cau chu dong bi dong active voice passive voice tu co ban den nang cao bai tap van dung 13

THE PASSIVE AND ACTIVE SENTENCES (CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG) QUAN SÁT: - Câu chủ động (Active sentences): Mr Smith teaches English - Câu bị động (Passive sentences): English is taught by Mr Smith QUY TẮC: Muốn chuyển câu chủ động sang câu bị động, ta thực buớc sau: A: S VA P: VP by + agent S O Tân ngữ chủ động => chủ ngữ bị động Lấy tân ngữ câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ câu bị động Ex: My father built the house => The house was built by my father - Nếu động từ chủ động có hai tân ngữ hai tân ngữ dùng làm chủ ngữ câu bị động Tuy nhiên tân ngữ người sử dụng nhiều Ex: I’m writing her a letter => She is being written a letter => A letter is being written to her Động từ bị động BE + PAST PARTICIPLE - Nếu động từ chủ động simple present simple past động từ câu bị động là: AM, IS, ARE WAS, WERE + PAST PARTICIPLE Ex: John delivers the newspapers every morning => The newspapers are delivered by John every morning My mother wrote that letter => That letter was written by my mother - Nếu động từ chủ động present continuous past continuous động từ câu bị động là: AM, IS, ARE WAS, WERE + BEING + PAST PARTICIPLE Ex: He is asking me a lot of questions => I am being asked a lot of questions She was doing her homework at that time => Her homework was being done at that time - Nếu động từ chủ động present perfect past perfect động từ câu bị động HAVE, HAS HAD + BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE là: Ex: My mother has made that cake => That cake has been made by my mother They had prepared a dinner before we came => A dinner had been prepared before we came - Nếu động từ chủ động dùng với động từ can, may, must, will, shall, have to, used to, động từ câu là: CAN, MAY, + BE + PAST PARTICIPLE Ex: My friend can answer this question => This question can be answered by my friend The manager should sign these contracts today => These contracts should be signed by the manager today Chủ ngữ chủ động => BY + tân ngữ bị động Ex: My mother made this cake => This cake was made by my mother - Me, you, him, them, people, someone, thường bỏ câu bị động không muốn nêu rõ tác nhân Ex: Someone has sent me the flowers => I have been sent the flowers - Nếu tân ngữ câu bị động vật, việc ta dùng giới từ with thay by trước tân ngữ Ex: Smoke filled the room.=>The room was filled with smoke Vị trí trạng từ trạng ngữ câu bị động - Trạng từ/ trạng ngữ nơi chốn đứng trước by + tân ngữ bị động Ex: The police found him in the forest => He was found in the forest by the police - Trạng từ/ trạng ngữ thời gian đứng sau by + tân ngữ bị động Ex: My parents are going to buy a car tomorrow => A car is going to be bought by my parents tomorrow - Trạng từ thể cách (adverbs of manner) thường đứng be khứ phân từ Ex: The scientists have studied the problem carefully The problem has been carefully studied by the scientists ■ Một số dạng câu bị động: Thể sai khiến (Causative form): HAVE, GET Active : Subject + HAVE + object (person) + bare-infinitive + object Passive : Subject + HAVE + object (thing) + past participle (+ by + object (person)) Ex: I had him repair my bicycle yesterday => I had my bicycle repaired yesterday Active : Subject + GET + object (person) + to infinitive + object (thing) Passive : Subject + GET + object (thing) + past participle (+ by + obj (person)) Ex: I get her to make some coffee => I get some coffee made Động từ giác quan (Verbs of perception): see, watch, hear, look, taste, … Active : Subject + verb + object + bare infinitive/ V-ing + Passive : Subject + be + past participle + to infinitive/ V-ing + Ex: They saw her come in => She was seen to come in They saw the lorry running down the hill => The lorry was seen running down the hill Động từ ý kiến (Verbs of opinion): say, think, believe, report, rumour, … Active : Passive: Subject + verb + (that) + clause (S2 + V2 + O2 ) It + be + verb (past participle) S2 + be + verb (past participle) + (that) + clause + to infinitive + to have + past participle Ex: People say that he is a famous doctor => It is said that he is a famous doctor => He is said to be a famous doctor Ex: They thought that Mary had gone away => It was thought that Mary had gone away => Mary was thought to have gone away Câu mệnh lệnh (Imperative sentences) Active : Verb + object + adjunct Passive : Let + object + be + past participle + adjunct.  