INTRODUCTION 1
Rationale 1
Negation is a significant topic in the fields of semantics, pragmatics, morphology, and syntax Both English and Vietnamese share similar features in expressing negation; however, a detailed analysis reveals distinct characteristics in each language that highlight their differences compared to others.
The structures of negation in English and Vietnamese present significant challenges for learners of English as a foreign language These complexities can hinder effective communication in both languages, making it essential for students to focus on mastering these grammatical aspects.
This study analyzes and compares negation structures in English and Vietnamese, focusing on the literary work "The Red and the Black" and its Vietnamese translation by Đoàn Phú Tứ The aim is to gain a deeper understanding of how negation is constructed in human language, particularly in written forms By investigating the formation and usage of negation structures in this literary context, the researcher seeks to enhance comprehension and effective application of negation in language.
Aims and objectives of the study 1
This study explores the extensive use of negation in both English and its Vietnamese translations within the literary work "The Red and the Black." The thesis aims to analyze the syntactic characteristics of negative statements and questions, highlighting the similarities and differences in negation between the two languages.
2 and Vietnamese, which helps students of English understand and use the negative structures in English and Vietnamese in a better way
To achieve the aims of the study, this thesis focuses on these objectives:
1 To find out the syntactic features of negative statements and questions used in
"The Red and the Black" and its Vietnamese - translated version
2 To present the similarities and differences of syntactic features of negative statements and questions between English and Vietnamese used in the work
- 3 To draw some implications of the thesis for English learners of skills of using syntactic features of negative statements and questions.
Research questions 2
The following are the three research questions
1 What are the syntactic features of negative statements and questions used in
"The Red and the Black" and its Vietnamese - translated version?
2 What are the similarities and differences of syntactic features of negative statements and questions between English and Vietnamese used in the novel?
- 3 What is the implication of the thesis for Vietnamese learners of English of skills of using syntactic features of negative statements and questions ?
Methods of the study 2
The research employs both qualitative and quantitative methods to explore negation in English and Vietnamese Qualitative analysis draws on theories from English grammar books and relevant documents to describe and analyze negation characteristics in both languages In contrast, quantitative research utilizes data from the novel "The Red and the Black" to calculate percentages and identify similarities and differences in negation between English and Vietnamese This comprehensive approach aims to provide a thorough understanding of negation in these two languages.
3 chapters, however, this study focuses on 131 statements and questions of negation in the first 12 chapters
The two primary research methods utilized in this study are descriptive and contrastive analysis These approaches aim to examine and compare the syntactic features of negation in both English and Vietnamese, highlighting their similarities and differences.
The statistical method, when combined with data collection and analysis techniques, effectively describes and analyzes the research data.
All the materials relating to research matter are collected from research works, grammar books, English novels, Vietnamese books and the internet
The study selects the most appropriate materials to establish its theoretical framework It incorporates numerous illustrative examples from grammar books, research studies, and data gathered from English novels along with their Vietnamese translations These examples represent the most frequently used negative sentences in both English and Vietnamese.
After collecting the data, it is sorted, classified, and analyzed based on the syntactic features of negation in English and Vietnamese The researcher identifies the most representative examples from both languages to highlight the characteristics of negation under investigation Negative sentences with indicators are categorized into similar types This research employs descriptive and contrastive analysis, treating English as the source language and Vietnamese as the target language.
This section presents two research questions and outlines the criteria for data collection and analysis, utilizing English and Vietnamese grammar books, novels, selected plays, various materials, and online resources The primary methodologies employed include descriptive and contrastive approaches, complemented by analytical and statistical techniques.
Scope of the study 4
This research examines the syntactic features of negative sentences in English and Vietnamese, utilizing Stendhal's novel "The Red and the Black" and its Vietnamese translation by Đoàn Phú Tứ It highlights how negation in English occurs at various levels, including word ("no," "not," "never"), phrase ("by no means," "not in the least"), and sentence levels ("How can I do it by myself?" "I cannot understand you") The study specifically concentrates on negative statements and questions, with data gathered exclusively from the first twelve chapters of the novel, where all relevant negative constructions are analyzed.
Significance of the study 4
This research aims to enhance students' understanding of negation in English by drawing comparisons with Vietnamese By delving into the theory and characteristics of negation, the study seeks to provide English learners with a deeper insight into constructing negative sentences Ultimately, the findings will contribute to improving the teaching methods for English negative structures, benefiting students' overall language acquisition.
