HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH EDUCATION Theory, Research, and Practice 4TH EDITION KAREN GLANZ BARBARA K. RIMER K. VISWANATH Editors Foreword by C. Tracy Orleans Glanz.ffirs 7/2/08 11:22 AM Page iii Glanz.ffirs 7/2/08 11:22 AM Page ii HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH EDUCATION Glanz.ffirs 7/2/08 11:22 AM Page i Glanz.ffirs 7/2/08 11:22 AM Page ii HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH EDUCATION Theory, Research, and Practice 4TH EDITION KAREN GLANZ BARBARA K. RIMER K. VISWANATH Editors Foreword by C. Tracy Orleans Glanz.ffirs 7/2/08 11:22 AM Page iii Copyright © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. 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W 85 H43415 2008] RA776.9.H434 2008 613—dc22 2008021038 Printed in the United States of America FOURTH EDITION HB Printing 10987654321 Glanz.ffirs 7/2/08 11:22 AM Page iv CONTENTS Foreword xiii C. Tracy Orleans Tables and Figures xvii Preface xxi The Editors xxvii The Contributors xxxi PART ONE: HEALTH EDUCATION AND HEALTH BEHAVIOR: THE FOUNDATIONS 1 ONE: THE SCOPE OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH EDUCATION 3 The Editors Key Points 3 The Changing Context of Health Behavior 6 Health Education and Health Behavior in Context 9 Settings and Audiences for Health Education 12 Progress in Health Promotion and Health Behavior Research 16 Summary 18 TWO: THEORY, RESEARCH, AND PRACTICE IN HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH EDUCATION 23 The Editors Key Points 23 Theory, Research, and Practice: Interrelations 24 What Is Theory? 26 Paradigms for Theory and Research in Health Promotion and Education 29 Trends in Use of Health Behavior Theories and Models 31 Selection of Theories for This Book 33 Fitting a Theory or Theories to Research and Practice 35 Limitations of This Book 37 Summary 38 Glanz.ftoc 7/2/08 11:23 AM Page v vi Contents PART TWO: MODELS OF INDIVIDUAL HEALTH BEHAVIOR 41 Barbara K. Rimer THREE: THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL 45 Victoria L. Champion and Celette Sugg Skinner Key Points 45 Origins of the Model 46 Description of HBM and Key Constructs 46 Evidence for the Model’s Performance 50 Measurement of HBM Constructs 51 Applications of the HBM to Mammography and AIDS-Related Behaviors 53 Comparison of HBM to Other Theories 60 Challenges in Future HBM Research 61 Summary 62 FOUR: THEORY OF REASONED ACTION, THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR, AND THE INTEGRATED BEHAVIORAL MODEL 67 Daniel E. Montaño and Danuta Kasprzyk Key Points 67 Origins and Historical Development 68 Theory of Reasoned Action and Theory of Planned Behavior 70 An Integrated Behavioral Model 77 Elicitation 82 Application of IBM to HIV Prevention in Zimbabwe 82 Summary 92 FIVE: THE TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL AND STAGES OF CHANGE 97 James O. Prochaska, Colleen A. Redding, and Kerry E. Evers Key Points 97 Core Constructs 98 Applications of the Transtheoretical Model 108 Multiple-Behavior Change Programs 114 Limitations of the Model 116 Future Research 116 Summary 117 Glanz.ftoc 7/2/08 11:23 AM Page vi Contents vii SIX: THE PRECAUTION ADOPTION PROCESS MODEL 123 Neil D. Weinstein, Peter M. Sandman, and Susan J. Blalock Key Points 123 How Stage Theories Address Explaining and Changing Behavior 124 The Precaution Adoption Process Model 126 Using the PAPM to Develop and Evaluate Behavior Change Interventions 131 How Stage Theories Can Be Tested 134 An Example Using Matched and Mismatched Treatments 134 Review of Research Using the PAPM 140 Criteria for Applying Stage-Based Interventions 143 Future Directions 145 Summary 145 SEVEN: PERSPECTIVES ON HEALTH BEHAVIOR THEORIES THAT FOCUS ON INDIVIDUALS 149 Noel T. Brewer and Barbara K. Rimer Key Points 149 Why Theory Is Needed 150 How to Decide Which Theory to Use 151 A Closer Look at Individual-Level Theories 152 Commonalities and Differences Across the Theories 157 New Constructs and Theories 160 Summary 162 PART THREE: MODELS OF INTERPERSONAL HEALTH BEHAVIOR 167 EIGHT: HOW INDIVIDUALS, ENVIRONMENTS, AND HEALTH BEHAVIORS INTERACT: SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY 169 Alfred L. McAlister, Cheryl L. Perry, and Guy S. Parcel Key Points 169 Concepts of SCT 170 Applications to Health Promotion 175 Case Studies 178 New Applications 182 Limitations in Research on New SCT Applications 184 Summary 185 Glanz.ftoc 7/2/08 11:23 AM Page vii viii Contents NINE: SOCIAL NETWORKS AND SOCIAL SUPPORT 189 Catherine A. Heaney and Barbara A. Israel Key Points 189 Definitions and Terminology 189 Background of the Concepts 192 Relationship of Social Networks and Social Support to Health 193 Empirical Evidence on the Influence of Social Relationships 195 Translating Theory and Research into Practice 197 Social Network and Social Support Interventions 199 Health Education and Health Behavior Applications 203 Future Directions for Research and Practice 206 Summary 207 TEN: STRESS, COPING, AND HEALTH BEHAVIOR 211 Karen Glanz and Marc D. Schwartz Key Points 211 Historical Concepts of Health, Stress, and Coping 212 The Transactional Model of Stress and Coping: Overview, Key Constructs, and