, nidm say me viec tim kiem y tudng sang tao, ddi mdi each thtte lam viee eung nhu tinh thin sin sang dam nhan ePng viec mdi ma trudc dd ehua ed tttng dam nhipm 0- 0" 011 -rrrr —L_' '^^>4LT Std Dev = 0.667 N = 1,214 Bieu 2: Ky ndng sdng tgo phii hgp Ket qui khio sat eho thiy, td ky nang chuyen mon phu hap duoc danh gia cao nhit vdi 4,13/5 diem (bidu dd 1), tiep ddn la td dpng co ndi TAP CHi TAM LV HOC, Sd (167), - sinh vdi 3,74/5 didm (bidu dd 3) va cudi cung la ky nang sang tao phu hap vdi 3,44/5 didm (bidu dd 2) Cic bidu dd 1, va cho thiy phan bd chuan leeh bin vd ben phii Tuy vin nim thang didm d mtte kha, ky nang sing tao phu hop cd gia tri thip nhai so vdi hai td Didu phan anh thue te la ngUdi lao dpng cd thd lam viee rit say sua vdi dpng cP npi sinh manh me va ed kidn thtte vd linh vuc chuyen mPn kha tdt nhung tri tudng tupng, nang lire tu phi logic va s i dung phin doan true giie khPng cao nhu hai td kien thtte va dpng co Mean = 74 Std Dev, =0,591 N = 1,214 Bieu dd 3: Dpng ea npi sinh •••V • 1 1 00 00 "W Mean = 77 Std Dev = 534 N = 1,214 Bieu 4: Tinh sdng lao cd nhdn cita ngudi lao dpng TAP CHI'TAM L t HOC, So (167), - 2013 Tinh sing tao cia ci nhan ngttdi lao dpng dupe phan inh bidu dd la ket qua tdng hop cua ba thinh td ciu thanh, dupe danh gii d mtte kha vdi 3,77/5 diem Didu cho thiy ngudn nhan lite eua doanh nghiep cd tinh sang lao kha eao Cae doanh nghipp cd phit huy dupe tinh sang tao cia ngu6i lao dpng hay khPng phu thupc vio viec tao biu khong lao dpng phu hpp, tin ludng, khuydn khich cac y tudng cai lien, ddi mdi Tdm lid, ti'nh sang tao cua ci nhan ngttdi lao dpng dttpc khao sat 30 doanh nghiPp cd kdl qua kinh doanh tdt dat d mtte kha Thanh td ky nang chuyen mon phu hpp va dpng co ndi sinh dupe danh gia cao hon td ky nang sang tao phu hop luy ring ci ba ddu dupe danh gii khung diem Ket qui dat nhiem vu tang cudng nang lire sing tao ca nhan tap trung vao phuang phap lam viee sing lao 3.2 Phdn tich ke't qud ve tinh sdng tgo cda to chdc cdc doanh nghiep duac khdo sdt Nhu da xac dinh d trCn, linh sang tao cia tri ehttc bao gdm td ca'u thanh: cac sin pham va eae y tudng sang tao dupe tao ra; cac hoat dPng cua nhdm hay td ehttc dupe tie'n hanh de tao y tudng va dua cac y tudng dd vao ap dung; va dpng ea sang tao cua nhdm va td ehttc Bieu dd 5: Sdn phdm sdng tgo ctia td chdc TAP CHI'TAM L? HOC, Sd (167), - 2013 Ke't qua khao sat phin inh bieu dd cho thay san pham sing tao cua td ehttc dupe dinh gii d mtte kha vdi 3,53/5 didm Nhttng quan sat d cac doanh nghiep eho tha'y san phim mdi, sang tao khPng chi thiy d nhttng ddi mdi, nang eip cPng nghe, dtta thi tru6ng nhttng san phim sing lao mi thiy d nhimg sang kidn eia ngu&i lao dpng, ngu&i quin ly eai lien cung cich quan ly, didu hanh Hiu hdt cac doanh nghiep ma nhdm nghien citu khao sit deu thay su ed mat cia tat ea cic loai hinh sin pham sang lao niy Dirih gia cac hoat dpng sang tao eua doanh nghiep, nguai tra ldi cho y kie'n vd cie dang boat dpng nhdm nhim tao y tudng mdi va cic dy an dua cac y tudng mdi vao ap dung dd lao san pham mdi, sang lao (bieu dd 6) Mean = 49 Std Dev, = 0,849 Bieu dd 6: Mue dp hogt dpng sdng tgo eua td chifc Thdng qua phdng va'n va khio