Vice chuydn doi tir van hgc trung d;.ii sang van hgc hien dai d giai doan nay ddng nghia vdi vice thay doi ttr truyen thdng van boa nay sang mot loiii hinh van boa khac, tii' nen van boa
Trang 1TRONG LiNH VlTC VAN HOC (GIA DOAN DAU THE KY XX)
CAO THI HAO'
1 Budc sang the ky XX ddi vdi Viet Nam
khdng dan gian chi la ghi mdt diiu mdc thdi
gian vao quang dudng phat trien ciia lich sir
ma cdn la re sang mot con dudng khac trong
lich sLi' phat trien dan tdc Neu tir the ky XIX
ve trudc, Viet Nam va cac nude lang gieng
Ddng A quy tu trong mdt viing van boa rieng
ddc lap va khac biet vdi the gidi thi tir day da
xuiit hien mot mdi lien thdng giUa van boa
viing Ddng A vdi van boa the gidi boa viio
cudc sdng chung va gia nhiip quy dao vim
ddng ciia lich sir the gidi Vice chuydn doi tir
van hgc trung d;.ii sang van hgc hien dai d
giai doan nay ddng nghia vdi vice thay doi ttr
truyen thdng van boa nay sang mot loiii hinh
van boa khac, tii' nen van boa viing cd ngudn
gdc Han chuyen sang van boa Chau Au
mang ngudn gdc Hi - La cd vi trf chi phdi Cii
van boa the gidi cim hien dai."
Ddi vdi lich sir van boa Viet Nam sir thay
doi nay riit sau siic Nd bieu hien khdng dan
gian d chd cai nidi thay the cai cii, khdng
phiii hai cai cdng hii, ma thuc chiit la qua
trinh dai boa trdn, nhao nan cai cu va cai mdi
thiim chi la thay doi cdt each cua cai da
thanh truyen thdng dan tdc de thanh mdt Siin
phiim khac Dieu kien xiiy ra sir doi thay niiy
lii nude ta miit ddc liip, trd thanh thude dia
ciia thuc dan Phap Va viec thay doi nay
cung xuiit hien trudc hei la d phia thuc dan
Phap Hg mudn liim cho thude qudc doan
Thac sT Dai hoc Su pham Tiiai nguyen
tuyet vdi van boa dan tdc, Ii khai vdi anh hudng CLia Trung Qudc vdn dinh hinh trong van boa dan tdc Viet Nam tir mudi the ky
nay de t;.io liip mdt nin viin boa cd hdn cdt van boa phuong Tay Miit khac ""niejt phen thay de'ii se/n hid" nhu viiy cung dii la xu the
tiit yeu trong hoan ciinh the gidi hien dai Iiic
dd Ben canh con dudng Au boa theo thuc dan cdn cd con dudng Au boa ciia cac nhii Nho yeu nude Trong phong trao Ddng kinh nghia thuc chinh ciic nha Nho yeu nude cung
da van ddng cai each van boa, chii ddng giai quyei van dd tiep nhim van boa Chau Au de
tu cudng gianh ddc Iiip va hien dai hoa diit nude
2 Ndi den Ddng kinh nghia thuc ngudi ta thudng quan tam den vai trd duy tan ciia phong trao nay trong ITnh vuc van boa, kinh
te, chinh tri ma ft chii y den ITnh vuc van hgc Tuy nhien neu nhin tir gdc do khac - gdc do van boa, chiing ta se khdng the khdng khiing dinh vai trd ciia Ddng kinh nghla thuc ddi vdi van hgc Viet Nam giai doiin daU the ky
XX Theo chiing tdi, mdt trong nhirng ddng gdp quan trgng ciia phong trao Ddng kinh nghia thuc ma ttr trudc den nay chua dugc nhin nhiin mdt each thiiu dao dd la phong trao niiy da gdp phiin thay doi ldi tu duy nhiin thuc ciia ngudi Viet Nam
