Hiện trạng quản lý chất thải rắn ở các tỉnh tây nguyên

DIA PHLJONG HIEN TRING QUAN Lt CHIT THAI RAN CAC Thu TAY NGUYEN TRAN TRUNG DUNG, TUYET HOA NIEKOAM, NGUYEN HOANG PHISCNG Twang f9ei bac Nteuien TRINH VAN TUYEN Vin Cane *3 Mai twang, WO Hen Lem Khoa hqc va Cong melt Nan NhOng kat qua bulk dau dm de tai "Dieu tra, danh gia Digu tra, khao sat tai cac tinh Tay Nguyen hien trang thu gom, van chuyen va xitlj/ CTR cac tinh Tay cho thiy, tinh hinh zit ly chit thai ran (CTR) Nguyen va d6 xuat phticIng an quy hoach, xitlj/ va quanlj/ nhi5u bit cap: CTR sinh hoat tai cac khu CTR phi hap clan nam 2020" se cho thay hien trang tong dO thi chi mai du'dc xui IY bang bien phap tac quan 1j/ CTR, dtj bao kh6i Itiang CTR phat sinh tren ch6n lap vdi cOng nghe chu'a hop ye sinh, khu vi,tc Tay Nguyen clan 2020, dinh hildng dan 2030 va nhan dinh cac ton tai panic/ CTR tai khu vvc hoac khOng dat yeu cau; CTR cOng nghi6p mdi chi du'dc thu gom va Iu'u gift' Mit so kit qui chinh pham vi nha may, chtfa co khu Phan itch hien trang guar) Ijr CTR sinh ho?t, cong cho mOi dia phurdng; CTR nOng nghiep chu'a nghiep, ming nghiep, nguy h?i Tay Nguyen du'o'c quan tam va xi( IY; chat thai nguy hai Tai cac tinh Tay Nguyen, CTR phat sinh tit ngu6n sinh hoat thi afo'c trdn Ian va thu gom, cht.ia &lac phan loai dung theo quy dinh cua Luat Bao xi chung vdi chit thai thong thurtmg Vi ye mai twang He th6ng thu gom co nhieu diem chtia thing ba, mang ludf thu gom chua bao phu rang khap, vay, viec du' bao kh6i hong CTR phat sinh hieu qua thu gom chua cao va thdi gian thu gom kh6ng din nam 2020, dinh hutng Mil 2030 va On dinh Phong tier' thu gom phan On khong dam bao danh gia cac ton tai quan Icf CIA Jai chat Ong, cac diem tap kat CTR (diem hen, tram trung khu vqc Tay Nguyen la hit sqc can thiet, chuyen) chua ditac dau to xay citing dung miic nen van lam co sef cho viec des xuat cac phttng an de va sinh mai trtiting chUa &Jac dam bao He th6ng van chuyen chua dap iing nhu cau van chuyen CTR hang quy hoach, xif ly va quan ly CTR phi] hyp Mat diu COng vdf cac %/Ong, mien, dia phuong ca Woo, Tay Nguyen da va dang tich cut, cho Tang tham gia vao tier, trinh hai nhap kinh ta cUa dat nitdc Nhd vay ma vung kinh ta Tay Nguyen da co nhCing d6i thay tich cuc, thu dtfac nhOng tkiu hat sac an Wang, del sang nhan dan &lac cal thien rO rat Tuy nhien, cong tac quan ijr CTR o cac tinh Tay Nguyen nhi6u bat cap Do vay, muc tieu thiet 15p dtiac he th6ng quAn ly, xi! l' CTR toan dien cho cac khu vuo thi, ming them va cho cac nganh ngh6 san xuat chinh tren Oa ban Tay Nguyen la mat you cat., cap thiat nham dam bao thy'c thi Luat Bao ye rmii trtiong va an toan sUc khoe cho cong clang cac dan tac Tay Nguyen va khu vuc Ian can 22 Tap chi KHOA H LONG NGHE VI:ET N So 17 nam 2014 ngay, gay nen tinh trang ton dong CTR khu dan cu hoac d6 nhiing bai dat la thien, rat mat ye sinh Dac biet, CTR chua duac phan loai de thu hai cac phan CO kha nang tai cha, tai sit dung C6ng tac thu gom, van chuyen CTR cong nghiep cac ca so san xuat tlf chiu trach nhiem Sau phan loai, thu gom, cac loaf CTR CO the tai sit dung nal ba cd so, lai hau hat dau thai be) cung CTR thi, sau dem chOn lap/d6t Nhin