duyen hai 11 2022 dap an

HỘI CÁC TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN KÌ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI NĂM HỌC 2021-2022 VÙNG DUYÊN HẢI VÀ ĐỒNG BẰNG BẮC BỘ MÔN THI: TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN HOÀNG VĂN THỤ - Ngày thi: 15 tháng năm 2022 HỊA BÌNH Thời gian làm bài: 180 phút - (không kể thời gian giao đề) ĐỀ THI ĐỀ XUẤT (Đề thi gồm … trang) KEY I LISTENING Part Listen and decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F) 1F 2T 3T 4F 5F Part You will hear a radio programme about Bio-mimicry, the science of copying nature in order to create new technologies Listen and complete the notes below Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS and/or A NUMBER seed heads hold nails harvest moisture waxy finish worms Part 3: You will hear part of a radio programme about journalists who interview famous people Choose the answer which fits best according to what you hear c a d b d Part 4: Listen to a piece of news about the loss of rainforests and complete the summary below Write no more than three words or a number commercial use 25% / a quarter of / 1/4 medical compounds herbal remedies / medicines carbon sinks rising sea levels wars/disputes exploitation reduce poverty 10 alternative vegetable oils B LEXICO-GRAMMAR Part Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences *Grammar Page of 10 * Grammar 1C 2B 3A 4B 5C *VOCABULARY 1A 2B 3C 4D 5D 6A 7B 8D 9C 10A 11D 12A 13D 14B 15B Part Give the correct form of the words in the brackets eventuality futuristic impassable intoxicated publicize impartiality 7.multiracial Miscalculation commemorate 10 unendurable C READING Part 1: Read the following passage Fill each blank with ONE suitable word individualists slaves afford trends trendy dictate fashion ornaments follow 10 conformists Part Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each question D C C B A C B C C 10 A Part Answer the questions 1-13, which are based on reading passage below Part C B A D A D B C FALSE 10 NOT GIVEN 11 TRUE 12 FALSE 13 A Part 4: You are going to read an article from The Economist Seven paragraphs have been removed from the article Choose from the paragraphs A – H the one which fits each gap (1 – 7) There is one extra paragraph which you not need to use Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided 1G 2A 3C 4F 5H 6E 7B Task 5: Read the passage and choose the destination from A – E Each destination may be chosen more than once 1A 2D 3A 4A 5E 6C 7&8: C&E 9&10: B&D D WRITING Part Writing a summary Part Chart describing Page of 10 Completion: pts Content: pts - Cover the main information in the chart yet not go into too many details - Make general remarks and effective comparisons Organisation: pts - The ideas are well organized - The description is sensibly divided into paragraphs Language: 4pts - Use a wide range of vocabulary and structure - Good grammar Punctuation and spelling: pt Part 3: Content: (40%) - Providing all main ideas and details as required - Communicating intentions sufficiently and effectively Language: (40%) - Organization and Presentation: (20%) - Demonstration of a variety of vocabulary and structures appropriate to the level of English language gifted upper-secondary school students Good use and control of grammatical structures Good punctuation and no spelling mistakes Legible handwriting Ideas are well organized and presented with coherence, cohesion, and clarity The essay is well-structured TAPESCRIPT Part Good morning again, ladies and gentlemen, and in case you’ve forgotten, my name is Dr North from the Marine Habitat Research Unit at the University and I’m going to continue from the lecture that I gave a fortnight ago on humankind’s relationship with the sea from a historical point of view and also on attitudes to different types of fishing In today’s talk, I would like to focus on the current problems in the fishing industry in Europe and, in particular, the present scarcity of marine fish As with the last lecture, I have placed a book list, a few relevant articles and a copy of this lecture on the department website Page of 10 A statistic to begin with Since the 1970s, stocks of the most heavily fished species have fallen on average by 90% And why has this happened? Well, there is a chain of events which begins with the demographic changes that have taken place in the world over the last century During this time, the world population has grown at a phenomenal rate with efficient and heavy fishing, which is technology-driven, meeting the increasing demands for food As a consequence, many fishing stocks in the European waters from the Atlantic to the North Sea and the Mediterranean are now on the verge of collapse But the problem is not restricted to European waters It’s a situation that is all too clear all around the world Fish stocks in the Pacific Ocean, for example, are now on the verge of collapse due to a combination of overfishing and natural changes in ocean ecology And there’s another reason behind the increased demand for fish and that is the changes in the eating patterns of different countries Certain countries have a long tradition of fishing, for example, the southern European countries, but eating patterns have changed in countries like the United Kingdom, where fish was once considered as food for the poor rather than the rich People have been turning to fish as a cheap and healthy alternative to meat, driving up demand and depleting stocks Food scares like BSE and foot-and-mouth disease have also driven people away from eating meat, which again is invariably replaced by fish PART Architecture, chemical processes, material sciences – all these faculties are beginning to be touched by ideas which are inspired by nature Where in, the past, man’s inventions have been considered all-powerful, engineers are now turning to nature, over the last 3.8 billion years, has developed a wealth of successful innovations So, over the last decade there has been a new wave of scientific interest in Biomimicry, measures which emulate nature’s genius And we are not restricted to copying the structures found in nature We can also imitate its