Ddng kinh nghia thuc ra ddi da kien nghi phe bd khoa cir, md trudng di^ii hgc, de xudng Ciii each phong boa, bd qudc phuc, mac Au
Trang 2phuc ciit biii td biit tdc ngdn bd quan niem hgc ky thuiil phong iriio \an hoii dim the ky
nhiit si dc cao viec thuc nghiep nhu khai ddn niiy da tiio cho ddc gia liim quen dim \di Idi
dien md hdi budn lam cdng nghe Phong tu duy phan tfch micu ui su \at mdt each cu
triio ncii len ram id tii' Biic vao Nam ngudi the', sat vdi thuc te Vice tao ra ihdi quen
Phiip sg nd bieii thanh each mang nen vdi thudng thirc mdi hi riit quan trong ddi vdi
diip tiit Diiu 1907 Ddng kinh nghia thuc bi qua trinh nhiin thiic sir viit hien lugng cd uic
nil giiiy phep Tuy Ddng kinh nghia thuc mdi dung thay doi diin each ciini each nghi each
chii y duy Uin d cac miit kinh te, chfnh tri xa tu duy theo kieu phuong Ddng dc hudng tdi
hoi nhung cac nha nho chii truang phong mot ldi tu duy nhiui thiic thuc ic phan tich
triio niiy cung dc ciip deii viec diing chu qudc hien tugng ciia phuong Tay Dieu nii)' hi riii
ngii, viei bao dich sach Hoan toan cd ly khi ciin thiei trong viec tiio dung mot thdi quen
chiing ta cho riing dd la hanh ddng mang linh suy nghi xuiit phat tir thuc tc cd ca sd khoa
van hoa chua thuc sir chii trgng dcii van hgc hgc cho ngudi Viet Nam
nghe Ihuiil Nhung dat viio bdi canh tam ly Mac dii tdn tiii irong khoiing thdi gian
Xii hoi hic dd ma xet thi hoiU ddng nay da Uio khdng dai nhung nhting gi ma Ddng kinh
ra mot xao trdn Idn trong ddi scing xii hdi nghiii thuc liio ra da dc lai nhirng du vang
Viel Niim co truyen Trong khi dai da sd khdng nhd trong mdt xa hdi vdn bi bao bgc
ngudi dan Vict Nam cdn dang thd bit Han bdi sir an phiin va thdi quen tu duy theo kieu
hoc liim gdi co truyen thi Ddng kinh nghTa hgc ihco va dinh siin Diic biet phong trao da
thuc dirge sang liip d Ha Ndi dc khai trf dan lac ddng niiinh iiic dcii cac nha Nho duy tan
chiuig Trudng da chii trgng lni)'LMi bii chfr Hg la nhting ngudi sc liio ra sir ihfch irng ciia
qudc ngCr diiy cac kicii ihiic pho thdng vc van hgc trong giai doiui diiu ciia qua trinh
Tiiy hgc Viio thdi diem dd che do khoa cir giao thai nay
Villi ton tiii, mdt phiin Idn dan sd irong nude 3 Van hgc Vict Nam giai doiin cudi the
vim cdn c a chi hd giii da nen nhiing dieu ky XIX diiu Ihe ky XX hi giai doan giao thai
thong thudng vc kien thirc tu nhien nhu hinh d dd tdn Uii hai bd phiin van hgc: van hgc cii
the trai diit, phep do dudng trdn thuyet canh ciia nha Nho d dia ban ndng thdn van tdn Uii
tranh ciia Darwin, thuyci dan udc ciia va van hgc mdi ctia irf thuc lu san d thanh Ihi
Rousseau dugc ddn nhiin nhu mdt bf thuiit dii le tc nhung da xuiit hien