chung, cOng nghe xii Ijr CTR dang ap dung tai cac dO thi khu ‘41c Tay Nguyen kha lac hau Chi CO mat so thi Ion &lac dau to baf chon lap hap ye sinh va mai co doanh nghiep lam nha may phan compost, lai hau hat sit dung cac baf chOn lap h6, khong hop ye sinh, a mat s6 dia phtiOng ton tai cac bai rac nha, tU phat o gan cac ao h6, song suoi, dang la nguon gay nhiem mai twang nghiem DI A PHUONG Bang 2: kh6i IUdng CTR cong nghiOp Khol ILIOng CTR cong nghi4p (tiningay) CTR d6 nixing bai clit to thien gay mgt t' sinh mot trueng Nam Phan tich phan, khoi lu'ong CTR sinh hoot, cong nghiep, nong nghiep, nguy hai a Tay Nguyen CTR sinh hoat: khoi IIIOng CTR sinh hoat phat sinh tren dia ban cac tinh Tay Nguyen du'Oc the hien hinh 1 000 00 000 00 400.00 200 00 Gia Lai Lam ()Ong DakLak DakNong Kon Turn Nam 2010 134.38 200,22 208,77 57,32 80,01 680,70 Nam 2011 135,97 211,64 225,65 53,71 77,03 704,00 209,87 252.19 55,61 84,01 750,76 149,08 Nam 2012 CTR nOng nghiep: Icing kh6i ILrgng CTR nOng nghiep trOn dia ban Tay Nguyen phat sinh nam 2012 la 390.958,61 tan/nam, tang 0,1% so vdi nam 2010; dO tinh DakLak có mac phat sinh cao nhat la 188.222,25 tan/nam, thap nhat la tinh Kon Turn veil 23.322,54 tan/nam (bang 3) 1200 00 600.00 111111111,1 Bang 3: kh6i hrdng CTR nong nghiOp Tang khoi higng CTR nong nghiep (tin/nam) • Tang kh6 Prom CT Frso4 (ttevn00y)Narn 2010 Tinh Nam 2010 Nam 2011 Nam 2012 1.Gia Lai 69.204,51 74.946,20 81.710,15 2.Lam Dong 60.120,83 65.948,48 69.826,11 171.179,24 187.592,60 188.222,25 4.flak Nang 29.230,53 32.667,00 27.877,56 5.Kon Turn 23.307,92 24.300,99 23.322,54 385.455,26 390.958,61 rang kha 610442 CTRSH (16rin04y)Nten 2011 Nem 2012 am Tong kb! luorba CTRSH Hinh I: kh6i lacing CTR sinh hoar phcit sinh qua ear 'Om CTR sinh hoat tren dia ban Tay TOng kh6i Nguyen phat sinh nam 2012 la 2.987,13 tan/ngay, tang 0,31% so vdi Warn 2010; tinh DakLak co mtic phat sinh cao nhat la 991,15 tan/ngay, thap nhgt la tinh Kon Turn vdi 259,64 tan/ngay T6ng kh6i ILIOng CTR sinh hoat dO thi tren dia ban Tay Nguyen phat sinh nam 2012 la 955,67 tan/ngay, tang 0,35% so veil nam 2010; dO tinh Lam Song CO mac phat sinh cao nhat la 292,62 taningay, thap nhat la tinh DakNong vdi 50,14 tan/ngay TOng kh6i ItiOng CTR sinh hoat nong than tren dia ban Tay Nguyen phat sinh nam 2012 la 2.031,46 tan/ngay, tang 0,29% so vdi nam 2010; dO tinh DakLak co mCIc phat sinh cao nhat la 723,03 tan/ngay, thap nhgt la tinh Kon Turn vdi 159,26 tan/ngay Thanh phan CTR sinh hoat du'Oc the hien bang Bang 1: phan CTR sinh haat Cac chi lieu phin tich S6' Ming mau pH Da int (%) TOC (mg/kg) Ung 11 (mg/kg) Gia Lai 13 4.20 - 5,80 54.0 - 67,0 280.000 - 470.000 Lam bang DakLak DakNong 12 10 4,75 - 5,25 4,60.5,20 55,0 - 65,0 465.000 - 495.000 45,6 - 61,5 350.000 - 520.000 20.000 - 28.000 25.000 26.500 17500.28.000 Kon Turn 20 4,23 - 4,78 50,0 - 65,0 341800 - 417.000 18.500 - 24.200 Tinh Tang CTR cong nghiOp (tiningay) CTR cong nghi0p: tong kh6i 'Ong CTR cong nghiep tren dia ban Tay Nguyen phat sinh nam 2012 la 750,76 tan/ngay, tang 0,1% so vdi nam 2010; tinh DakLak co mac phat sinh cao nhgt la 252,19 tan/ngay, thap nhat la tinh DakNOng vdi 55,61 taningay Khoi hiring CTR cong