Báo cáo khoa học: Vấn đề quản lý chất lượng quá trình dạy học ở các trường đại học ngoại ngữ docx

Khoa hoc Gido due- Ngh VAN DE QUAN U CHAT LUtfNG QUA TRINH DAY HOC Of CAC TRITONG DAI HOC NGOAI NGUf • TUS. NGUYEN QUANG GIAO Trudng Dai hoc Ngoai ngu - Dai hoc Da Ndng V iet Nam la mot dat nu"6c dang phat then, vi vay ngoai ngCr la cong cu ho trd dac Idc giiip chung ta day nhanh qua trinh hpi nhap, hdp tac de phat then. Dac biet khi Viet Nam trd thanh thanh vien chinh thdc cua To chdc thddng mai the gidi (WTO) thi vai trd cua ngoai ngd tai Viet Nam cang trd nen can thiet, bdi le ngoai ngd la chiec cau ndi quan trong gida Viet Nam va ban be qudc te. Mat khac, trong sd nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda cua nddc ta hien nay, viec di tat, ddn dau de con ngddi Viet Nam cd the vddn len tarn cao tri tue the gidi ddi hdi chung ta phai thdng thao ngoai ngu". Day chinh la phddng tien hud ich phuc vu cho viec giao tiep, trao ddi kinh te, van hda, tiep can nhdng nguon tri thdc tinh hoa cua nhan loai. Chinh vi vay, chat Idpng qua trinh day hpc (QTDH) d cac cd sd dao tao ngoai ngd ndi chung, dac biet d cac trddng dai hpc Ngoai ngd (DHNN) ndi rieng phai ddpc dam bao, hay ndi each khac cac trddng DHNN phai quan li chat Iddng (QLCL) QTDH cua nha trddng. 1. Quan li chat lddng qua trinh day hoc 1.1. Qua trinh day hoc Theo cac tac gia Ha The Ngd, Dang Vu Hoat [1], QTDH la mot qua trinh, trong dd dddi tac dung chu dao cua thay hpc sinh td giac tich cut td td chdc, td dieu khien hoat dpng nhan thdc nham thdc hien tot cac nhiem vu day hpc. Xet ve mat hoat dpng, trong QTDH dien ra ddng thdi 2 hoat dpng luon gan bd mat thiet vdi nhau, ton tai cho nhau va vi nhau, dd la: Hoat dpng day va hoat dpng hpc. Trong dd, mdi hoat dpng deu bao gdm 2 giai doan. - Ddi vdi hoat dpng day: Giai doan thd nhat la giai doan giang vien (GV) nghien cdu npi dung giang day, dac diem sinh vien (SV), phddng tien day hpc, Ida chpn cac md hinh td chdc Idp hpc Tddd GV quyet dinh Ida chpn cac phddng phap phu hpp de day tdng ddn vi npi dung; tien hanh xay ddng ke hoach bai hpc. Giai doan thd hai. GV len Idp, td chdc day. Thdc chat dd la qua trinh phoi hdp hoat dpng cua GV va SV tren Idp. - Ddi vdi hoat dpng hpc: Giai doan thd nhat SV phd'i hdp vdi hoat dpng cua GV tren Idp. Day la qua trinh SV hoat dpng hpc dddi sddieu khien cua GV. Giai doan thd hai, SV td hpc, td giai quyet cac bai tap de nam chac li thuyet, ren luyen ki nang thdc hanh, ghi nhd, td kiem tra bang each bieu dat cho ngddi khac hieu dddc. 1.2. Quan If chat luong qua trinh day hoc Trddc tien, QLCL la thuat ngd dddc sd dung de mieu ta cac phddng phap hoac quy trinh nham kiem tra, danh gia xem cac san pham cd dam bao cac thong so chat Iddng theo yeu cau, muc dich da dinh san khong. Dac trdng cd ban cua QLCL la quan If theo chua'n bao gdm 3 hoat dpng dddc tien hanh ddng thdi, lien tuc: Xac lap cac muc tieu va chua'n mdc, danh gia thdc