sat, nhdm nghien cttu phat hien thay hau hdt cic doanh nghiep ddu lap cic nhdm dac nhiem phong ky thuat chiu trieh nhiem quin ly va chi dinh ngu&i dttng diu, mpt sd tru&ng hop ngu&i phu trach du in la phd giam ddc ky thuat Dpi vdi nhung du an ddi mdi quin ly, thong thudng giim ddc doanh nghipp la ngudi phu trach nhom ddi mdi Hoat dpng cia eac nhom du an cd y nghia rit quydt dinh den viec doanh nghiep cd cho d6i eac san pham sang tao hay cae qua trinh mdi duac hay khPng Dpng cd sang tao cia doanh nghiep (bidu dd 7) dupe tdng hop ttt cac yen td muc lieu dupe xac dinh ro rang, y nghia cia sang tao ddi vdi doanh nghiep de'n cae bidu hien cu thd eua biu khdng td ehttc khuye'n khich tap TAP CH(TAM LY HOC, So (167), - dttng y tudng mdi Khi gap gd ngu&i quin 1^ vi ngudi lao dpng d doanh nghiep, biu khdng dupe cim nhan mpt each ro ring 00 50 00 50 50 00 Bieu dd 7: Dpng ca sdng tgo cda td chitc Bieu 8: Tinh sdng tgo eua td chdc 10 TAPCHITAM LYHpC, Sd2 (167), - 2013 Tinh sang tao eua td ehttc dupe phin anh bidu dd la kei qua tdng hpp eua ye'u td ciu Mtte sang tao cia td ehttc dupe danh gia d mtte vdi 3,65/5 didm, dd dpng co sing tao dupe danh gia eao hdn ea, eae hoat dpng sing tao bi dinh gia thip nhit 3.3 Mdi quan he cda tinh sdng tao cd nhdn vd tinh sdng tgo ciia td chitc doanh nghiep Ti'nh sang tao cia ca nhan ngudi lao dpng va linh sang tao eia td ehttc cic doanh nghipp theo cau true via trinh bay cd mdi tudng quan thuan chat vdi r = 0,448 va mdi tuong quan ed y nghia vdi p < 0,01 Nhu vay, tang eu6ng ti'nh sing tao ca nhan vd co ban ed the hy vpng tang curing dupe tinh sang tao eia td ehttc Tuy nhiPn, ndu chi xem xet d ea'p dp san phim diu ra, mdi quan he sang tao ea nhan va sang tao td ehttc la tuong quan thuan nhung khong chat, r = 0,160 vdi y nghia p < 0,01 Trong dd neu xet mdi quan hp cia tinh sang tao eia td ehttc vdi ti'nh sang tiio ca nhan theo tttng yen td ca'u dupe phan tich d trPn thi mdi quan he cua cac td vdi tinh sing tao ca nhan va td ehttc chat han rit nhidu Vi du, mdi quan he cia tttng td eia tinh sang tao ca nhan (ky nang chuyPn mon phu hop, ky nang sang tao phu hpp va dpng co npi sinh) vrii tinh sang tao cia td ehttc dttpc phan anh mdi tuang quan thuan tuong ttng vdi r = 0,354; 0,341 va 0,422 Tuong tit nhu vay, mdi quan he cia titng td cua tinh sang tao cua td ehttc (dPng co sang tao, boat dpng sang tao) vdi tinh sang tao ea nhan la mdi tttdng quan thuan va chat, tuong ttng vdi r = 0,483 va r = 0,367 Nhu vay, ndu xet ri cap san pham thi sang tao eia ca nhan va sing tao cua td ehttc cd mdi quan he khpng chat che, nhung ne'u xet qua eae ydu i6 ciu lhanh khac nua thi moi quan he giua linh sang tao eua ci nhan ngttdi lao dpng va tinh sang lao cua td ehttc doanh nghiep Viet Nam la mdi quan he thuan, kha chat Dieu cd the ly giai ring tinh sang tao cua ca nhan chi cd the ddng grip vao tang curing tinh sang tao eua td ehttc thPng qua tac dPng cia eac yen mPi truring va hoat dpng cua td ehttc, nhttng khPng phii mpi tae dpng hay hoat dpng sang tao eri thd din den san pham sang tao dttpc Ket luan Viec xic dinh tinh sang tao ca nhan va linh sang tao cua td ehttc doanh nghiep khPng thd ehi dua vao diu (y tudng sang tao, sin pham