Ex: Write your name here => Let your name be written here Active : (Subject) + let + sb + + sth Passive : Subject + be + let/ allowed + to-infinitive Ex: He let me go out => I was let/ allowed to go out E X E R CI S E S I Put the following into the passive voice They can’t make tea with cold water The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant 3 Somebody has taken some of my books away They will hold the meeting before May Day They have to repair the engine of the car The boys broke the window and took away some pictures People spend a lot of money on advertising every day They may use this room for the classroom The teacher is going to tell a story 10 Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife 11 The children looked at the women with a red hat 12 They have provided the victims with food and clothing 13 People speak English in almost every corner of the world 14 You mustn’t use this machine after 5:30 p.m 15 Luckily for me, they didn’t call my name 16 After class, one of the students always erases the chalk board 17 You must clean the wall before you paint it 18 They told the new pupil where to sit 19 I knew that they had told him of the meeting 20 Nobody has ever treated me with such kindness 21 No one believes his story 22 A sudden increase in water pressure may break the dam 23 We must take good care of books borrowed from the library 24 A man I know told me about it 25 We can never find him at home for he is always on the move 26 They use milk for making butter and cheese 27 Science and Technology have completely changed human life 28 John used to visit My Cole at weekends 29 Weeds cover the river bank 30 Smoke filled the room II Turn the following sentences into the active voice These exercises were done well This dress must be washed in cold water No mistakes have been made in his composition His painting will be exhibited for the first time by New Arts gallery This house was built 100 years ago These artificial flowers are made of silk The lessons are being written by the students now This job has to be done at once These animals at the zoo are fed twice a day 10 The operation is going to be performed by French doctors 11 All the arrangements have been made 12 When was this radio manufactured? 13 They couldn’t be found anywhere 14 Is mathematics taught in this school? 15 Fortunately the machinery wasn’t damaged by the accident 16 Please wait here while your luggage is being examined 17 How are candles made? 18 For a long time the earth was believed to be flat 19 Were you taught how to apply this theory by your teacher? 20 Apples are said to be good for our health 21 Don’t let the dog be teased by the children 22 It is believed that red is the symbol of luck 23 What have been done to help the poor in this city? 24 The jewelry must have been stolen while she was out 25 Where did the treasure use to be hidden by pirates in the old time? III Put the following into the passive voice Yes - No questions: Do they teach English here? Will you invite her to your wedding party? Did the teacher give some exercises? Is she going to write a poem? Have they changed the window of the laboratory? Is she making big cakes for the party? Has Tom finished the work? Are the police making inquires about the thief? Must we finish the test before ten? 10 Will buses bring the children home? Wh- questions: 11 Why didn’t they help him? 12 How many games has the team played? 13 Where people speak English? 14 Who are they keeping in the kitchen? 15 How can they open this safe? 16 What books are people reading this year? 17 How did the police find the lost man? 18 Who looked after the children for you? 19 How long have they waited for the doctor? 20 What time can the boys hand in their papers? ... Technology have completely changed human life 28 John used to visit My Cole at weekends 29 Weeds cover the river bank 30 Smoke filled the room II Turn the following sentences into the active voice These... When was this radio manufactured? 13 They couldn’t be found anywhere 14 Is mathematics taught in this school? 15 Fortunately the machinery wasn’t damaged by the accident 16 Please wait here while... taste, … Active : Subject + verb + object + bare infinitive/ V-ing + Passive : Subject + be + past participle + to infinitive/ V-ing + Ex: They saw her come in => She was seen to come in They