trang ddi chieu vdi chuan, cai tien thdc trang theo chuan. QLCL QTDH khong ddn thuan la quan li chat Iddng cua QTDH, ma dddc hieu la quan li QTDH theo tiep can QLCL. Khac vdi md hinh quan li QTDH theo chdc nang dang ap dung phd bien trong cac trddng DH d Viet Nam hien nay, QLCL QTDH la mo hinh quan li theo cac chua'n mdc dddc xac dinh td trddc thdng qua viec thdc hien nghiem tiic cac quy trinh da ddpc xay ddng, ddng thdi tien hanh danh gia thdc trang ddi chieu vdi chuan lam cd sd cho cai tien thdc trang theo chua'n. Ap dung QLCL QTDH dam bao chat Iddng QTDH dddc duy tri, cai tien va hddng den thda man nhu cau cua khach hang. Dong thdi khac phuc dddc han che cd hdu cua mo hinh quan li theo chdc nang mang tinh hanh chinh, chi huy, bao cap sang md hinh quan li chat Iddng theo cac tieu chua'n dddc Idpng hda. Hon nda, quan li QTDH theo tiep can QLCL giup can bp quan li (CBQL), GV, SV thdng qua viec thdc hien cac quy trinh vdi cac chua'n mdc se phat hien ddoc 46 KHGD so 57, thdng 6 - 2010 nf T—ft Nghien cdu •Khoa hoc Gido due loi xay ra trong qua trinh thdc hien nham dam bao va nang cao chat luong QTDH. Trong QLCL QTDH thi QTDH dUdc thiet ke thanh mot quy trinh bao gom viec tuan thu nghiem ngat cac bu6c thuc hien vdi cac chuan, tieu chi danh gia ddpc xac lap td trddc nham dam bao chat Iddng QTDH. 2. Thuc trang QLCL QTDH d cac trudng DHNN hien nay Oe tim hieu thdc trang QLCL QTDH d cac trudng DHNN, chung toi da tien hanh khao sat y kien cua 108 CBQL, GV cua 3 trddng DHNN tren toan qudc (DHNN - OHQG Ha Noi, DHNN - OH Hue, DHNN - OH Da Nang) vdi ket qua khao sat the hien d Bang 1 nhd sau: Bang 1: ThUc trang QLCL QTDH d cac trudng DHNN Cac npi dung danh gia Ketqua Cac npi dung danh gia So lupng Ti le % Cac npi dung danh gia CP Khong CP Khong - Xac lap chuan 12 96 11,1 88,9 - Cac thu tuc, quy trinh 23 85 21,3 78,7 - Tieu chi danh gia cac quy trinh 18 90 16,7 83,3 - Thuc hien cac thu tuc, quy trinh 25 83 23,1 76,9 - Do ludng, thu thap va xd li so lieu 20 88 18,5 81,5 - Lap ke hoach cai tien 22 86 20,4 79,6 - Thdc hien cai tien 17 91 15,7 84,3 Ket qua khao sat y kien cua CBQL, GV danh gia thdc trang QLCL QTDH d cac trddng DHNN d Bang 1 cho thay cac trddng DHNN hau nhd chua then khai cac noi dung QLCL QTDH vdi ket qua danh gia tren 75% y kien khao sat trd len. Tren thdc te, cac trddng DHNN hien nay dang ap dung md hinh quan li truyen thdng la quan li dao tao vdi dac trdng la kiem soat chat Iddng thong qua ket qua thi (gida ki, cudi ki). ket qua hoc tap (hpc ki, nam hpc) cua SV va trien khai theo ke hoach cua nam hpc. Trong xu the hpi nhap va phat then hien nay, khi cac qudc gia tien tdi viec cong nhan bang cap cua nhau, QLCL QTDH thdng qua he thdng quan li dao tao truyen thdng khong con phu hpp bdi QLCL von la quan li theo chuan va cac chuan ddpc nha trddng xay ddng dda tren sd mang, muc tieu dao tao cua nha trudng; muc tieu cua nganh hpc, mdn hoc va hudng den thda man nhu