THAI DO CUA THANH NIEN DO! VOI CHUAN MUC PHAP LUAT GIAO THONG DUONG BO Nghiem Oinh Oat Truimg Ddo tao cdn hd [^ Hong Phong, thdnh phd Hd Ndi T O M TAT Thanh nien duac khao sdt chira the hien thai dd lich circ ddi vdi mdt sd quy dinh cua chudn mirc phdp ludt giao thdng duimg bd Ho cd thai khdng ddng linh nhdt ddi vdi quy dinh ve cdm su dung dien thogi vd thih hi dm ihanh (trir thiet hi tig thinh) ldi xe mil to Cd su khdc bii't cd y nghia thdng ke ve thdi so sdnh theo bien sr gidi tinh, khu nrc nghe nghiep kinh nghi('m a mgt sd quy dtnh cua chudn niirc phdp ludt giao thdng dudng bd Theo nir gidi cd thai ddng tinh cao han nam gidi; nien a ngi thdnh cd thdi ddng linh coo han ngoai thdnh; nien cdng chirc cd thai dd ddng linh cao han nien sinh vien vd men o khu ddn cu; nien dd lirng hi tai nan giao thdng cd xu hudng ddng tinh cao han nien chua tirng hi lat nan giao thdng Tir khoa: Thanh men Thdi Chudn mirc phdp ludt; Giao thdng dudng bg Ngdy nhdn hdi: 8/1/2017; Xgiiy duyet ddng hdi: 25/1/2017, ABSTRACT Surveyed young people did not show positive altitudes towards some of road traffic legal norms Most of them disagreed with the regulations for using mobile phones and audio devices (excluding hearings aids) when riding motorcycle There are statistically significant differences in attUudes toward road traffic legal norms between different groups regarding sex place of residence, occupations, and experience, Re.suhs show that women tend to agree with road traffic regulations more than men voung people living in inner city more than young people in the suburbs; young officials more than students and unemployed youth and young people victims of traffic accidents more than young people who have not experienced traffic accident Keywords: Youngpeople, Attitude; Legal Norms Road traffit TAPCHITAMLyHOC, S' khong thich tan ha> khong tan ung ho hay khong iing ho dong > ha\ khong d6ng y va mang tinh chu the ro rCn Thanh nien muon thirc hien hanh \i tham gia giao thong ducmg bg theo dung quy djnh ciia chuan muc phap luat giao thong duong bo ban than hp phai nhan thuc day dii nhurng quy dinh Dong thoi hp bleu thj thai dp dong linh hay khong dong tinh doi vdi nhung qu\' djnh ciia chuan muc giao ihong ducmg bp ma hp nhan thuc Neu nien co nhan thuc diing thai dp dung doi \ di cac quy djnh ciia chuan muc phap luat giao thong dudng bp hp se thuc hicn hanh vi chuan muc iham gia giao thong Hai viel na\ de cap den thirc trang thai dp ciia nien Ila Npi doi \di cac chuan muc phap luat giao thong ducmg bp thong qua mot so npi dung: (1) ITiai dp ciia nien ddi \di quy djnh dpi mu bao hiem doi \di ngudi ngoi tren xc mo to; (2) Thai dp cua nien dcii vdi quy dinh \ c toe dc) cho phep; (3) Thai dp ciia nien doi vdi quy djnh cam sir dung dicn thoai thict bi am (tru thicl bj trp thinh) lai \c mo to; (4) Thai dp eiia nien doi vtri quy dinh \c \icc chap hanh tin hicu den giao thong: (5) Tliai ciia ihanh nien dui vdi quy djnh \ c vice chuyen hudng \c Khach Ihc \ a phircrng phap nghien ciru 2.1 Khdch the nghien ciru Nghien euu lua ehpn mau theo lal cat ngang tren 458 nien tCr 18 den 30 luni thudng xuyen lai xe mo to tren dia ban I !a Noi 2.2 Phtrrmg phdp nghien ciru De nghien euu thai dti ciia ihanh nien doi vdi mot so qu\ djnh ciia chuan muc phap luat giao thong dudng bp ehting tol su dung phuang phap khao sat bang bang hoi de