Empirical Support 213 Theoretical Extensions 220 Applications to Specific Health Behavior Research Areas 226 Research Gaps and Future Directions 229 Summary 230 ELEVEN: KEY INTERPERSONAL FUNCTIONS AND HEALTH OUTCOMES: LESSONS FROM THEORY AND RESEARCH ON CLINICIAN-PATIENT COMMUNICATION 237 Richard L. Street Jr. and Ronald M. Epstein Key Points 237 Communication Between Health Care Providers and Patients: Historical Perspective 239 Pathways Between Clinician-Patient Communication and Health Outcomes 239 Key Functions of Clinician-Patient Communication 245 Moderators of Communication-Outcome Relationships 255 Clinician-Patient Communication: Application in Health Education and Health Behavior 261 Directions for Future Research Summary 263 Glanz.ftoc 7/2/08 11:23 AM Page viii [...]... theory The first edition of Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice, published in 1990, was the first text to provide an in-depth analysis of a variety of theories of health behavior relevant to health education in a single volume It brought together dominant health behavior theories, research based on those theories, and examples of health education practice derived from theory... of this and previous editions of Health Behavior and Health Education—that a dynamic exchange between theory, research, and practice is critical to effective health education and promotion Just as previous editions of Health Behavior and Health Education have provided essential stewardship for many of the advances described here, this fourth edition will help us navigate the new frontiers and challenges... in health behavior and education We have sought to show how theory, research, and practice interrelate and to make each accessible and practical In this edition we have attempted to respond to changes in the science and practice of public health and health promotion, and to update the coverage of these areas in a rapidly evolving field Substantial efforts have been taken to present findings from health. .. components of theories of health behavior that are relevant to health education, (2) evaluating current applications of these theories in selected health promotion programs and interventions, and (3) identifying important future directions for research and practice in health promotion and health education The fourth edition responds to new developments in health behavior theory and the application of theory... are of broad and growing importance across many theories and models AUDIENCE Health Behavior and Health Education speaks to graduate students, practitioners, and scientists who spend part or all of their time in the broad arenas of health behavior change, health promotion, and health education; the text will help them both understand the theories and apply them in practical settings Practitioners, as... evaluation and research The second (1996) and third (2002) editions of Health Behavior and Health Education updated and improved on the earlier volume People around the world are using this book, and it has been translated into multiple languages, including recent Japanese and Korean editions It has been over five years since the release of the third edition; the fourth edition of Health Behavior and Health. .. of Health Education at Temple University in Philadelphia She received her M.P.H (1977) and Ph.D (1979) degrees in health behavior and health education from the University of Michigan Glanz’s research and academic interests have been in the area of health behavior change program development and evaluation, community nutrition environments, cancer prevention and control, ethnic differences in health behavior, ... than their parents, and the spreading epidemic of obesity among children and adults threatens staggering global health and economic tolls The four leading behavioral risks factors and a great many others (for example, nonadherence to prescribed medical screening and prevention and disease management practices, risky sexual practices, drug use, family and gun violence, worksite and motor vehicle injuries)... of health behavior and education practice: the individual, the interpersonal or group level, and the community or aggregate level Each of these parts has several chapters, and ends with a perspectives chapter that synthesizes the preceding chapters Part Two focuses on theories of individual health behavior, and its chapters focus on variables within individuals that influence their health behavior and. .. theories and models have been codified, tested, and supported by empirical evidence Of necessity, some promising emerging theories were not included The first three editions of Health Behavior and Health Education grew out of the editors’ own experiences, frustrations, and needs, as well as their desire to synthesize the diverse literatures and to draw clearly the linkages between theory, research, and practice . and Audiences for Health Education 12 Progress in Health Promotion and Health Behavior Research 16 Summary 18 TWO: THEORY, RESEARCH, AND PRACTICE IN HEALTH. SCOPE OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH EDUCATION 3 The Editors Key Points 3 The Changing Context of Health Behavior 6 Health Education and Health Behavior