processes and its systems One of the most famous products inspired by nature is the sticky fastening, Velcro, invented in 1941 by the Swiss engineer George de Mestral, who noticed how the seed heads of burdock got tangled in his clothes and his dog’s coat Meanwhile, engineers at the Centre of Biomimetics at Reading University, have developed a Page of 10 material based on the properties of wood One of the reasons why wood is so useful to us is that its ability hold nails when they are driven into it This property is down to the structure of hollow cells, and fibres which hold the nail in place The new material uses equivalent fibres made of glass fibres, and resin to hold everything in place The result is a material with the same geometric arrangement as wood, but which has none of the disadvantages of wood – that it changes shape according to moisture levels and temperature The substitute wood has been developed for the post office They wanted a container which could contain threatening packages, directing the blast safely and holding any explosive fragments But the second realm of Bio-mimetic is imitating not the just physical form of natural substances, but also the processes that take place in nature A perfect example of this is the Sahara Forest Project, which has utilised a processed used by the Namibian Fog Basking Beetle This beetle is able to live in very harsh, desert conditions using its ability to harvest moisture from the air The beetle comes out into the desert only at night and, due to its black shell, is able to maintain a temperature cooler than that of its surroundings The moist breeze blows in from the sea, and droplets of water condense on the beetles shell At sunrise, the beetle lifts its shell, drinks and returns to its hole What is even more interesting is that the beetle has hydrophilic bumps on its shell which attract water, separated by a waxy finish which repels water Consequently, the water gathers in tight, spherical droplets, so that hardly any water is wasted The Sahara Forest Project uses a process which is, in effect, identical to that of the beetle Seawater evaporates from the front wall of the greenhouse to create ideal cool growing conditions, and condenses to form fresh water on the downwind side of the greenhouse However, just mimicking the structure and processes in nature is not enough, if, in doing so, we create tones of waste Human designs are linear We take resources from the earth, use what we need, and the rest goes to waste But in the natural world, systems are cyclical Waste from one organism goes on to become nutrients for another One scheme which has taken advantage of nature’s cyclical design is ‘the Able Project’ based in Wakefield, Yorkshire Here, everything is recycled and reintegrated into the system Consequently the project is able to turn cardboard into Page of 10 caviar The cardboard is used as animal bedding, and is then composted using vermiculture The worms are then used to feed fish Excrement from the fish is collected and recycled into the system The age of Biometry is still in its infancy The novel and yet proven ideas which are inspired by nature are attractive to industries But we need to be careful As we lose more animal habitats to development, extinction rates are increasing And with this we lose the wisdom and ideas embodied in these species Already, we’ve seen the loss of the Gastric Brooding Frog, an animal able to turn off its production of stomach acid Had we been able to study this animal before its demise, we could have found a way to alleviate the problems experienced by many sufferers of excess stomach acid Part Presenter: Journalism has become a subject for serious study, judging by the number of schools and colleges offering courses and degrees in media studies Students now write theses on the Art of Interviewing We are in something of a mini golden age for the Celebrity Interview Just open any British paper or magazine In Britain, almost every paper has its star interviewer The bylines are big, the space generous and the remuneration handsome Rival papers try to lure away star interviewers, the way they once fought over the Big Columnist or the Voice of Sport, knowing that a good interview, with a good name, sells papers But who are these interviewers and how they it? I spoke first to Lynn Barber, who’s been interviewing famous people, or FPs, for many years for a variety of national newspapers Lynn Barber: Left to myself, I tend to choose interviewees who are male, older than myself and difficult I don’t mind if they are vain, egotistical or badly behaved I avoid nice, sane, straightforward people My best subjects are the last people on earth you would want to meet at a dinner party I usually start with a clever, complicated question like ‘You said in one paper in 1996 blah blah blah, whereas you told a magazine in 1998 blah blah blah.’ This is to let them see that I've done my homework, that I’ve made an effort and so should they, and that I won’t be fobbed off with old answers Then I might go Page of 10 on to some soft questions about childhood, finishing with a few more provocative observations, carefully worded, such as ‘It seems to me you are very arrogant’, just to get them going Presenter: For Zoe Heller, each interview is a week’s work ZoeHeller: It does look like a breeze, interviewing one person and taking a week over it I’ve got faster, but I still write very slowly I don’t know how people manage without a tape recorder I couldn’t it You couldn’t possibly get their exact words I often send them one of my previous pieces in advance, showing them what they’re in for, what they can expect If they agree to see me, I expect them to play the game There always is a dilemma I fret about upsetting people but at the same time I want to describe them honestly Quite a few people have been upset I wouldn’t be interviewed by me Or by anyone God, no I spend a whole week persuading someone to something that I wouldn’t myself in a month of Sundays Presenter: Angela Lambert, a very experienced interviewer, doesn’t use a tape recorder, she makes notes in longhand during the interview Angela Lambert: When I arrive, I usually explain that everything that happens belongs to me, though if they say something is off the record, I won’t write it down If they are nervous, I’ll say, ‘Look, trust me, otherwise you won’t enjoy it and I won’t enjoy it If you’re really nervous, I’ll abandon it.’ I have no hidden agenda If of course they behave badly, and are beastly, I’ll write that down At the end, I say if they have any regrets, then say it now They hardly ever take anything back, except trivial things, such as perhaps ‘Don’t mention my brother’ A great many interviewees mistake intimacy for real friendship There is reciprocal warmth, which can be very embarrassing, as I’m highly unlikely to see them again If you are doing an ordinary human interest story, I know that my sympathy will stop the moment the interview is over They don’t realize that, but I feel guilty If it’s a so-called celebrity interview, then that doesn’t matter I don’t feel guilty They know the ropes Page of 10 Presenter: Ray Connolly is one of the few male journalists rated by the women in the field Ray Connolly: As for my approach, I try to tell a story, with a beginning, a middle and an end, in order to make it readable That’s why chat-show interviews are so poor The best bit might be in the first minute, or the last minute With a written interview, you can shape it to get the best effect If asked, I will let people see the interview, but I don’t offer In 30 years, I’ve had few complaints I often protect people from themselves They don’t realize what they say, how things might hurt their children I like doing writers best I like actors least They have nothing to say Presenter: Now, as an interviewer myself, this got me thinking PART Since the start of 20th century, roughly half of the world's rainforests have been wiped out And by the end of the 21st century, rainforests may go extinct altogether You may think it's just a few plants and animals that'll suffer, but modern society relies on rainforests more than you might realize The loss of this dense biodiversity could lead to sickness, poverty, even war So, what would a post-rainforest look like? Well, first it is important to understand why the rainforest is disappearing Globally, over the last 40 years, an area possibly the size of Europe has been cleared and repurposed for commercial use In some cases the land is replanted with trees that produce rubber or palm oil, in other cases it is used as grazing land for cattle, or torn down for urban development And if nothing is done, we may ultimately see rainforests gone altogether, and along with them, crucial benefits Without rainforests, some estimate that the basis for up to a quarter of modern medicine would be lost, with thousands of medical compounds derived from plants For example, the rosy periwinkle, which is naturally endemic only to Madagascar, produces two anti-tumor drugs used to fight leukemia and Hodgkin's Disease Chemicals synthesized as a result of this plant contribute to an estimated $160 million Page of 10 dollars per year and the rainforest plant-drug market in total has been estimated at roughly $150 billion dollars Many poor communities rely on rainforest plants life for medicine, as prescription medication and derivatives are completely unaffordable for large portions of the world's population The World Health Organization estimates that roughly 80% of Africa's population uses traditional, herbal medicine as part of their primary health care, while in China, up to half of all medicine consumed are herbal remedies Besides a medicinal outlook, the lack of vegetation could mean a rapid rise in climate change Rainforests are known as "carbon sinks", which means that they consume carbon dioxide, clearing it from the atmosphere Studies show that roughly 40% of manmade CO2 is absorbed by forests As carbon dioxide levels rise and rainforest acreage falls, the subsequent change in climate can contribute to severe droughts, as well as rising sea levels This is a bigger problem than it may seem, as climate change plays a huge role in geopolitics Wars over resources are devastating, and demand for farming land continues to outstrip its supply In 2014 in northern Honduras, US-backed security forces were implicated in the murder and intimidation of local farmers involved in disputes over palm oil More than 100 people have already been killed over the disputes In other parts of the world, entire indigenous tribes are being killed and displaced in favor of commercial logging and razing But stopping this deforestation may not end up solving the larger problem Even when ignoring financial gain by businesses which exploit these natural resources, many people in developing countries rely on the exploitation to survive For example, palm oil employs millions of farmers, and the industry plays an important role in reducing poverty According to one NGO on Sustainable Palm Oil, as many as 4.5 million people in Indonesia and Malaysia work in its production And simply switching to another method of production could potentially be even worse for the environment Alternative vegetable oils, like sunflower, soybean, and rapeseed produce about to Page of 10 10 times less oil per acre, so to meet demand, even more land would have to be destroyed We all know rainforests are vital, but their direct impacts in day-to-day health, global stability and the condition of the world's atmosphere are regularly understated In the end, a world without rainforests is much more devastating than we might realize, and much harder to avoid than we might expect THE END Page 10 of 10 ... due to a combination of overfishing and natural changes in ocean ecology And there’s another reason behind the increased demand for fish and that is the changes in the eating patterns of different... students Good use and control of grammatical structures Good punctuation and no spelling mistakes Legible handwriting Ideas are well organized and presented with coherence, cohesion, and clarity The... efficient and heavy fishing, which is technology-driven, meeting the increasing demands for food As a consequence, many fishing stocks in the European waters from the Atlantic to the North Sea and