ihu thap du lieu djnh lupng; phucmg phap phting van sau thao luan nhom nho de xay dung co sd diJ lieu djnh linh \'iec ket htrp cac nguon dii lieu na\ se gcSp phan nang eao chat lupng kei qua nghien cdu Ihang thai dp cua nien doi vcVJ eac ehuan muc phap luat giao thong dudng bo dupc thiCn kd bao gdm 17 menh dd Moi menh dd dupc danh gia theo thang Likcrt muc dp (lir - hoan loan khong dimg linh den - hoan loan dong tinh) Dicm trung binh ehung ciia thang va ticu thang du D"-'" trung binh lir tren 3,90 den 5,0 3, Ket qua nghien ciru 3.1 Thdi dp ctia nien ddi v&i quy dinh doi md bdo hiem dot virt ngirdi ngoi tren xe mo to So lieu a bang cho lhi>, thai cua nien d6i \ cVi quy dinh dpi mu bao hiam or miie trung binh (DTB = 3.18) Co sir khac Iron^ thai dp cua nien ddi vcri nhiJng qii\ dinh cu tha VL- dpi tuu bao hiam cr tan suat % va diem trung binh Kat qua phan tich phutmg sai Anova va T-test \ oi mile > nghTa 9')°» cho thjy, khong co su khac biet co y nghla \c thai dp doi \iVi quy djnh dpi iriu bao hiam so sanh theo bian s6 gicri tinh nhung co su khac biet co y nghTa so sanh theo bian s6 khu \\fc sinh s6ng, ngha nghiep Theo do, nien (V not co mirc dp d6ng tinh cao hon nian o ngoai thanh; nien cong chirc CO mirc dp dong tinh cao htm nian sinh \ ien va nian a khu dan cu Bdng I: Mite ddng linh ciia nien doi vol quy dinh doi mii bdo hiem Mirc dong (inh (%) Hoan toan khong dong tinh Khong dong tinh Binh thu-trng Dong tinh Hoan toan dong tinh Dicm Do trung lech binh chuan TT Quy dinh DOi mu bao hiem la bat bugc 0,00 1,53 81,44 17,03 0,00 3,16 0,40 Mu bao hiem phai dam bao quy chuan chat lugng 0,00 1,53 79,26 19,21 0,00 3,18 0,42 Dpi mii bao hiem phai cai quai dung qu> each 0,00 1,53 76,42 22,05 0,00 3,21 n.44 3,18 0,40 Chung TAPCHITAMLVHOC,,% (215), - 2017 Vii-c quv djnh bat buoc dpi mu bao hiem dat chuan va cai quai diing qu\ each nham dam bao cho ngutri ngdi Iran xe mo to giam thieu dupc rtji ro thuong vt,ng xay tai nan giao thong, Tuy nhien, ket qua phong van sau x a thao luan^nhom nho cho thay mpt s6 nien ca nam \ a nir co thai dp chira diing dan cho ring: khong nen quy djnh cit ngoi tren xe mo to la phai dpi mu bao hiam Bai nhidu chi di co mpt doan rat ngan lai dutmg lang ngo xtim hoac nhirng trcri nong nirc, dpi mu rat bat ticn [3o \ a\ hp dpi iuu chu > eu la sp bj CO quan churc nang xir phat So khac thi cho rang, \ iec dpi inij bao hiem phai dat chu5n chSl lugng nhung di mua rat kho phan biet that - gia, mu kem chSt lutmg va mu dat chuSn chjt lutmg, cit thich mii nao thi hp mua inu Theo nian dugc khao sat, vice kidm scat ehat lugng mu la xii-c eiia quan 1\ Nha nutrc, chir khong phai la hp 3.2 Thdi dp eda Ihanh nien ddi voi quy dinh ve too dp cho phep Thai dp chung ctia nian dugc khao sat doi vtJi qu\ dinh \ c toe dp cho phap muc trung binh (DTB = 3,25) Khting co su khae bict nhicu thai dp eua nian doi \ tVi cac quy djnh \'c toe dp cho phep tr tan suat % \ a dicm trung binh Bdng 2: Mirc dong tinb cita nien dot vin quy dinh ve tdc dp cho phep M i i c d-'" • nghTa \e thai dp doi \ iVi quy djnh va tPC cho phep so sanh iheo hien so ngha nghiep nhtmg eo su khac biet co y nghta so sanh theo khu vitc sin song (thanh nien npi co mirc dp dong tinh eao hon nien tr ngoai thanh), so sanh theo gioi tinh (nir gitiri eo mire dp dong tinh cao htm nam gu")so sanh theo kinh nghiem tai nan (thanh nian da tirng