ttio ra sue miinh cho phuang Tay 6 thimh thi bd phiin van hgc mdi dii bin
Theo chiing tdi vdi, vice dua nhu'ng kieii diiu manh nha tudng nhu bi ciit diil nhirng
thirc cd tfnh chiit khoa hgc vao ddi sdiig xa mdi day lien he vdi truyen thdng van hgc dan
hoi, Ddng kinh nghia thuc da liio ra mdt sir tdc Nd phiin anh su uich bicl ciia mdt bd
thiiy doi quan trgng trong ldi tu duy nhiin phim trf thiic tan hgc dirng ngoiii cudc diiu
thuc ciia ngudi Vict vdn quen nhin su vice tranh giai phdng dan tdc nhung khdng chiip
dira tren nhiing khudn miiu dinh san Qua nhiui nhirng ap dat do thuc dan dcni hii
viec gidi thieu nhu'ng kien thirc phd thdng, Nhu'ng tac giii tien phong ciia van hoc nidi da
nhirng thdng tin ve khoa hoc tu nhien khoa viei ve cudc sdng thimh thi dang ur sim boa
NGHIEN ecru DONG B^C fl SO 7(89) 7-2008 5 5
Trang 3cudc sdng ma hg vira thay thfch hgp vi pbii
hgp vdi tam ly thi hieu nhung lai vira mudn
chdi bd vi nd di ra ngoai nhirng khudn phep
diio dire da ban dii'u thanh nep trong tam trf
hg De boa nhap vao ddng chiiy ciia van hgc
the gidi nhirng trf thuc tan hgc da hgc tap
theo he thdng the loiii van hgc can hien diii
phuang Tay de xay dung cho dai nude mdt
nen van hgc mdi Hg da lap hii cdng viec ciia
nhu'ng trf thirc Dili Viet trong dieu kien mdi
Dieu kien thuc te khac trudc neu nhung trf
thiic Dili Viet xay dung van hgc Viet Nam
trong niem tir hao Idn: nude nha cd cuang
vuc rieng, ngang hang vdi Trung Qudc va
cac nude hoa ha khac thi nhirng trf thii'c tan
hgc viei vtm dudi sir chi phdi ciia chfnh sach
van boa nd dich ciia thuc dan Phap Neu nhu
van hgc trung did biei ket hgp cac gia tri
mang tfnh Trung Qudc va cac gia tri dan
gian de san sinh ra nhirng the loai rieng, diic
thu Viet Nam ma dinh cao la Viet boa he
thdng the loiii ngoai nhap, sang tiio he thdng
the loiii thuan Viet va ngdn ngii van hgc
bang tieng Viet thi van hgc mdi ciia trf thiic
tan hgc ngay liic mdi ra ddi da tu each ly vdi
van hgc dan gian, khdng dii can diim de ciip
den nhu'ng van de cdt tir ciia ddi sdng nhan
dan va su tdn vong ciia dan tdc Van hgc mdi
viio thdi diem nay chu yeu phiin anh cudc
sdng thanh thi dang tu siin hoa
Trong khi dd d mdt bd phan khac, ddng
diio ban va ram rd ban la van hgc cua nha
Nho va quan chiing ndng dan vSn giir vi trf
chii diio Cudi XIX dau XX xuat hien nhieu
tha ke su, ve hien thuc Tac gia ciia nd la nha
Nho, nhu'ng ngudi cd vdn van boa Han hgc
Ddi tugng thirdng thirc la ngudi ndng dan
vdn cu tu d ndng thdn - mdt dia ban rdng Idn
ciia nude ta liic dd Dua ndi dung hien thuc vao trong mdt hinh thii:c the loai cu quen thude vdi tam ly ngudi tiep nhan de thoii man nhu ciiu ciia hg ddng thdi thuc diiy sir thay
doi trong suy nghi ciia hg Do do ngdn ngif