The findings of this study will enable English students to effectively utilize negation, negative statements, and questions in both English and Vietnamese This enhancement in their language skills will improve their learning and working processes, ultimately leading to better communication in English after graduation.
Structure of the study 5
The thesis consists of 4 chapters as follow:
Chapter 1 is the Introduction of the study which shows the reasons why the topic is chosen, what the research aims at as well as the scope, the significance and the structural organization of the study
Chapter 2 is the Literature review and Theoretical background of the study This chapter will give the brief review of related literature and theoretical background of every matter mentioned in the study
Chapter 3 is the Findings and Discussions It presents and analyzes the collected data from questionnaires as well as gives the similarities and differences of of syntactic features of negative statements and questions between English and Vietnamese used in the work
Chapter 4 is the Conclusion of the study which presents the recapitulation of the study, the limitations of the study and some suggestions for further study.
LITERATURE REVIEW 6
Previous studies 6
In "Negation in English and Other Languages," Jeperson (1917) lays the foundation for future studies on negation, outlining key concepts such as strengthened and weakened negatives, indirect and incomplete negation, and the overall meaning of negation He distinguishes between complete negation, using nuclear negators like "not," "no," and "never," and incomplete negation, which includes terms like "hardly," "scarcely," "a little," and "few." Notably, he emphasizes that "not" is typically used with auxiliary verbs to negate entire sentences.
Klima (1964) presents a range of sentences featuring distinct negative words such as "not," "none," and "never." He aims to establish criteria for distinguishing a specific class of negative sentences His approach focuses on syntax, emphasizing the importance of grammatical correctness and the appropriate use of negation.
In "Negation in English Speech and Writing," Tottie (1991) categorizes the uses of negation in both oral and written forms, while Horn (1989) explores the semantic features and scope of negation in "A Natural History of Negation." Vietnamese linguists, including Hoàng Trọng Phiến (1980) and Nguyễn Đức Dân (1996), have primarily approached negation from traditional and structural perspectives Nguyễn Quang's master's thesis offers a contrastive analysis of negative sentences in English and Vietnamese Notably, Trần Văn Phước's doctoral thesis, "Phân tích đối chiếu câu phủ định tiếng Anh và tiếng Việt trên bình diện cấu trúc ngữ nghĩa," systematically outlines the syntactic-semantic characteristics of declarative sentences in both languages, identifying 17 negative sentence structures and 61 variations in English, alongside 64 variations in Vietnamese Additionally, Ms Tran Phuong Thao from Danang University conducted research titled "An Investigation into English Lexical Negation."
The article "Devices Denoting Negation versus Vietnamese Equivalents" (2010) explores the expression of negation in both English and Vietnamese, highlighting unique features of negation in these languages Despite extensive research on this topic, there has yet to be a focused study on the novel "The Red and the Black." This gap presents an opportunity for further investigation into negative statements and questions within the text.
In "The Red and the Black" by Stendhal, an analysis is conducted to explore the syntactic features of negation, specifically comparing them to their Vietnamese equivalents as presented in the translated version by Doan Phu Tu.
The research comprehensively examines various aspects of negation across disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, socio-linguistics, and discourse analysis However, it primarily concentrates on negation in English and Vietnamese The researcher aims to enhance the understanding and application of negation for both teachers and students.
Theoretical background 7
This chapter offers the theoretical background relating to the research area First of all, we should deal with the concept of sentence
According to Oxford Advanced Learner' Dictionary 10 th edition published in
In 2020, a sentence is defined as a group of words that conveys a statement, question, or command, typically consisting of a subject and a verb In written English, sentences commence with a capital letter and conclude with punctuation marks such as a full stop (.), question mark (?), or exclamation mark (!).
A sentence is a collection of words that conveys meaning to the reader, typically comprising a subject and a predicate The predicate includes a verb or verb phrase along with a complement, which can be either a predicative or an object A sentence can be simple, containing a single clause, or complex, consisting of multiple clauses that include at least one main clause.
8 subordinate clause (complex sentence), two main clauses co-ordinated by a conjunction (compound sentence) For example:
- He is very kind - hearted simple sentence
- He is a teacher who taught me English at secondary school complex sentence
- He is an engineer and his wife is a university teacher compound sentence
Quirk, R.et al (1985) stated that English sentence structure includes the following basic parts: subject (S), verb (V), complement (C), object (O), Adverbial (A) which have fundamental linguistic features as follows:
The subject of a sentence is a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun that indicates the person or thing performing the action of the verb For instance, in the sentence "I sat down quietly," "I" serves as the subject, while in "The house is not so large," "the house" functions as the subject Understanding the role of the subject is essential for constructing clear and effective sentences.