hi tai nan eo inirc dong tinh cao hem nien chua timg bj tai nan) Nhieu nghien ciru \c Tam ly hoe giao thong ehi rang, lai xc toe dp cao CO sir Iian quan den nhiau tai nan giao thong nghiem trpng va dugc ci)i la hanh vi co tinh nii ro cao ciia ngucri tham gia giao thong, ca tti \ li xe mo to, Kat qua U-an cho thdy, thai dp ctia mot s6 nien d6i voi quy djnh ve toe dp eho phep la chua diing dan Khi tra liri phong van sau va thao luan nhom nhii, mpt s6 nien eho rang, a npi I !a Npi, phan lgn la dutmg co luu lugng phutmg tien Ion, khong co quy djnh gigi han toe dp toi da thi cung chang di nhanh dugc Con a ngoai thanh, dutmg thoang, xc tot, tam nhin tot nhung nhiau lai dat bian gicri ban t6c dp rat thap hpSc khoang each tir ncri dat bien gicri ban toe dp toi da cao dan noi dat bian gicri ban toe dp toi da thap lai gan den mirc nguai lai xc phai phanh gap neu inuon thue hien nghiam ehinh quy djnh ghi Iran bian bao Khi do, rat dc xay \ a chaiu giira phucmg ticn di sau voi phucmg tien di truoc hoac ga\ liing tiing, tai nan nau lai xe khong lam chu dugc phuong tien, 3.3 Thai dp eda nien diii v&i quy dinh cdm sir dtmg dien llioai, thiet bi tim (trir thiet hi tro thinh) Idi ve mo to Thai eiia nian doi vcri quy djnh ve cam su dung dien thoai, thiet hi am (trir thiat bj trg thinh) lai xe mo to o mirc dp rat thap (DTB = 1,82), Ket qua phan tich thong ke suy luan cho thay, khong eo su khac biet co y nghTa ve thai dp doi vdi quy djnh va cam sir dung dicn thoai, thiat bj am (trir thiat bj trg thinh) so sanh theo ngha nghiep nhimg co sir khac bict eo y nghTa so sanh theo gitji tinh (nO giai co mirc dp d6ng tinh cao horn nam gitVi), so sanh theo khu vuc (thanh nian cr npi cp mirc dSng tinh cao ban nian or ngoai thatih), so sanh theo kinh nghiem tai nan (thanh nien da tirng bj tai nan co mirc dp dong tinh cao hgn nian ehua timg bj tai nan), Hien nay, sir phat Irian eua internet, dien thoai thong minh, thiat bj am va nhirng dich \u kem theo da taa nen sir thay doi to liin doi vtJi the gidi, dem lai nhiau Igi ieh nhung cung co khong it tac hai doi vdi eon nguiri, CO vice sir dung dicn thoai va thiat bj am (trir thiat bj trg thinh) lai xe Dicu cd tha lam eho lai xe giam tap trung chii y giam kha nSng dieu khian phuomg tien va phan xa tinh hudng bat ngd xay Iran dirimg Vi tha 94 TAPCHITAMLVHOC, Sd'2 (215), 2-201 chuSn muc phap luat giao thdng dudng bd nudc ta quy djnh ngudi dicu khien \c CO gidi irong dd cd xe md td, khong dugc sir dung dien thoai \a thiat bj am (trir thiat bj trg thinh) lai xe Bdng 3: Mirc dp dong tinh cita nien doi v&i quy dinh cam sir dung dien thoai, thiet bi am (trir thiet bi tret thinh) ldi xe mo to M i r c dong l i n h (%) TT Quy dinh Hoan loan khong dong tinh Cam sir di^g d i ^ tho^ didpng 0.00 70,31 23.14 Cam sis dung thift bi am ihanh trir t h i ^ bj titT thinh 72,93 27.07 0.00 Hoan loan dong tinh Dicm Do Irung lech binh chuan 5.68 0.87 2.37 0.63 0.00 0.00 1.27 0.45 1,82 0,46 Khong dong tinh Binh Ihu-ong Dong tinh Chung Tuy nhien, sd lieu Iran cho thay, da sd nian cd thai dp chua diing dan, khdng ddng tinh \ di quy djnh cam sii dung dicn thoai va nhat la thicl bj am (trir thict bj trg thinh) ddi vdi ngudi dicu khian xc md td tham gia giao thdng, Kat qua nghien eiru eho tha\', nhiau nian, nhat la nam gitii cho rang, minh hoan loan cd the vira lai xe bang mdt ta\ \ira nghe dian thoai