nghiep the hien d bang 3.flak LA Tang 353.043,02 CTR nguy hai: tong kh6i ltIc7ng CTR nguy hai tren dia ban Tay Nguyen phat sinh nam 2012 la 530,41 taningay, tang 0,1% so veil nam 2010; dO tinh DakLak co mix phat sinh cao nhat la 176,34 tan/ngay, thgp nhat la tinh DakNong vdi 50,56 tgn/ngay (bang 4) Bang 4: kh6i lacing CTR nguy hat Khol king CTR nguy hal (tan/ngay) Nam TOng CTR nguy DakNong Kon Turn i (tinIngay) Lam DOng Daklik Nam 2010 118,36 122,28 165,45 48,36 46,35 500,80 Nam 2011 120,28 125,42 169,91 48,65 46,69 510,95 Nam 2012 128,41 126,29 176,34 50,56 48,81 530,41 Gia Lai Thanh phgn chat thai nguy hai chia lam nhOrn: CTR sinh hoat nguy hai, CTR cong nghiep nguy hai, CTR nong nghiep nguy hai, CTR y to nguy hai M6i nhom co cac phan chat thai nguy hai khac CTR y to nguy hai nhu: chat thai lay nhrem, phong xa, bong bang, benh pham; CTR Wong nghiep nguy hal: bao bi dung phan bOn, vo chaff thu6c bao ve thkic vat; CTR cong nghiep nguy hal: ba quang thai chtla kim loaf nong, luting dOc to HCN san xuat tinh bOt sari; CTR sinh hoat nguy hai: pin, acquy, king den huj/nh quang va thOy tinh hoat tinh, cac thiet bi, linh kien dien So 17 nam 2014 - Tap cli KHOA 111 CONG NCH; WET N DIA PHUONG mignommow"Thvc trang kha nang phan lo0 tai nguon, tai set dung va tai che CTR o Tay Nguyen Phan lc* tai nguon: viec phan loai rac mang lai gia tri kinh to (nhCing chat thai co thd tai chg) da dkiac thkic hien thaing xuyen bai ngkioi dan va nhCing cong nhan thu gom rac Tai che va tai sei dung CTR: tren dia ban cac tinh Tay Nguyen chkia thkic hign viec tai che, tai sit dung CTR sinh hoat NhCing chat thai co kha nang tai chg ngLidi dan va ding nhan ye sinh m6i Kiang thu gom, phan loai roi chuydn dgn cac co sO tai chg khOng chinh thiic (cac dai 19 mua, ban phellieu) Du' bao tinh hinh phat sinh CTR tai cac tinh Tay Nguyen den nem 2020, Binh hu'ang an 2030 CTR sinh hoat: can cu vao dinh huang phat than dO thi, dan s6 va he s6 phat sinh CTR theo tung giai doan, kidc tinh kh6i Wong CTR sinh hoat phat sinh tai cac tinh Tay Nguyen dgn nem 2020 la 4.364 tan/ngay, nem 2030 la 6.545,96 tan/ Nay DV bao phan CTR sinh hoat vung se thay doi: phgn hCiu cd CTR sinh hoat se giam to 75% xuong 65%; phan CTR co thd tai chg nhu kim loai, thOy tinh, giay, nhkia se tang len 15-25%; phan v6 cci, khong CO kha nang tai chg chigm khoang 10% CTR ding nghiep: kh6i Iudng CTR cong nghiep phat sinh phu thuOc t6c dO phat than Ong nghiep, quy hoach, kg hoach phat trien cong nghigp cue vung Tay Nguyen lidc tinh den nem 2020, kh6i Wong CTR cong nghiep phat sinh khoang 1.276,3 tan/ngay, dO: chat thai co kha nang tai chg, tai sii dung khoang 740,3 tan/ngay; lai la chat thai khOng the tai che, thu hal va xii 19 DV bao dgn nem 2030 phat sinh khoang 1.914,44 tan/ngay CTR nong nghiap:kh6i luring CTR nong nghiep phat sinh phy thuOc vao dien tich canh tac va sanItiOng, cong suet san xuat cac cac loai vat nuoi, cay trot-1g, quy hoach, ka hoach ghat then nong nghiep cua yang Tay Nguyen liac tinh den nem 2020, kh6i Wang CTR nong nghiep phat sinh khoang 508.246,2 tan/ngay, dO CTR nong nghiep trot phat sinh khoang 946,86 tan/ngay, CTR nong nghiep chan nu6i phat sinh khoang 445,58 