A verb (V) is a word or group of words that conveys an action, event, or state of being Examples include actions like "eat," events like "happen," and states like "exist." For instance, in the sentence "She sings very beautifully," the verb "sings" illustrates an action being performed.
There have been many definitions of negation in English In the Longmann Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, negation is defined as
"contradicting the meaning or part of the meaning of sentence."
Horn (2010) gives out the definition of negation: "In many ways, negation is what makes as human, imuing us with the capacity to deny, contradict, misrepresent, lie, and convey irony." (p.1)
According to Lindstadd (2007), negation is a universal feature present in all human languages, highlighting its unique role in linguistic structure He emphasizes that sentential negation, which may also be referred to as clausal negation, consistently requires the incorporation of an overt morpheme into an affirmative clause.
2007: 24) The function of negation is fairly straightforward: it negates parts of or the entire sentence or clause
Negation refers to the act of asserting that something does not exist or is untrue According to the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (1994), it involves rejecting the existence or necessity of something, which aligns with the definition provided by the Vietnamese Dictionary (1998) from the Centre of Dictionary and Danang Publishing House Additionally, Collins Cobuild (1990) emphasizes that negation is employed to indicate that something is not true, not happening, or not the case.
According to William Bright in the International Encyclopedia of Linguistics (1992), all linguistic categories, from clauses to individual words, can theoretically be negated, although specific languages impose varying restrictions Each language has a standard or canonical form of negation primarily designed to negate positive declarative main clauses.
Negation, as defined by The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, is the grammatical method used to deny the truth of a positive sentence or clause In English, negation is commonly achieved by adding "not" or "n't" to the primary verb or the first auxiliary verb, a process known as clausal negation For instance, sentences like "This is not difficult"
Although there is a wide variety of definitions of negation, I myself totally agree to some main points as follows:
Negation is a part of people's cognition activity and communication process It is a basic category of thinking, of formal logic It is the opposition of the affirmative category
Huddleson and Pullum (2002) provides a clear description on the characteristics of negation in English
Unlike affirmation, negation can be identified by words (e.g, not, no, never, not any) or affixes (e.g, dis, un-) Negation can interact with other words in special ways
Negated clauses utilize a wider variety of connective adjuncts compared to positive clauses, employing terms like "neither" and "nor" instead of "either" and "or." Negatively oriented polarity-sensitive items, as identified by Huddleston and Plum (2002), include words starting with "any" (such as anybody, anyone, and anywhere), as well as modal auxiliaries like "dare" and "need," along with phrases like "at all," "much," and "until." In verb negation, an auxiliary is typically required; for instance, the auxiliary "do" is inserted when "none" is present, as seen in the contrast between "I read the paper" and "I didn't read the paper." Overall, negation presents significant contrasts, including verbal versus non-verbal forms and analytic versus clausal structures.
- He doesn't dine out - He never dine out
- He did not see anything at all - He saw nothing for me
- Not many people like it - Nobody like it
- She didn't have a large income - She had a not inconsiderable income
Verbal negation is characterized by the negation marker being grammatically linked to the verb, which serves as the clause's head In contrast, non-verbal negation associates the negation marker with a dependent element of the verb, such as an adjunct (e.g., "never dines out") or an object (e.g., "saw nothing").
Analytic negation is indicated by specific words like "not" and "no," which serve solely to express negation, particularly in contrast to "yes" when responding to questions In contrast, synthetic negation involves words that fulfill additional functions Synthetic verbal negation is shown through inflectional negative forms, while synthetic non-verbal negation is categorized into three types: absolute negators (such as "no," "nobody," "nothing," "none," "neither," "nor," and "never"), approximate negators (including "few," "little," "barely," "hardly," "scarcely," "rarely," and "seldom"), and affixal negators (like "un-," "in-," "non-," "-less," "ir-," and "il-").
William Bright notes that the negation of various clause types, including interrogative and imperative main clauses as well as different subordinate clauses, can sometimes mirror standard negation Additionally, certain languages may utilize unique forms for negative questions, negative imperatives, or negation in subordinate clauses In English, the negative imperative "Don't" is used in conjunction with the auxiliary verb "Be."
