235 2021f u3 endocrine LIS

UNIT – LISTENING & SPEAKING (2 hours) ENGLISH IN MEDICINE – GENERAL PRACTITIONER Y2 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Editor: Nguyen Hoang Quynh Mai Email: nguyenhquynhmai@duytan.edu.vn PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES gland ● hormone ● receptor ● target tissue endocrine ● exocrine ● homeostasis ● electrolyte hypothalamus ● pituitary ● thyroid ● parathyroid adrenal (cortex & medulla) ● pancreas ● ovary ● testis stimulate ● inhibit ● regulate metabolism ● ovulation ● reabsorption PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES hypoglycemia hypercalciuria polydipsia numbness convulsion glycosuria polyuria goiter tremor exophthalmos fatigue sluggishness amenorrhea hirsutism malaise muscle atrophy PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES acromegaly ● gigantism ● dwarfism ● diabetes insipidus (DI) hyperthyroidism ● hypothyroidism (myxedema & cretinism) ● thyroid carcinoma hyperparathyroidism ● hypoparathyroidism (tetany) adrenal virilism ● Cushing syndrome ● Addison disease hyperinsulinism ● diabetes mellitus (DM) PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES 1/ The endocrine system is an information signaling system much like the nervous system However, the nervous system uses nerves to conduct information, whereas the endocrine system uses blood vessels as information channels 2/ Glands located in many regions of the body release into the bloodstream specific chemical messengers called hormones that regulate the many and varied functions of an organism For example, one hormone stimulates the growth of bones, another controls the metabolic rate within all the individual cells of the body PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES 3/ Hormones produce their effects by binding to receptors, which are recognition sites in the various target tissues on which the hormones act The receptors initiate specific biologic effects when the hormones bind to them 4/ Each hormone has its own receptor, and binding of a receptor by a hormone is much like the interaction of a key and a lock Endocrine glands, no matter which hormones they produce, secrete their hormones directly into the bloodstream 5/ Exocrine glands send chemical substances via ducts to the outside of the body Examples of exocrine glands are sweat, mammary, mucous, salivary, and lacrimal glands LISTENING PRACTICE VIDEO 1: Overview of Endocrine system (homework) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLdNX5Te1Xo Listen to this video twice, and fill in the blanks GG form: LISTENING PRACTICE Endocrine communication is achieved by means of _ called hormones A hormone can travel wherever the blood goes but it can only affect cells that _ for it Lipid soluble steroid hormones can cross the to bind to their receptors inside the cells Water-soluble non steroid hormones are unable to cross the lipid membrane and therefore must bind to receptors _ the surface of the cell LISTENING PRACTICE The endocrine system also includes hormone-secreting cells from other organs such as kidneys The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon that keep _ levels in check When blood glucose level is high such as _, glucose induces insulin release from the pancreas When thyroid hormone levels are _, they suppress the secretion of TSH and TRH consequently inhibiting their own production LISTENING PRACTICE 5/ In fact, men and women have estrogen and testosterone, just in 6/ When chemical levels shift, they may cause changes _ as well 7/ Diabetes is one of the most common hormonal disorders, occurring when the pancreas secretes insulin 8/ But most of the time, the endocrine system manages to keep our bodies in a state LISTENING PRACTICE 1/ Alongside growth and sexual maturity, this system regulates everything from your sleep to the rhythm of your beating heart 2/ Each hormone needs to locate a set of target cells in order to bring about a specific change 3/ By exposing millions of cells at a time to hormones in carefully regulated quantities, the endocrine system drives large-scale changes across the body 4/ Hormones also have some of their most visible and familiar effects during puberty LISTENING PRACTICE 5/ In fact, men and women have estrogen and testosterone, just in different amounts 6/ When chemical levels shift, they may cause changes in mood as well 7/ Diabetes is one of the most common hormonal disorders, occurring when the pancreas secretes too little insulin 8/ But most of the time, the endocrine system manages to keep our bodies in a state of balance LISTENING PRACTICE SHORT TALK This IS NOT an ingredient needed to synthesize T3 and T4, the two hormones of the thyroid gland: A thyroxine B tyrosine C iodine A low level of thyroid hormones in the body will lead to: A increased metabolic rate B high body temperature C poor mental development Calcitonin mobilizes calcium from the bloodstream into the bones and thus can help treat osteoporosis A True B False LISTENING PRACTICE SHORT TALK This IS NOT an ingredient needed to synthesize T3 and T4, the two hormones of the thyroid gland: A thyroxine B tyrosine C iodine A low level of thyroid hormones in the body will lead to: A increased metabolic rate B high body temperature C poor mental development Calcitonin mobilizes calcium from the bloodstream into the bones and thus can help treat osteoporosis A True B False SPEAKING ACTIVITIES SPEAKING REFLEX SPEAKING ACTIVITIES SPEAKING REFLEX 1/ What is pituitary gland? 2/ What is hypoglycemia? 3/ What is homeostasis? SPEAKING ACTIVITIES DESCRIBE THE PICTURE SPEAKING ACTIVITIES DESCRIBE THE PICTURE Keywords Where? Family picture What? Gigantism/excess growth hormone/pituitary gland Who? Family members/ son/daughters How? Increased height/enlarged hand SPEAKING ACTIVITIES DESCRIBE THE PICTURE SPEAKING ACTIVITIES DESCRIBE THE PICTURE Keywords Where? Clinic/hospital What? Glucometer/medical (periodical) checkup/screening/ follow-up/ diabetes mellitus Who? Nurse/patient How? Careful/satisfied SPEAKING ACTIVITIES BASIC HISTORY TAKING Introduce yourself - name & role Hi, my name is (Trang), I will be your doctor today Confirm patient details – full name & DoB What is your full name, please? And your date of birth? Explain the need to take history I need to ask you some questions to make a correct diagnosis Gain consent May I sit down and talk to you for a while? Present complaint What seems to be the problem? SPEAKING ACTIVITIES BASIC HISTORY TAKING Ask for details Other symptoms Previous health Summary & next step Ask about duration (how long), location (where), type (how), severity, affecting factors What else you feel? Have you ever been admitted to the hospital? That’s all I need to know, thank you! Now the nurse will take you to the lab for some tests and I will inform you as soon as we have the results See you later SPEAKING ACTIVITIES BASIC HISTORY TAKING Work in pairs to make your own story, start with a symptom related to the endocrine system QUESTIONS & ANSWERS ... glands 2 LISTENING PRACTICE VIDEO 1: Overview of Endocrine system (homework) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLdNX5Te1Xo Listen to this video twice, and fill in the blanks GG form: LISTENING... hypoparathyroidism (tetany) adrenal virilism ● Cushing syndrome ● Addison disease hyperinsulinism ● diabetes mellitus (DM) PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES 1/ The endocrine system is an information signaling... endocrine ● exocrine ● homeostasis ● electrolyte hypothalamus ● pituitary ● thyroid ● parathyroid adrenal (cortex & medulla) ● pancreas ● ovary ● testis stimulate ● inhibit ● regulate metabolism