Nhieu nam \ il nii nian cho rang, deo tai nghe hoan loan khdng anh hutVng dan vii-c tham gia giao thdng ciia hp, tham chi giiip hp di xc vui \e, tinh tao htm Cd nien cho rang, chac \ iec sit dung dien thoai va thiat bi am (trir thiat hi trg thinh) lai xc khdng ga\ mat an loan giao thdng nan chua bao gid thjy canh sat giao thdng phat Idi na> 3.4 Thdi dp eda nien doi v&i quy dinh ve viec chdp hdnh tin hieu den giao thong Sd lieu tV bang cho thay, thai dp cua nian ddi vtVi quy djnh \c vice chap hanh tin hiau den giao thdng d mirc trung binh (DIB = 3,23), Khdng cd sir khac bict cd y nghla \c thai ddi vtVi quy iljnh vi \ii-t chap hanh lin hicu di-n giao thdng so sanh theo ngha nghiap nhung cd su khae bict cd y nghTa so sanh theo gidi tinh (nO gidi cd muc dp ddng linh cao htm nam gidi), so sanh theo khu \uc (thanh nien d ndi cd mite dp ddng tinh eao htm TAP CHf TAM LV HOC, Sd' (215), - 2017 95 nian d ngoai thanh), so sanh theo kinh nghiem tai nan (ihanh nien da timg b! "" nan cii muc dti ddng tinh cao htm nidn chua timg bj lai nan) Da cd nhidu nghian ciru chi rang, khdng chap hanh lin hieu den giao Ihdng, nhat la \ugt den dd la hanh \i cd tinh riii ro cao \a lien quan nhicu den lai nan giao thdng dutmg bd Iu\ nhian, sd lieu khao sal eua dc tai eho lha> nnicii nian chua ed thai dp tich cue ddi \di \icc chap hanh tin hieu den giao thdng Mgt sd nien eho rang, vice tang loc vugt den vang, tham chi \'ugt den dd ciia ngudi di xc md Id mdt sd tnrdng hgp la an loan him dirng lai bdi nhirng phuang lien phia sau, nhat la d td, dang phdng nhanh \a co xu huinig vi pham tin hicu den Y kien khac cho rang, nhiau \ j tri dat den dd cdn bat cap dan den iin tae giao thdng hoac ehi can dai bidn canh bao nguy hiani o giao Ip thay \ i dat den tin hicu d nhirng nai dudng ngoai khdng qua nhiau phuang tifn Dang chit \ la cd nidn cho rang, cd noi den khdng hian thj thdi gian dem ngugc, den chuyan tir tin hicu den xanh dan den vang \a den dd rat nhanh, hp khdng the chu ddng dirng xc theo quy djnh duiTc Bdng 4: Mice ddng tinh cua Ihanh nien doi voi quy dinh ve viec chdp hdnh lin hieu den giao thong Mirc df) dong l i n h { % ) IT Quy djnh \ c vice chap hanh tin hi^u den giao thong Tm hi?ii dcii \'aig: [iJiai dimg lai tnnx \ ; i i i ciinitL [lir kill clii di qua \adi diiT^ till dmx; di licp 0.00 17,25 52,18 26.86 3,71 3.17 0.75 Tin hkju dcii \tuig tiliap iilia\ dure tfi i^nnig phai giam tnc dui \ quan sii va i^wcing duoniiilKtit^'diiih 0.00 14.63 48,47 33.62 3,28 3.26 0.74 TinliicudcJido camdi 0.00 8.73 65.07 6.16 10.04 3.28 _0.76_ 3,23 Q,64 Chung 96 Hoan loan khong dong linh Khong dflng linh Binh Ih U'ong Dong tinh Hoan loan dong tinh Dicm Irung binh Do lech chuan TAP CHi TAM LV HOC, ,Sii (215) - 2017 3.S ThUiS c^ nien doi v&i quy dinh ve viec chuyen hir&ng xe Bang 5: Miic ddng linh ciia nien doi v&i quy dinh ve viec chuyen hir&ng xe TT Mux dong ttnh (%) Quy dioh ve viec chuyen hirong xe Hoan toan khong dong tinh Khong dong tinh Binh thiromg Dong tinh Hoan loan dong tinh Diem Do trung Ifch btnh chuan Khi chuyen hirdng xe phai CO tin hieu bao hucmg re 0,00 0,44 15,50 53,28 30,79 4,14 0,68 Khi chuyen hircmg xe phai giam toe 0,00 0,44 17,25 52,62 29,69 4,12 0,69 Khi chujen huong xe phai ntiimg duong dio phuong l i ^ \ a n^ioi di bp Iheo quy dinh 0,00 0,00 81,44 12.23 6,33 3,25 0,56 Chuyen hirdng xe phai dam beo a i loan va