cau cua khach hang, ddng thdi cac chuan dd phai ddpc cdng khai vdi khach hang va xa hpi. Cac trddng dai hpc ndi chung, cac trddng DHNN ndi rieng can then khai QLCL QTDH theo chuan, tieu chi vdi cac thu tuc, quy trinh cu the. 3. Giai phap QLCL QTDH d cac trddng DHNN De quan li QTDH theo tiep can QLCL cac trudng DHNN can ap dung ddng bp cac giai phap sau: 3.1. Xac lap cac chuan muc cua QTDH Cac trddng DHNN dda tren sd mang, muc tieu cua ddn vi de xay ddng cac chuan mdc chat Iddng can dat ddpc. Cac chuan muc chat lupng ddng thdi the hien nhdng yeu cau, hay ki vpng ma nha trddng phai phan dau de dat ddpc. Cac chuan mdc chat Iddng the hien d chuan dau ra san pham dao tao cua nha trddng cung nhd chuan can dat dddc khi SV hoan thanh mot mon hpc dddc the hien trong de cddng mdn hpc. Khi xac lap chuan chat Iddng, cac trddng DHNN can tranh tinh trang giam cac chuan mdc chat Idpng de de dat dddc hoac tuan thu bp tieu chuan do cac chuyen gia xac lap trong dd cd nhieu tieu chuan khong hoac chda phu hdp vdi sd mang, muc tieu, dieu kien thuc hien cua nha trddng. 3.2. Xay dung quy trinh day hpc theo tiep can he thdng Quy trinh la su chuyen hda mang lai gia tri gia tang. Quy trinh trong QLCL chinh la cac budc thuc hien theo trinh tudoi vdi tdng npi dung quan li. Tren co sd cac chuan mdc chat Idpng da ddpc xac lap, cac trddng OHNN can xay ddng quy trinh day hpc nham dat ddpc cac chuan mdc dd. Quy trinh day hpc theo quan diem he thdng bao gdm 3 giai doan. trong dd dau ra giai doan trddc la dau vao cua giai doan ke tiep va tac dpng qua lai vdi nhau, bao gdm: KHGD sd 57, thdng 6 - 2010 47 Giai doan Chuan bi Thuc thi Danh gia Cai tien Noi dung - Phan tich nhu cau, bao gom: + Xac dinh vi tri mon hoc trong chuong trinh cua bac hoc hay cap hpc + Dieu tra doi tucing SV: Kiem tra kien thue nen; dieu tra phong each hpc cua SV; dieu tra hung thu cua SV vdi mon hoc + Nghien cuu dieu kien vat chat - kT thuat ho tra viec day - hpc mon hoc - Xac dinh muc tieu mon hoc, bai hoc, xay dung de cuang mon hpc. chuan bi tai lieu, phJdng phap, phuong tien, cong cu, kiem tra, danh gia - Chuan bi ke hoach bai day, bao gom: + Viet muc tieu bai day + LUa chpn, sap xep noi dung day hoc + Lua chpn hinh thuc to chCrc day hpc, phuong phap, phUdng tien, cong cu, kiem tra, danh gia Tien hanh cac budc len Idp theo giao an Kiem tra, danh gia Lap ho so danh gia cai tien sau bai, sau hoc ki Ke hoach danh gia cai tien Dieu chinh, cai tien 3.3. Xac dinh cac tieu chi danh gia quy trinh day hoc Tieu chi dddc xem la nhurng diem kiem soat. Trong QLCL, cac tieu chi dddc sir dung de danh gia dau vao, qua trinh, dau ra cua cac quy trinh cung nhu cac budc trong quy trinh. Vi vay, cac truong DHNN can tien hanh xay dung cac tieu chi cu the danh gia cac bddc thuc hien quy trinh day hpc nham giup cac thanh vien trong trudng va khach hang nhan biet qua trinh thuc hien cung nhu mUc dp dat dupe cua cac quy trinh. 