sir dung la chii Ndm va chir qudc ngu" Sau hai cudc khai thac thude dia ciia thuc dan phiin Idn ngudi ndng dan di chuyen dia ban tir ndng thdn ra thanh thi, hg lam rat nhieu nghe va tiip hgp thanh tang Idp dudi trong xa hdi: cd sen, cau bdi, phu x c n h u ciiu thudng thii'c van hgc ciia hg da thay doi nhung viin cdn lien he vdi qua khiif Hg chua the lam quen ngay vdi nhirng the loai mdi me ciia phuang Tay do dd thinh hanh loiii van hgc van ve dap ii'ng nhu ciiu dgc, ke, nghe ciia nhu'ng ngudi tiing Idp dudi Cham ngdi cho cac hinh thirc van viin, ve ke sir la cac nha Nho duy tan va phong triio Ddng kinh nghia thuc Hg la nhirng ngudi diiu tien viei ve, didn ca de co ddng, tuyen truyen cho nhan dan
Nha Nho va phong tiiio Ddng kinh nghia thuc da dgn dudng cho tam ly tiep nhan, cho kieu tiep nhan van hgc mdi ciia ddc gia Viet Nam d giai doiin giao thdi Van hoa phiii cd truyen thdng va truyen thdng dd phu thude vao tam ly ngudi tiep nhan Doi mdi phai phii hgp vdi thdi diii va theo ddi hdi thuc te, phu hgp vdi cdng chung ddc giii tiep nhan tren ca sd cai mdi nhung phiii gan bd vdi truyen thdng Chfnh vi vay ndi den sir ra ddi cua van xudi qudc ngir Viet Nam ta khdng the khdng tfnh tdi vai trd cau ndi ciia ve ke sir, truyen van viin
Chiing ta thudng chi chu y den Nam Phong va ddng gdp ciia nd trong viec dua nhu'ng tu tudng mdi ve van hoc vao Viet
Trang 4Niim Thuc ra Nam Phe)ng d vao giai doiin
sau khi ma ddc gia vdi lugng kien thii'c hien
diii dugc ciip nhat tuong ddi cua minh dang
ddi hdi van hgc phai cd sir thay the ve hinh
thirc the hien Ve mat ly luan Nam Plie)ng da
diip iifng dugc yeu cau ciia thdi dai trong viec
thdng nhiit ngdn ngir, tuyen truyen tu tudng
mdi, gidi thieu tu tudng phuang Tay cho van
hoc nude nha Do viiy cd rat nhieu y kien
diinh gia de cao Nam Phong, coi Nam Plie>ng
nhu mdt dao su van nghe ma ai mudn thanh
nha viin phiii chiim but trong binh muc dd
Thirc ra chiing ta mdi chi nhin thay giai doan
sau - giai doiin dd nhin thay nhung anh'
hudng cu the cua van hgc nhai ma chua chii
y den giai doiin trudc dd - giai doan Ddng
kinh nghia thuc - thdi ky dgn dudng cho tam
ly tiep nhan van hgc hien diii
Giai doan diiu the ky XX, ciic nha Nho
duy tan va phong triio Ddng kinh nghia thuc
ciia minh la ngudi dgn dudng va chuiin bi
cdng chiing cho van hgc hien dai Bdi vi ben
Ciinh vice ciiu nu'dc thi viec giir gin mdt nen
van hoa cung la tdi can thiei trong didu kien
luc dd khi van boa phuong Tay tran viio nude
ta mot each d iit, xuat hien nguy co bi nd
dich ve van hoa Ttim ly tiep nhan van hgc
mdi da dugc cac nha nho duy tan chuiin bi d
hai ciip do
Truire het, cac nha Nho duy tan da phe
phan van chuang cir tir, tuyen bd tir bd van
chuang thanh hien, tir bd ldi viei khoa cir
Hiin hgc va viei theo hinh thii'c mdi de dap
ii^ng nhu ciiu ciia ddc giii Ong tham hoa noi
tieiig hay tha da tu tay ddt thi tap ciia chinh