"Don't be naughty!" and English "not" precedes non - finite verbs in subordinate negation as in (His not being present annoyed everyone.) [4,75]
Negation is a unique aspect of human communication that serves various purposes, such as altering the polarity of a statement (e.g., "She didn't see him"), emphasizing the severity of a situation (e.g., "It was nothing less than a disaster"), or softening assertions (e.g., "Her husband's character is not good") Often, negated statements convey underlying positive meanings and reveal valuable insights For example, the phrase "Peter didn't go to Moscow to relax" implies that while Peter did travel to Moscow, his intentions were not for relaxation.
According to Huddleston and Pullum (2002), the scope encompasses the portion of meaning that is negated, while the focus refers to the specific element within the scope that is most clearly or prominently negated.
"The scope the of the negation normally extends from the negative word itself to the end of the clause, or to the beginning of a final adjunct" (Quick, p.187)
In the view of Eagleson, the part of a sentence or clause that is controlled by
"not" or other negative words is called the scope of negation
The scope of negation refers to the area of language affected by negative words It encompasses the relationship between negative and non-assertive words, highlighting how the negative meaning operates within this scope Formally, the scope of negation extends from the negative words to the end of the clause or to the beginning of a concluding statement.
CONCLUSION 47
Recapitulation 47
Negation is a significant area of study in English grammar, continually explored by linguists due to the language's inherent flexibility This thesis, focused on English negation structures, aims to investigate the functioning of negation in both English and Vietnamese The second and third chapters delve into the core aspects of negative sentences, with Chapter 2 providing a theoretical framework that reviews general sentence structure and the specifics of negative sentences Chapter 3 presents research findings based on three key questions, revealing the frequency of negators such as NOT and NO through a detailed analysis of literary data Furthermore, it highlights the similarities and differences in the syntactic features of negative statements and questions between English and Vietnamese, supported by illustrative examples from the research.
Concluding remarks 47
Syntactic negative structures with nuclear negators "not", "no" in English under two types: English statements, negative questions, and negative structures with
The article explores the use of negation in the novel "The Red and The Black," focusing on the Vietnamese equivalents of the terms "không," "chẳng," "chả," and "chưa." It conducts a comparative analysis of the syntactic features that govern negative sentence construction in both the original text and its Vietnamese translations, highlighting the nuances of negation in literary works across different languages.
Based on the research findings, the study reveals the frequency of the negators "not" in English and "không" in Vietnamese The analysis indicates that "not" is the most prevalent negator in English, while "không" holds the same status in Vietnamese Both languages exhibit equivalent negative structures, including predicate negation, subject negation, clausal negation, and adverb negation, highlighting significant similarities in their grammatical frameworks.
Predicate negation is the most commonly used form of negation in both languages, accounting for the largest proportion, while complement negation follows as the second most frequent type In contrast, subject negation using "not" represents the smallest percentage at just 3% Notably, object negation, which employs "no" followed by a noun or noun phrase, holds the highest percentage at 31.4% Additionally, adverb negation, which includes phrases like "no longer" and "nowhere," comprises nearly a quarter of the total.
"23.3% The results of the investigation point to the conclusion that English and Vietnamese also have some differences in the syntactic features of negative statements and questions
One significant difference between Vietnamese and English is the absence of auxiliary verbs like "do," "have," and "be" in Vietnamese Additionally, certain negative structures in English lack direct Vietnamese equivalents, as English tends to favor object negation, which is less common in Vietnamese Furthermore, while negative questions in English are formed through subject-operator inversion, this grammatical requirement does not exist in Vietnamese Lastly, when "never" is placed at the beginning of an English sentence, it necessitates subject-auxiliary inversion; however, in Vietnamese, using words like không, chẳng, or chưa bao giờ at the start of a sentence does not require this inversion.
Limitation of the research 48
The comparison of English and Vietnamese negation, particularly in negative sentences, is crucial for linguistic research and English teaching methods It enhances the understanding of contrastive analysis and provides valuable insights for Vietnamese teachers and students in mastering negative structures However, this study has limitations; it focuses solely on the syntactic features of negative statements and questions, neglecting semantic, pragmatic, and non-verbal communication aspects Additionally, the data collected lacks diversity, which could have led to a more comprehensive conclusion had a broader range of examples been included.
A total of 49 sentences and various semantic features were analyzed in this study Additionally, the research primarily concentrated on literary works, suggesting that expanding the data collection to include a broader range of literary texts could yield more comprehensive and satisfying research outcomes.
