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Lý thuyết Thì quá khứ hoàn thành 1 Thể khẳng định Cấu trúc S + had + VpII Trong đó S (subject) Chủ ngữ Had trợ động từ VpII động từ ...............................phân từ II (Quá khứ phân từ) Ví dụ She had had breakfast before we c.
Lý thuyết Thì q khứ hồn thành Thể khẳng định Cấu trúc: S + had + VpII Trong đó: S (subject): Chủ ngữ Had: trợ động từ VpII: động từ phân từ II (Quá khứ phân từ) Ví dụ: She had had breakfast before we came (Cô ăn sáng trước tới) Thể phủ định Cấu trúc: S + had not + VpII Lưu ý: hadn’t = had not Ví dụ: Linda hadn’t washed the dishes when her mother came home (Linda chưa rửa bát mẹ cô đến nhà.) Thể nghi vấn a Câu hỏi Yes/No question Cấu trúc: Had + S + VpII? Trả lời: Yes, S + had No, S + hadn’t Ví dụ: 1|Page Had he left when we went to bed? (Anh lúc ngủ phải không?) Yes, he had /No, he hadn’t b Câu hỏi WH- question Cấu trúc: WH- + had + S + VpII +…? Ví dụ: What had you done before midnight yesterday? (Cậu làm trước nửa đêm hơm qua?) Cách sử dụng Diễn tả hành động, trạng thái xảy trước thời điểm định khứ Ví dụ: She had travelled around the world before 2010 (Cô vòng quanh giới trước năm 2010.) Diễn tả hành động, trạng thái hoàn thành thời điểm khứ, nhấn mạnh vào kết mà đem lại Ví dụ: We were happy because we’d done our homework (Chúng vui chúng tơi làm xong hết tập nhà) Vào thời điểm nói, hành động “làm tập nhà” (had done our homework) hoàn thành câu nói nhấn mạnh vào kết mà đem lại, “chúng tơi vui” (we were happy) Dấu hiệu nhận biết Dấu hiệu nhận biết khứ hoàn thành thường liên từ Các từ nhận biết Until then, by the time, prior to that time, for, as soon as, by, … Ví dụ: 2|Page Before, after, by the time, by the end of + time in the past … o Before I went to school, my mother had packed me a lunch (Trước tơi tới trường, mẹ đóng gói bữa trưa cho tôi.) o By the time they broke up, they had lived with each other for years (Trước họ chia tay, họ sống với năm.) o He hadn’t recognized it until i told him (Anh ta khơng nhận điều tơi nói với anh ấy.) Mối liên hệ khứ hoàn thành khứ đơn Q khứ hồn thành q khứ đơn có mối liên hệ chặt chẽ với việc xếp thứ tự câu Nếu câu diễn tả hai hành động khứ hành động diễn trước dùng q khứ hồn thành cịn hành động diễn sau dùng q khứ đơn Ví dụ: o He had left before I came (Anh rời trước đến) Hành động “rời đi” (had left) xảy trước hành động “đến” (came) o After I had come, the meeting started (Sau đến, họp bắt đầu) Hành động “đến” (come) xảy trước hành động “bắt đầu’ (started) Tuy nhiên, câu có hai mệnh đề khứ, việc sử dụng cặp khứ hoàn thành-quá khứ đơn hay cặp khứ đơnquá khứ đơn ảnh hưởng tới nghĩa câu Ví dụ: o = o = The lesson started when I arrived (Buổi học bắt đầu tơi đến) Tơi đến sau buổi học bắt đầu The lesson had started when I arrived (Buổi học bắt đầu đến) Buổi học bắt đầu sau tơi đến 3|Page Thì q khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Thể khẳng định Cấu trúc: S + had + been + V-ing +… Trong đó: S (subject): Chủ ngữ had: trợ động từ been: phân từ hai động từ “to be” V-ing: động từ thêm “-ing” Ví dụ: She had been crying for ten minutes before her mother came home (Cô khóc mười phút trước mẹ nhà.) Thể phủ định Cấu trúc: S + had + not + been + V-ing Lưu ý: had not = hadn’t Ví dụ: Justin hadn’t been doing his homework when his parents came home (Justin không làm nhà bố mẹ anh nhà.) Thể nghi vấn a Câu hỏi Yes/No question Cấu trúc: Had + S + been + V-ing +…? Trả lời: Yes, S + had No, S + hadn’t Ví dụ: Had James been playing video games when we came? (Có phải James chơi điện tử đến?) 4|Page Yes, he had/No, he hadn’t b Câu hỏi Wh- question Cấu trúc: WH- + had + S + been + V-ing +…? Ví dụ: Why had they been making noise when you arrived? (Tại họ tạo nhiều tiếng ồn cậu tới?) Cách sử dụng Diễn tả trình hành động xảy khứ kéo dài tới thời điểm khứ vừa kết thúc trước thời điểm khứ Ví dụ: He and his wife had been talking for about two hours before the policemen arrived (Anh vợ nói chuyện khoảng hai trước cảnh sát tới.) → việc “nói chuyện” bắt đầu khứ kéo dài tới lúc “cảnh sát tới” Cả hai việc diễn khứ Dấu hiệu nhận biết For: Since: kể từ When: How long: 5|Page Until then: lúc By the time: vào lúc Prior to that time: thời điểm trước Before, after: trước, sau Ví dụ: o The water had been boiling