minh (Nguydn Thugng Hien) Ba dng tien ,sT,
phd biing mdi dd Ien an thi cir (Phan Chau
Trinh viei Chi thdnh thdng thdnh phe phan
hgc thuiu cu xoa bd nen giao due khoa cir Han hgc Triin Quy Cap va Hu)nb Thiic
Khang viet phii Cdu luemg ngge tid danh son
ke nhung chuyen thuc te de kfch ddng, cd ddng tuyen truyen) Cdn Phan Bdi Chau dau giai nguyen dugc dac each treo rieng mdt bang ma tu thiiy xii'u hd Van cir tir bi chfnh nhu'ng ngudi diii dien tieu bieu nhiit cho nd Ien an khai tir Chinh nha Nho, ngudi cd vai trd dac biet quan trgng trong mdi trudng van boa truydn thdng - chi cd hg mdi la ngudi cd quydn va khach quan nhiit dd phe bd Idi hgc tir chuang va each viet cii Bdi vl nha Nho khdng dan gian chi la trf thii'c ciia che do
phong kien ma hg cdn cd tu each hi ""nguiri huimg dgo tinh tlidid ciia ndng thdn, grin bd
va him thiiy cho ndng dan, la ngudi sang tac van hgc tieu bidu cho van hgc ti^ydn thdng ciia dan tdc Tir gdc do niiy chiing ta cd the cho riing nhung nha Nho duy tan la nhu'ng ngudi diiu tien dua van hgc Viet Nam tii' van hgc vLing mang tfnh phuang Ddng gia nhiip viio quy dao van hgc the gidi van hgc phuang Tay qua viec phe bd viin hgc cu
Hai Id, hg da him mdi cac the loai cu bang
viec dua nhirng ndi dung mdi viio dd Su xuiit hien kha phong phii cua ve, truyen tho, ky sir, du kl biing tha dudi hinh thii'c chir Ndm
va qudc ngir viio cudi the ky XIX la mdt minh chii'ng Nhirng sang tiic nay dugc viet bang van viin nhung liii mang oiiu iin ciia hinh thii'c truyen: cd tinh tiet, cd cdt truyen
Cu the nam 1882 Nguydn Viin Giai viel Hd Thdnh the'd tlui chi ce')ng qiid ca (Chfnh khf
ca) gdm 140 cau luc biit kc sir vice thanh Ha Ndi bi hii, Nguydn Tri Phuang tuan tidi Cd den giiip ta phiui cdng hai ben ki hoa udc Giap Tuiit Hoang Dieu ra Iriiii thanh Ha Ndi
Trang 5dd niiii thiinh Nam 1885 Nguydn Thi Bich ndi thich hefp ve'ri tdm hdn me)t sei si phu di (mdt cung nu ciia vua Tu Diic) viet Le)gn du tim quen Idng trong nhdn Igc Didnig luitt hanh thue qiie'ie dm ca (Hanh thuc ca) dai hdt cu hay td tiiyi't due/c siing hd me)t thiri
1036 cau luc bat ke lai nhung bien cd xiiy ra thinh hdnh " '''(2) ma dang chii y hi sir xuiit
d Hue khi dd Theo Phiim The Ngu ""hdi ve hien phong phii ciia nhu'ng bai ca luc bat de ihiri su " nay khien nha so;.in sii' Tnin Trgng ke su (O day chiing tdi khdng ke den nhung
Kim phiii dua vao dd de liiy lu lieu viet sii' bai dugc dich tir chfr Han ra qudc ngu' bang
nhu dng da thii'a nhiin: ""Nhinig Irityen ei' Iiic bat hoiic song thiit luc bat de tuyen Irong trii'ii luc e'iy phdn nhii'ii Id liiy d quyen truydn each iTUing cua Phan Boi Chau Hgnli ihite ca eua Le tdn Ngiiyin NhiU/e tin Nguydn Thugng Hien Phan Chau Trinh
Bd Id mdt cung phi cua vua Tu Difc sou hd him cho ddi sdng van viin cue ky sdi ddng d Idin thu ki che> hdTii Du nen vii'c tre)ng trii'it giai doan niiy) Trong thuc te van hgc thdi