The writer's thesis primarily examines the syntactic features of negative statements and questions in English and Vietnamese, given the constraints of time and expertise With additional time, the researcher aims to explore various other elements that convey negative meaning, including negative affixes such as "un-", "de-", "dis-", "in-", "-less," and "mis-," as well as verbs that inherently express negativity, including "fail," "stop," "prevent," "abstain from," "avoid," "deny," and "hesitate."
The writer expresses gratitude for the support received from supervisors, teachers, and friends in completing this extensive study Focusing on the pragmatic features of negative sentences in English, the research aims to provide valuable insights for students and teachers in their university-level English teaching and learning.
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15 Maclin Alice Reference Guide to English: A Handbook of English as a Second Language, United States Information Agency, Washington DC
16 Thomson A.J and Martinet, A.V (1986) (4th ed) A Practical English Grammar
17 Diệp Quang Ban, (2004), Ngữ pháp tiếng Việt, NXB Giáo dục, Hà Nội
18 Vũ Ngọc Phan, (1998), Tục ngữ ca giao dân ca Việt Nam NXB khoa học xã hội
19 Trần Văn Phước (2000), "Phân tích đối chiếu câu phủ định tiếng Anh và tiếng Việt trên bình diện cấu trúc ngữ nghĩa" , NXB Giáo dục, Hà Nội
20 Nguyễn Kim Thán, (1997), Nghiên cứu ngữ pháp tiếng Việt NXB Giáo dục
21 Trần Thúy Vịnh, (2000), Vài nhận xét về câu phủ định trong tiếng Anh và tiếng
Việt (Tạp chí Phát triển Khoa học công nghệ (chuyên sâu KHXH & NV), ĐH Quốc gia
Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
Asoc Prof Dr Nguyễn Đăng Sửu
No Some negations used in "The
1 "You lazybones, you! won't you ever stop reading your blasted books while you're on duty by the saw,eh?
Thế nào, đồ biếng nhác! Ra mày vẫn cứ đọc những sách chết toi của mày, trong lúc mày phải ngồi coi máy cưa à?
Hadn't he been bold enough to argue with a priest who frequently traveled to Besançon, where it was rumored he met with the bishop?
3 M de Renal was so happy that she plucked up the courage to say to
Julien: "You won't scold the poor children too much, will you? Ông sẽ không mắng mỏ quá những đứa trẻ tội nghiệp đó chứ?
4 She went up him and said quietly:
"You won't give my children the cane,will you, not the first few days, even if they don't know their lessons?"
Có phải không nhỉ, những ngày đầu, ông sẽ không đánh đòn lũ con tôi, dù chúng có không thuộc bài đi nữa, ông nhé
5 " Wouldn't I just like to tell him where he gets off!"
Chà ! Ta thì đá tung cái thằng cha ấy đi chứ!
6 Wouldn't it be a way of mocking this so - and - so who has
Chiếm lấy bàn tay của vợ hắn, ngay lúc có mặt hắn, anh nghĩ
He contemplated the idea of claiming his rival's wife in front of him, pondering whether it would be a way to insult a man who enjoys all the luxuries that wealth can provide.
7 Only a fool, he said to himself, gets angry with other people: a stone falls because it's heavy
Won't I ever grow? When on earth will I acquire the good habit of letting these people have only so much of my soul as their money has paid for?
Chỉ những kẻ ngu ngốc mới để sự giận dữ chi phối, giống như một hòn đá rơi xuống vì trọng lượng của nó Liệu chúng ta có mãi là những đứa trẻ ngây thơ? Đến bao giờ chúng ta mới học được thói quen tốt là chỉ dành tâm hồn cho những người xứng đáng, tương xứng với giá trị của họ?
8 Why don't I spend the night here? he said to himself; I've got some bread and I'm free!
Sao ta lại không nghỉ đêm ở đây nhỉ? Anh tự hỏi, ta có bánh mì, và ta được tự do
9 Why shouldn't it have been you who made those six thousand francs, or at any rate three thousand?
Mày, có lẽ nào mày không kiếm được sáu nghìn quan, hay chả gì cũng ba nghìn?