va ket qui ddi mdi) ma phai linh ddn nhttng ydu td qua trinh, cac yeu td moi truring tao didu kien thuan loi cho eac y tudng va san pham sang tao xuat hien Mdi quan he giua ti'nh sang tao eua ca nhan ngurii lao dpng va tinh sang tao eua td ehttc doanh nghiep khPng phai la moi quan he tuydn tinh dpn thuin Dd tang curing tinh sang tao cia td ehttc, ngoai vipc tang cu&ng tinh sang tao cua ca nhan ngu&i lao dpng phai tang cu&ng cae dieu kien moi tru&ng, nhu lao dung biu khpng erii mri, tin ludng lin va tang curing su liinh dao theo TAP CHI TAM Lf HOC, Sd (167), - 2013 hudng tao ddng lire vi xiy dtmg kd hoach cho cic hoat ddng sing tao mrit eich cu thd vdi nhung mue tiPu vi dpng lire ro rang Chu thich (*) Bai viei la san phim ciia de tai "Nghien cifu linh sdng tgo ctia id chile doanh nghiep Viet Nam" Quy Phai tridn Khoa hpc va CPng nghe QuPc gia tai trp Tai lieu tham khau 1, Amabile T.M„ Social Psychology of Creativity: A Componential conceptiialization Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, tr 357 - 377, 1983 Amabile T.M, Creativity In conleM Update lo Ihe social psychology of creativity, Boulder, CO: Westview, 1996 Brow R.T Ctealivity What are to measure? Trong Glover J.A., Ronning R.R & Reynolds CR (Eds.), Handbook of Cicalivily , - 32 New York: Plenum Press 1989 Csikszentmihaiyi M., Crealiviiy: Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and Inventiim, NewYork: Paper Collins, 1996 Grant R.M Piospering in dynamically-competitive environment: Organizational capability as knowledge integration Organization Science (4) lr 375 - 387, 1996 Guilford J,P Creativdy, American Psychologist, 5, tr 444 - 454, 1950 Harrington D.M., The ecology of human creativity A psychological perspective, Trong Runco M.A & Albert R.S (Eds.), Theories of (Creativity, lr 143 - 169 1990 Osbom A., Applied imagination- Principles and procedures of creative ihinking New York: Scriber's, 1963 Shalley C.E., Gilson L.L & Blum T.C., Malehtng crealive requiremenis and the work environment- Effects of salisfaclion and intentions to leave Academy of Management Journal, 43, tr 215 - 223 2000 10 Shalley CE & Zhou J., Organizational Creativity Reseatch: A Historical Overview, in Zhou J & Shalley C E (Eds.), Handbook of Organizational Creativity, New York: Taylor & Francis Group, 2008 11 Wallas G., The art of thought, London: Cape, 1926 12 Woodman R.W., Sawyer J.E & Griffin R W., Toward a theory of organizational creativity Academy of Management Review, vol 18 No 2, tr 291 - 321, 1993 12 TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, Sd (167), 2-2013 ... can bp quan ly 30 doanh nghiep lam viec cac linh vuc san xuat, kinh doanh va dich vu ddng tren dia ban tinh, phd: Ha Npi, Vinh Phuc, phd Hd Chi Minh va Ddng Nai cd ket qua kinh doanh tdt tri l&i... chieu eanh nhu da trinh bay d trCn Trong thuc te tim hieu tinh sang lao eua td ehttc, theo Brow (1989), Harrington (1990), Woodman va ddng nghiep (1993), ciin phai nam duoc (a) qua Irinh sang tao,... nha't dinh va phin tich kdt qua danh gia thirc tidn ti'nh sang tao cia ca nhan vk td chiic doanh nghiSp Viet Nam Tinh sang tao cua ca nhan Cac nha tam ly hpc xem xet sang tao theo nhttng chieu canh