khong gay trd ng?i 0,00 0,66 81,66 12.23 5,46 3,22 0,55 Khong dugc quay iBu xe d phan dudng danh cho nguoi di bo qua dui^ 0,00 2,62 75,55 13,10 8,73 3,28 0,66 3,61 0,54 Chung ThAi dg cua nien ddi vdi quy djnh vd viec chuyan hudng xe d mirc dg trung binh (DTB = 3,61), Phan tich thdng ka su\ luan cho thiy, khdng ed s\f khae bi?t ed y nghTa vd thai dp ddi vdi quy djnh vc viec chuyen hudng so sanh theo nghe nghiep nhtmg cd sir khae biat cd y nghTa so sanh theo gidi linh (nO: gidi cd mtic dp ddng tinh cao horn nam gidi), so sanh theo khu vuc (thanh nian d npi cd miic dp ddng tinh cao htm nien d ngoai thanh), so sanh theo kinh nghiem tai nan (thanh nian da timg bi lai nan cd muc dp ddng tinh cao hgn dianh nien ehua timg bj tai nan) Chuyen hudng xe eung dugc chi la hanh vi cd tinh nil ro cao, nhSt la chuydn hudng dgt ngpt khdng cd lin hieu bao hudng re, chuydn hudng TAP CHl TAM LV HOC, S6 (215), - 2017 97 lai xe d idc dd cao, thieu quan sal \ ii khdng nhutmg dudmg cho cite phucmg He'" khac Chuan muc phap lual giao thdng duimg bd quy dinh kha chi liet \c t^ic budc chuydn huting xe dam bao an loan giao thdng \ a cd ehe tai xii phiit dot \ tn ngudi vi pham Thanh nidn cd thai tich cue vdi qu\ djnh "Khi chu\ en huting xc phai ed tin hieu bao hudng rc" va quy djnh "Khi ehuyen hudng xe phai guim loc dp Kdt qua phdng van sau va thao luan nhdm nhd cung cho thay, sd dT nhieu nidn cd thai dp ddng tinh cao vdi cae quy djnh trdn chuyan hudng xe la rat diing dan, bdi chuydn huting phai bat den xi-nhan bao hutrng rc de eac phucmg tien sau bicl, tranh dugc nil ro cho ban than \k ngudi khae: ngoai kht chuyan huting, ngudi lai xe khd didu khien hem di thang, nhicu doan cua khd quan sat nan can phai giam tdc dti dc dam bao an loan 4, Ket luan TTianh nien duge khao sat cd thai dp ehua tich cue ddi vtVi mpt sd tjuy djnh cua chuan mire phap lual giao thdng dutmg bg, Hg cd thai dp khdng ddng linh nhai ddi vdi quy djnh \e cam su dung dicn thoai va thiat bj am (Uxr thiat DJ U-g thinh) lai xe md Id, Cd su khac biet cd y nghTa thong kd va thai dt> so sanh theo bien sd gidi linh, khu \'ue, nghe nghiep, kinh nghiam lai nan d mot sd quy djnh eiia ehuan muc phap luat giao thpng dutmg bd Theo dd, nO" gidi cd thai dp ddng linh cao htm nam gitii; nidn d ngi cd thai ddng tinh cao htm d ngoai thanh: nidn cdng chiic cd thai dp ddng tinh cao hon nidn sinh vian \a nien d khu dan cu; nidn da timg bj lai nan giao thdng cd xu huting ddng tinli cao htm nien chua lirng bj tai nan Qua nghien cim nii\ ciing cho thay: Cac quy djnh cua chuan inuc phap lual giao thdng dutmg bd can nang cao hon linh chinh dang \ a phii hgp vdi thuc tidn Thudng xu\cii phd bidn, tuyan truyen, giao due chuan muc phap lual giao thdng dutmg bp dd nang cao nhan thirc, tir dd nang cao thai dt) cua ngudi dan ndi chung va nidn ndi ridng ve ly cJn phai chip hanh cac quy djnh dd Khi da dat qu\ djnh, can tang cudng edng tac tujn tra, kidm soat \a xir ly kjp Ihdi, nghiem minh, tao cho ngudi dan va nien tam ly, thdi quen chap hanh chuan muc phap luat giao Ihdng dudng bp Iham gia giao thdng Tiii lieu tham khao Ngo Van Nhan, Cao Minh Cdng (Chu bien), Phiing Thanh Thao, Gido ninh \V7 hpi hpc phdp ludt \xn Dai hoc Qudc gia, lla Ngi, 2015 2, Iluynh \'an Strn (Chit bien), ydn hna giao thdng Irong mdi Iruirng hnc W B Dai hgc Sir pham, I la \ d i , 2012 duimg TAPCHITAMLVHOC, ,S