1.2 Negative statements in the novel "The Red and the Black"
No Some negations used in "The
1 The weather acquired by this little town does not , however,come from the sawmills, but rather from the
Tuy vậy, cái thành phố nhỏ đó được trù phú không phải là nhờ những máy xẻ gỗ Chính là nhờ nghề chế tạo vải hoa in,
54 factory where painted fabrics are produced in the Mulhouse tradition gọi là vải hoa Mulhouse
2 When in France you must not expect to come across the kind of picturesque gardens that are found on the outskirts of manufacturing towns in
Germany like Leipzig, Frankfurt or Nuremberg
Bạn đừng nên chờ đợi được trông thấy ở nước Pháp những khu vườn kỳ thú bao quanh các thành phố công nghệ của nước Đức, như Allemagne,
3 I can see no other use for a tree when, unlike the serviceable walnut, it doesn't bring in any money
Tôi không quan niệm rằng một cái cây con có tác dụng gì khác, trừ phi nó sinh lơi nhuận, như cây hồ đào ích lợi kia chẳng hạn
4 I shall not be uncivilized enough to subject you to the long - windedness and deliberately roundabout ways of a provincial dialogue
Tôi sẽ không bắt bạn phải chịu đựng những dòng văn dài dòng và những rào cản khéo léo trong một câu chuyện đối thoại ở tỉnh lẻ.
5 This fine gentlemen from Paris, so loathsome to the mayor of
Verrieres, was none other than a
M Appert successfully gained access to the prison, workhouse, and hospital in Verrieres just two days after his initial efforts, highlighting his determination and resourcefulness in navigating these institutions managed by the mayor and local landowners.
Ông Appert, người mà thị trưởng Verrières hết sức thù ghét, đã khéo léo tìm cách xâm nhập không chỉ vào nhà đề lao và viện tế bần của Verrières, mà còn vào bệnh viện do ông thị trưởng và những nhà nghiệp chủ quan trọng nhất trong địa phương quản lý.
6 "You never read them, my dear." Thì ông có đọc những báo đó bao giờ đâu , hở ông
7 "I'm old and well loved here," he said to himself under his breath,"they wouldn't dare!"
Mình già nua tuổi tác và được nhân dân ở đây yêu mến, ông tự lẩm bẩm một mình, họ chả dám đâu!
8 He did not want to compromise his generous escort any further Ông ta không muốn làm rầy rà nhiều hơn nữa cho ông bạn đồng hành hào hiệp
Father Chesslan felt the weight of his situation as he understood the full significance of the words spoken by the two individuals, realizing he had no one to support him.
10 "I don't put any money by in a position like mine, gentlement, and maybe that's why I'm not so afraid when there's talk of dismissing me from it
Trong vai trò của mình, tôi không tích lũy được bất kỳ khoản tiền nào, và có lẽ chính điều này đã khiến tôi không quá lo lắng khi nghe đến việc có thể bị mất chức.
He often claimed that the mountain air benefited his asthma, yet there is no evidence to support this assertion.
12 So I should never have thought of putting the carpenter's son in charge of our children, had the priest not told me
Vì thế cho nên đáng lẽ chẳng bao giờ tôi nghĩ đến chuyện mời anh con trai lão thợ mộc
[27] đến trông nom lũ con của chúng mình
13 So he isn't aliberal, and he does Vậy anh ta không phải là phái tự do, và anh ta biết tiếng La
Valenod takes great pride in the two beautiful Normandy cobs he has recently acquired for his barouche, yet he lacks a tutor for his children.
15 "Let's make no bones about it, we're surrounded by liberals here."
Chả nên giấu diếm gì, ở đây bọn tự do đầy rẫy khắp chung quanh ta
16 M Valenod, the affluent director of the workhouse, was rumored to have attempted to win the affections of a certain lady, but his efforts proved futile.
17 Nothing could have been further from her thoughts, but she had been delighted to find the townfolk visiting her less often
Bà chẳng hề nghĩ đến điều đó, nhưng rất lấy làm hài lòng thấy những dân thành phố bớt lui tới nhà mình
She was perceived as foolish by the other ladies because she never attempted to manipulate her husband, missing out on incredible chances to persuade him to buy her hats in Paris.
Trong mắt các bà vợ, bà được coi là ngu dại vì không sử dụng bất kỳ thủ đoạn nào để thu hút chồng Bà đã bỏ lỡ nhiều cơ hội tốt đẹp để yêu cầu chồng mua cho mình những chiếc mũ đẹp từ Paris hoặc Besançon.
She was an innocent soul who had never dared to judge her husband, even secretly admitting to herself that she found him dull Though she never articulated it, she believed that between a wife and husband, such feelings should remain unspoken.
57 husband and wife enjoyed a more tender relationship với chồng chẳng còn có những mối quan hệ nào êm đềm hơn nữa
Over time, it became increasingly difficult for him to recall the details of his anecdotes, particularly those concerning the House of As a result, he had not shared these stories for quite a while.
Orleans except on grand occasions