bd biet due/c reT''^\ Huefng sefn nheit trinh ciia doiin nay ta bat giip riit nhidu tac phiim viei
Chu Manh Trinh dai 138 cau luc bat ke cudc biing the luc bat (dai tren 100 cau) Phiii hiinh tiinh tir Ha Ndi qua Ha Ddng phu IJhg chang truyen tha tai tii giai nhan d giai doiin Hoa tdi chiia ngoai chiia trong rdi ngugc trudc dang trd !iii chi phdi van dan ? Ndi dudng ra vd nhu mdt bai du kf Ldi van dung cac tac phiim cho chiing ta mdt cau tra giiin di ndm na nhu kc truyen binh dan ldi thiit rd rimg: the tha luc biit dugc diing de Trong sudt mdt ngan nam lich sir chua ghi hii ke lai nhOng sir kien thuc le chi tiet bao gid hgc giii Vict Nam diing van qudc am lich su' nhu'ng bidii cd ciia thdi cudc liic dd
dc ghi nhu'ng bien cd xiiy ra d duang thdi chir khdng phiii ke chuyen ciia lich sii' qua mdt each true licp Liin diiu tien the van hdi khii' hay chuyen tinh lai tir giai nhan Cac lac
ki lich sir xuiit hien d Viet Nam dudi hinh phiim nay nhidu khi mang tfnh chiit vc ihiic tha ndm ghi lai nhung bidn cd lich sir nghicMig vd phfa binh dan ban la bac hgc micu ta cu the khdng che diiu su thuc Nhiing Chiit lieu ddi sdiig hang ngiiy biit diiu di viio chi liet lich sir dugc tiinh bay mdt each ti mi tha Trudc day chua bao gid con ngudi va sir chan xac cu the tir nam thang den ngay gid vice xung quanh vdi chiit thdi sir ltd cd miit ciia tirng bidn cd Chiing ta cd the If giai hien trong tha nhidu nhu the Chua bao gid khdng tugng niiy nhu thd nao ? gian tha hii hi nhii'ng khdng gian giin gui ddi Cudi the ky XIX diiu the ky XX vim hgc thudng nhu viiy va cung chua he thiiy mdt Viet Nam da cd cudc bien thien riit quan ngdn ngu" ddi sdng iia vao tha phong phii va trgng cd le mdt diiu hieu quan trgng ft dugc da dang ddii the Vc Iiic bat da dap iing dugc liiih den la tfnh chiit thdi sir ua vao trong tha nhu ciiu ve thdng tin ciia ddc giii Day chfnh Trong ddi sdng van hgc nude nha d buoi giao la mdt trong nhung con dudng dan ddn sir
thai nay khdng chi xuiit hien "nhinig hdi hdt xuiit hien ciia van xudi Mudn duoc cdnsi
' " Pham The Ngu (1974) Met Nam vdn hoc sie gid n irdc '"' Pham Tlie Ngu (1974) Met Nam vdn hoc sie gid n ledc kill hien tap 3 Qudc hgc tiing thu Sai Gon tr38 tdn hien tap 3 Quoc hoc lung Ihu Sai Gon Tr 26
58 NGHIEN CCfU DONG B^C fl SO 7(89) 7-2008
Trang 6chiing hirdng irng thudng thirc thi viin
chuang phai dap irng dugc thi hieu ciia cdng
chiing: tfnh ham chuyen hi thfch tin tuc thdi
sir nhu'ng su kien giat gan mdi me Nhim
xcl vd uic phiim Chinh khi ca ciia Nguydn
Van Giai Thanh Lang cung khiing dinh:
""Nguyen Vdn Giai dem nie'n cdi gi me'ri me'
vdo vdn he)c Viet Nam: me'ri me a did diing
lift thef que'ic dm de ghi nliUng bieii ed lich sit