tan/ngay; chat thai co kha nang tai chg, tai sit dung khoang 1.113,96 tan/ngay, lai la chat thai khong the tai chg, thu hal va x11 ly CTR nguy hai: CTR nguy hai (phat sinh to hO gia dinh, cac ca so san xuat cong nghigp, bgnh vien, cac cd sd y to va hoat Ong san xuat nong nghiep) chigm tit le 10-20% tong Iudng CTR phat sinh Lick tinh dgn nem 2020, kh6i ludng CTR nguy hai khoang 615,92 tan/ngay Kit loan Qua qua trinh di6u tra, khao sat, nghien citu danh gia hien trang phat sinh va quan 19 CTR tren dia ban khu vkic 24 Tap chi 11110A HAI S6 17 nem 2014 CON NGHt VItT N Xei ly CTR b.ng 16 dot dang la bidn phap chit ygu, van phat thai nhieu thai ddc hai Tay Nguyen cho they, hien mac du ding tac thu gom, quan ly chat thai da dat dudc nhigu Wet qua tot: tji la thu gom CTR sinh hoat dO thi dao dOng to 24,5-77,6%, da hinh he thong thu gom CTR kha hieu qua theo hudng xa hOi hoa vdi ski tham gia cua Ong dong va nhieu ddn vi to nhan tai dia phUcIng Tuy nhien, tinh hinh xii 19 CTR nhigu bat cap: CTR sinh hoat tai cac khu thi chi mdi dudc xii 19 bang bien phap ch6n lap; cong nghe ch6n lap ding chLia Op ye sinh, nitric ri rac chkia ditac thu gom xit 19 hoac )6.'119 khong dat yeu cau CTR cong nghiep mai chi &talc thu gom va luu giii pham vi nha may CTR nong nghiep chLia dudc quan tarn va xit 19 Chat thai nguy hal sinh hoat thi ditoc trOn Ian va thu gom, xii ly chung vdi chat thai thong thkiong; chat thai nguy hal cong nghiep dudc lUu giCi nha may hoac hop clang vdi ddn vi co chitc nang dem di xii 19; chat thai nguy hai y to doc xit 19 bang d6t &lac dau tU tai cac benh vien, tai cac trung tam, cO s6 y to thi tien hanh chon lap khu6n vien; chat thai nguy hai to hoat dOng san xuat nong nghiep (bao bi thuac bao ye thkic vat) dudc ngitai dan vitt tai cho hoac chon lap ykion nha Cac tinh vung Tay Nguyen chkia CO khu 19 CTR cong nghiep va nguy hai cho mai dia phtiOng Vi vay, viec du bao kh6i lifOng CTR phat sinh khu ykic Tay Nguyen den 2020, dinh hiking den 2030 va nhan dinh cac ton tai quart 19 CTR tai khu vkic la can thigt, nham dua cac bien phap xil ly , quy hooch quan 19 CTR phu hop, mang tinh chat vung Tat lieu tham khan Chi cyc •Bao ye moi biking, 2013: Bao cao s6 31/BC-STNMT 10.5.2013 Ye hien trang thu gom va van chuyen xi/ ly CTR tinh Lam Song Chi cyc BA° ye mei trUong, 2013: Bac) cao trien khai thkic hien chkking trinh dau tv xi/ ly CTR giai clop 2011-2012, Lam D6ng Quyet dinh s6 2226/0D-UBND 26.10.2012 dm UBND tinh Lam D6ng ye viec phe duyet da cueing va kinh phi lap quy hoach (pan ly CTR tinh Lam Deng den 2020 SO Xay elk/rig, 2013: Bac) cao tom tat quy hoach tong the phial trien kinh to - xa hei tinh Lam D6ng den 2020 Trung tarn Kiem dinh quy hoach xay clkIng DakNOng, 2009: Bao cao tong hop "Dieu tra, thong ke nguon phat sinh CTR tren dia ban tinh DakNOng" SO Y re, 2012: Bao cao cong tac guar' I9 chat thAi y to tinh DakLak SO Tai nguyen va M6i trUting, 2012: Tinh hinh quan ly CTR trail dia ban tinh DakLak SO Y te, 2013: Tinh hinh quan ly chat thai y te tai cac benh vien tinh Gia Lai SO Xay dung, 2012: Bao cao ye quan ly CTR tinh Kon Turn 10 SO Tai nguyen va Moi Kiang, 2012: Bao cao hien trang m6i Kiang tinh Kon Turn nem 2012