235 2021f u1 circulatory LIS

UNIT – LISTENING & SPEAKING (2 hours) ENGLISH IN MEDICINE – GENERAL PRACTITIONER Y2 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Editor: Nguyen Hoang Quynh Mai Email: nguyenhquynhmai@duytan.edu.vn PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES atrium ● ventricle ● (interatrial & interventricular) septum mitral ● tricuspid ● pulmonary ● aortic valve endocardium ● myocardium ● pericardium artery ● arteriole ● capillary ● venule ● vein aorta ● vena cava ● pulmonary (artery & vein) ● coronary artery carotid ● brachial ● radial ● femoral ● popliteal pulse plasma ● erythrocyte ● leukocyte ● thrombocyte diastole & systole ● pulse ● blood pressure pulmonary & systemic circulation PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES angina hypertension (HTN) arrhythmia hypotension cardiac arrest anemia congenital heart disease (CHD) cerebrovascular accident (CVA) congestive heart failure (CHF) coronary artery disease (CAD) atherosclerosis aneurysm endocarditis deep vein thrombosis (DVT) myocardial infarction (MI) varicose vein cardiac tamponade peripheral arterial disease (PAD) PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES defibrillation pacemaker implantation catheter ablation cardiac catheterization angioplasty bypass grafting valve replacement pericardiocentesis aneurysmectomy endarterectomy vein ligation (tying off) medication extracorporeal circulation heart transplantation PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES Oxygen-poor blood enters the heart through the two largest veins in the body, the venae cavae The superior vena cava drains blood from the upper portion of the body, and the inferior vena cava carries blood from the lower part of the body The venae cavae bring oxygen-poor blood that has passed through all of the body to the right atrium The right atrium contracts to force blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle The cusps of the tricuspid valve form a one-way passage designed to keep the blood flowing in only one direction.// As the right ventricle contracts to pump oxygen-poor blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery, the tricuspid valve stays shut, thus preventing blood from pushing back into the right atrium The pulmonary artery then branches to carry oxygendeficient blood to each lung PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES The blood that enters the lung capillaries from the pulmonary artery soon loses its large quantity of carbon dioxide into the lung tissue, and the carbon dioxide is expelled At the same time, oxygen enters the capillaries of the lungs and is brought back to the heart via the pulmonary veins.// The newly oxygenated blood enters the left atrium of the heart from the pulmonary veins The walls of the left atrium contract to force blood through the mitral valve into the left ventricle The left ventricle has the thickest walls of all four heart chambers It must pump blood with great force so that the blood travels through arteries to all parts of the body.// The left ventricle propels the blood through the aortic valve into the aorta, which branches to carry blood all over the body The aortic valve closes to prevent return of aortic blood to the left ventricle LISTENING PRACTICE VIDEO 1: How does heart pump blood? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruM4Xxhx32U&t=1s Listen to this video twice, and fill in the blanks GG form: https://forms.gle/AwidXSyA5SNSw2xV9 LISTENING PRACTICE Everyone could feel their own _ If a heart was exposed or , the body would perish quickly Even in the 21st century, only a few people in have actually seen a working heart In reality, mammals have a circulation The heart’s functions become apparent as medics get _ the motion of the heart's valves LISTENING PRACTICE Immerse this heart and you'll see that it doesn't pump when squeezed by hand This makes the heart look because the atria have several incoming veins attached If you run water into the right ventricle from a tap, you'll see that the _ tries to close against the incoming stream You'll notice they _ at all when the ventricles are squeezed 10 Understanding how this inner pump works gives new resonance to the feeling you get LISTENING PRACTICE Approximately seven million people around the world die from heart attacks every year Fatty deposits, or plaques, develop on the walls of our coronary arteries Blood flow is cut off to the cardiac muscle and the oxygenstarved cells start to die within several minutes In the worst case scenario, a heart attack can cause sudden death Symptoms may be less prominent in women and the elderly LISTENING PRACTICE If you think that someone might be having a heart attack, the most important thing is to respond quickly They commonly use an electrocardiogram to measure the heart's electrical activity and a blood test to assess heart muscle damage Heart attack treatment is advancing, but prevention is vital A good diet and exercise plan can also keep your weight in a healthy range, which will lower your heart attack risk as well 10 Heart attacks may be common, but they don't have to be inevitable LISTENING PRACTICE SHORT TALK Factors secreted by endothelial cells have this function Where are the nutrients burned in the presence of oxygen to generate energy? This factor DOES NOT participate in keeping blood moving back to the heart LISTENING PRACTICE SHORT TALK Factors secreted by endothelial cells have this function: A change the action of blood vessels B encourage the growth of blood vessels C increase blood clotting within blood vessels Where are the nutrients burned in the presence of oxygen to generate energy? A Cells B Arteries C Capillaries This factor DOES NOT participate in keeping blood moving back to the heart: A muscular action B elastic tissue C valves LISTENING PRACTICE SHORT TALK Factors secreted by endothelial cells have this function: A change the action of blood vessels B encourage the growth of blood vessels C increase blood clotting within blood vessels Where are the nutrients burned in the presence of oxygen to generate energy? A Cells B Arteries C Capillaries This factor DOES NOT participate in keeping blood moving back to the heart: A muscular action B elastic tissue C valves SPEAKING ACTIVITIES SPEAKING REFLEX SPEAKING ACTIVITIES SPEAKING REFLEX 1/ Introduce major components of the circulatory system and their main functions 2/ What is tachycardia? 3/ What is cardiac arrest? SPEAKING ACTIVITIES DESCRIBE THE PICTURE SPEAKING ACTIVITIES DESCRIBE THE PICTURE Keywords Where? clinic/hospital What? diagnostic imaging test/ultrasound Who? physician/specialist/patient How? modern machine/confident/comfortable SPEAKING ACTIVITIES DESCRIBE THE PICTURE SPEAKING ACTIVITIES DESCRIBE THE PICTURE Keywords Where? emergency rm (ER) What? cardiac arrest/defibrillation Who? physician/nurse/patient How? complicated/severe/stressful SPEAKING ACTIVITIES CONVERSATION WITH A PATIENT Introduce yourself - name & role Hi, my name is (Trang), I am a (second) year medical student Confirm patient details name & DoB What is your name, please? And your date of birth? Explain the need to take history I need to ask you some questions to help the doctor/fill in the form Gain consent May I sit down and talk to you for a while? Present complaint What seems to be the problem? SPEAKING ACTIVITIES CONVERSATION WITH A PATIENT Ask for details Ask about duration (how long), location (where), type (how), severity, affecting factors Other symptoms What else you feel? Previous health Have you ever been admitted to the hospital? Summary & next step So you are having … The nurse will take you to the lab for some tests and I will inform you as soon as we have the results Thank you SPEAKING ACTIVITIES CONVERSATION WITH A PATIENT Work in pairs to make your own story, start with a symptom related to the circulatory system QUESTIONS & ANSWERS ... return of aortic blood to the left ventricle 2 LISTENING PRACTICE VIDEO 1: How does heart pump blood? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruM4Xxhx32U&t=1s Listen to this video twice, and fill in the... gives new resonance to the feeling you get LISTENING PRACTICE VIDEO 2: What happens during a heart attack? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3_PYnWVoUzM&t=14s Listen to this video twice, and fill in... circulation The heart’s functions become apparent as medics get _ the motion of the heart's valves 2 LISTENING PRACTICE Immerse this heart and you'll see that it doesn't pump when squeezed by