3.4. Van hanh, do ludng, danh gia, thu Giai doan Noi dung Tieu chi danh gia Chuan bi - Nhan Idp - Xay dung de cddng mon hoc - Lap ke hoach day hoc - Chuan bi tai lieu, phddng phap, phddng tien day hoc - Oe cUdng mon hpc - Ke hoach giang day - Giao an - Xac dinh giao trinh, tai lieu tham khao Thuc thi - Tien hanh giang day tren Idp - Kiem tra viec ITnh hpi va ap dung bai hoc cua SV - Bo sung kien thCVc SV chua hieu - Oam bao theo giao an - PhUdng phap giang day phu hdp - Sir dung phUdng tien giang day - Mdc dp ITnh hoi va ap dung bai hoc cua SV - SV nam vung kien thdc cua bai hpc Danh gia cai tien - Tien hanh lay y kien danh gia gid giang. danh gia mon hpc cua SV - Oinh ki lay y kien danh gia cua dong nghiep, to bp mon - Dieu chinh, cai tien hoat dong day va chuyen sang bai mdi. - Ket qua y kien danh gia ciia SV, dong nghiep, td bo mon - Hoat dpng giang day cua GV da dddc cai tien thap va xu li so lieu Van hanh dupe xem la chUc nang quan trong trong QLCL bdi le hoat dong QLCL se khong dupe thdc hien neu cac quy trinh da xay dung khong dupe van hanh hoac khong van hanh dupe. Sau khi quy trinh day hpc dupe xay dung vdi cac chuan chat lupng can dat dupe, cac tieu chi danh gia cu the, cac trudng DHNN can yeu cau toan the GV trong trudng thdc hien nghiem tuc. day du cac bddc cua quy trinh day hpc. Ben canh dd, trong qua trinh thdc hien quy trinh day hoc, nha trudng can thu thap cac so lieu ve chat Iddng QTDH; tien hanh xd li sd lieu thddng xuyen, lien tuc de cd nhdng thdng tin chinh xac nham danh gia hoat dpng QLCL QTDH, ddng thdi la cd sd de xay ddng ke hoach cai tien. Can cd ke hoach cai tien da dddc xay ddng, cac trddng DHNN tien hanh cai tien nham khong ngUng nang cao chat lupng QTDH gdp phan nang cao chat Idpng dao tao cua nha trddng. Ket luan Trong xu the hpi nhap hien nay, ngoai ngd cang trd nen quan trong trong vai trd cau ndi bdi le con dddng tiep can moi thanh tdu van hda, tien bp khoa hpc va kT thuat cua the gidi, con dudng hdi nhap vao kinh te va cong ddng the gidi deu phai di qua cai cau 48 KHGD so 57, thang 6 - 2010 in Nghien cu*u ngoai ngd. Vi vay, chat Idpng san pham dao tao ndi chung, chat lddng QTDH cua cac trddng DHNN ndi rieng luon nhan dddc sd quan tarn cua toan xa hoi. Dam bao va nang cao chat Iddng QTDH la mot trong nhdng nhiem vu bit bupc cua cac trddng DHNN. Trong dd, cac trddng DHNN can QLCL QTDH cua nha trddng vdi viec thdc hien ddng bp cac giai phap: Xac lap cac chuan mdc cua QTDH; xay ddng quy trinh day hpc theo tiep can he thdng; xac dinh cac tieu chi danh gia quy trinh day hpc; van hanh, do Iddng, danh gia, thu thap va xir li so lieu lam cd sd cho viec cai tien va tien hanh cai tien. Thdc hien ddng bp cac giai phap vda neu, chat Iddng QTDH cua cac trddng DHNN se luon dddc dam bao, duy tri va cai tien. Khoa hpc Gido due TAI Ll£U THAM KHAO 1. Ha The Ngu, Dang Vu Hoat (1987), Giao due hoc tap I, NXB Giao due, Ha Npi. 2. Nguyen Dire Chinh (2008), Danh gia chat