me'ri me' hem d did tdc gid thdnh tliUe klie')ng
lip md, me'ri me e'r chd cde nhdn vat ggi bdng
ten thin, dire/e phe hinh me)t cdch thdng thdn,
gay gin, mia mai, niifi me nhdt, cdeh mang
nhin e'r die') tdi lii'u ddi dde> vd ti mi^^''' Sir
thay ddi ciia van chuang tir truyen tho tai tii'
giai nhan den ve luc bat khdng chi d vice
thay ddi dd tai, ndi dung ngdn ngu' ma chii
yeu d sir thay ddi quan he tac gia vdi cdng
chiing Didu niiy dan den viec thay ddi ca
tfnh chiit van hgc Cac tac phiim van viin nay
da phiin anh nhu'ng viin dc thuc tc ciia xa hdi
hic dd nhiim tac ddng tdi nhiin thirc ciia ddc
giii - nhung ngudi ndng dan dang bat diiu
thay ddi tam ly, thi hieu ciia minh Tha yeu
nirdc ciia nha nho tac ddng den tha trao
phung, ve ciia ndng dan va chinh thir van hgc
chua dugc bien diii boa dd vd sau tac ddng
den van hgc thanh thi ciia tiing Idp tieu tu sim
Vii vd Siin Tiing lap tidu tu siin va vd san la
Idp ngudi thanh thi nhung hii giin ndng dan,
nhii nho ban la giin tu san Ndn van hgc ciia
mot nude thuc sir chuydn sang hien diii viet
Ihco kieu phuong Tay khi ddi tugng thirdng
thii'c ddng dao ciia nd phiii chiip nhiin didu
do 0 giai doan giiio thdi, nha nho da lam
thiiy giai ciip tu siin va tiing Idp tieu tu san
trong viec xiiy dung mdt ndn van hgc ciin hien diii Day la mdt trong nhiin ti dac diem diic thii ciia van hgc Viet Nam khi budc vao thdi ky hien dai boa
4 Nhu viiy cham ngdi la phong trao Ddng kinh nghia thuc, lidp dd la nhu'ng nha Nho duy tan da tiio nhung tidn dd ditu tien cho van hgc hien diii du nhiip vao Viet Nam qua vice tao dung mdt Idi nhiin thirc mdi phe bd van chuong cir lii va each tan cac the loiii truyen thdiig Vai trd ciia cac nha Nho nay quii that khdng phiii la nhd Nhung lieu vdi
tu duy va the gidi quan nha Nho vai trd ciia
hg cd tiep tuc dugc khiing dinh ddi vdi thdi cudc khdng khi lich sii' dang doi hdi phat trien theo hudng hien diii? Viin de niiy ciin mdt nghien ciiu sau ban nua ma chiing tdi dang theo dudi
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Phiim The Ngu (1974), Viet Nam van hoe sir gidii iiife tdii hien, lap 3, Quoc hoc
tiing thu, Siii Gon tr38, tr.6
2 Thanh Liing (1967), Bang luge do van hgc Viet Nam Nxb Trinh bay, Sai Gon, lr.62
3 Triin Dinh Hugu (1999), Nlie> gido vd van hoe Viet Nam Iriiiig edn dgi, Nxb Giao due, Hii
Noi
4 Tran Dinh Hugu - Le Chi Dung (1996),
(tai ban), Vdn tige Viet Neim 1900 - 1930, Nxb
Giiio due Ha Noi
5 Nguyen van Hoiin (2000), Chie qtide iigi7
vd stephdl trieii ei'ia van hod Viet Nam Tiip chi
Vein hoc, sd 9, Hii Noi
6 Chuang Thiiu (1982) Doug Kinh iigliia thue vd phong trdo edi edeli van hod dau the ky
XX, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi Ha Ndi
'''Tlianh Lang (1967) Bdng heac do vdn hoc \'iei Nam
Nxb'I'rinh bay .Sai Gon 11(32