Từ mono đến đại phân tử và hoạt động của đại phân tử

All nucleotides contain three components: 1. A nitrogen heterocyclic base 2. A pentose sugar 3. A phosphate residue Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, long, thread-like polymers made up of a linear array of monomers called nucleotides Ribonucleotides have a 2’-OH Deoxyribonucleotides have a 2’-H Chemical Structure of DNA vs RNA Structure of Nucleotide Bases Bases are classified as Pyrimidines or Purines The nucleus contains the cell’s DNA (genome) RNA is synthesized in the nucleus and exported to the cytoplasm Nucleus Cytoplasm DNA RNA (mRNA) Proteins replication transcription translation dA dG dT dC Deoxyribonucleotides found in DNA Nucleotides are linked by phosphodiester bonds Bases form a specific hydrogen bond pattern DNA is double stranded The strands of DNA are antiparallel The strands are complimentary There are Hydrogen bond forces There are base stacking interactions There are 10 base pairs per turn Properties of a DNA double helix DNA is a Double-Helix RNase P M1 RNA Transcription of a DNA molecule results in a mRNA molecule that is single- stranded. RNA molecules do not have a regular structure like DNA. Structures of RNA molecules are complex and unique. RNA molecules can base pair with complementary DNA or RNA sequences. G pairs with C, A pairs with U, and G pairs with U. bulge internal loop hairpin