It/gng trong giao due, Khoa Su pham, DHQG Ha Ndi. 3. Nguyen Dire Chinh (2009), Tai lieu tap huan KI nang nghe nghiep cho giao vien THPT, Trudng Dai hpc Giao due, DHQG Ha Npi. 4. Warren Piper, D. (1993), Quality Management in Universities, Canberra: AGPS. SUMMARY The author looks into the management of teaching process quality of 3 foreign languages universities (Hanoi. Hue, Da Nang), proposes solutions for managing teaching process quality: setup of teaching process standards; sys- tematic design of teaching process; establishing assess- ment criteria for teaching process; operating, measuring, collecting and processing data. DINH HlTOfNG GIA TRI NHAN CACH CUA HOC SINH TRUNG HOC PHO THONG (Tiep theo trang 45) cac hoat dpng da dang vdi cac hinh thdc phong phu, phu hdp vdi nhu cau ciia HS da cudn hut cac em tham gia tich ede vao cac hoat dpng chung. Dac biet cac hoat dpng thanh nien tinh nguyen, chien dich "miia he xanh", da that sd thuyet phuc cac em HS THPT DBSCL khi cac em hieu dddc y nghTa xa hpi va gia tri nhan van ciia nd. Ciing vdi xa hpi, cac doan the tap trung vao cac npi dung sau: - Tang cddng giao due dao ddc, y thdc cong dan, long yeu nddc, truyen thdng dan tpc, - Tap trung xay ddng moi trddng hoc dddng lanh manh, xay ddng Idi song van minh cho HS. - Tang cddng tinh tich cut, dpc lap ciia HS thong qua cac hoat dong hpc tap. lao dpng. the due the thao, hoat dpng xa hpi, Sd phoi hdp ddng bp cac bien phap tren cd the giup HS THPT ITnh hpi, tiep nhan cac thong tin, kien thdc mdi de lam cd sd phan tich, danh gia va cd thai dd Ida chon dung din cac gia tri tich cut cho ban than. Ddng thdi qua trinh nay con giup cac em kiem nghiem va td dieu chinh cac quan diem, niem tin, thai dp cua minh cho phu hdp vdi yeu cau nhan each chuan mdc ciia xa hpi. TAI Ll£U THAM KHAO 1. Do Ngpc Ha, Dinh hwdng gia tri cua thanh nien sinh vien hien nay, Luan an tien sT Tarn li hpc,2002. 2. Nguyen Quang Uan, Nguyen Thac, Mac Van Trang, Gia tri - Dinh hwong gia tri nhan each va giao due gia tri, Be tai KX-07-04, Ha Ndi,1995. 3. Nguyen Xuan Yem, Phong chdng cac loai toi pham d Viet Nam thdi ki doi mdi, NXB Cong an nhan dan, 2005. 4. Nguyen Van Anh, Van de giao due dinh hudng gia tri trong boi canh Viet Nam gia nhap WTO, Tap chi Khoa hoc Giao due - Thang 9/2007. 5. Pham Minh Hac, Giao due nhan each, dao tao nhan life, NXB Chinh tri qudc gia,1997. 6. I.X. Kon, Tarn li hoc thanh men, NXB Tre,1987. SUMMARY From personality values survey among high school students in Mekong delta, the author comes up with 4 measures which could enhance the value education: prop- aganda, family role, teaching - learning activities, coordi- nation with social organizations. KHGD so 57, thdng 6 - 2010 49 . Khoa hoc Gido due- Ngh VAN DE QUAN U CHAT LUtfNG QUA TRINH DAY HOC. se phat hien ddoc 46 KHGD so 57, thdng 6 - 2010 nf T—ft Nghien cdu Khoa hoc Gido due loi xay ra trong qua trinh thdc hien nham dam bao va