for half an hour before anybody noticed it (Nước sôi nửa trước người nhận ra) o She had been working for Tiki since 2015 (Cô làm việc Tiki từ năm 2015) o We had been watching TV when the lights went off (Lúc đèn tắt chúng tơi xem ti vi) o How long had you been studying English before you moved to London? (Bạn học tiếng Anh trước đến Luân Đôn) o Jane had been teaching at the university for more than a year before she left for Liverpool (Jane dạy trường đại học năm trước cô rời khỏi Liverpool) o Until then, I had been cooking (Cho đến lúc đó, tơi nấu ăn.) o Prior to that time, the corona virus had been controlled by the government (Thời điểm trước đó, virus corona phủ kiểm sốt.) Phân biệt q khứ hồn thành khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Giống nhứ hoàn thành hoàn thành tiếp diễn, khứ hoàn thành khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn có khác biệt tương tự: * Quá khứ hoàn thành Nhấn mạnh kết hành động * Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Nhấn mạnh q trình tính chất tiếp diễn hành động Ví dụ: o She’d written an article for the school newspaper Cô viết xong báo o She’d been writing an article for the school newspaper Cơ bắt đầu viết chưa hồn thành Bài tập vận dụng Before I came to Northern Europe I _ snow! A had never seen B had never been seeing C never seen D see When police were investigating the road accident they discovered that the driver _ road accidents before A had been involved in B was involved in C had been being involved in D involved in When we _ the tour of the city we decided to go and eat in a local restaurant A were doing B C had done D.had been doing The restaurant was very slow When we went I _ all of my meal before my friends’ meals arrived! A had already eaten B was eating C ate D had already been eating We _ for nearly 100 kilometres before we finally found a service station we could stop at A drove B had been driving C were driving D had driven I _ the idea of going to a fitness centre, but when I went to one for the first time last week it was actually pretty fun! A had always hated B had always been hating C had always been hated D was hating We watched the film The Godfather last night We had seen the film about times before but we watched it again because John _ it A had been seeing B never saw C had never seen D was seeing I thanked her for everything she for me A had done B had been doing C had been done D was done She was very tired She _ letters all day long A has typed B has been typing C had been typing D had typed 10 I _ for her for hours before she came A had been waiting B has been waiting C had been waited D had waited 11 When I arrived home, my mom A had already been cooking B have already been cooking C had been cooking already D already had been cooking 12 She chemistry before she became a journalist A had teached B had been taught C had been teaching D had been teached 13 I was very nervous while holding my speech I in front of so many people A hadn’t never been standing B hadn’t been standing never C had never been standing D had been standing never 14 Jenny was annoyed Jim _ her every night for the whole week! A has been calling B had called C had been calling D called 15 Her eyes were red It was obvious that she _ A cried B have cried C had cried D had been crying 16 I was really relieved when I found the documents I _ them whole morning A had been looking for B had looked for C had been looked for D had been looked 17 When I first met Ann, she _ in Samsung for 15 years A had worked B had been working C have been working D worked 18 I _ for Exxon for 15 years A have been working B had been working C was working D worked 19 The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we ……… A Had been building B Had built C Built D Building 20 He …… to Cape Town before 1997 A Not be B Had not be C Had not been D Had been 21 We …… for 12 hours when he woke us up A Had been sleeping B Had slept C Slept D Had been slept 22 They …… at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally arrived A Had waited B Had been waiting C Had wait D Waited 23 When she went out to play, she ……… her homework A Had already done B Have already done C Already done D Has already done 24 My brother ate all of the cake that our mum …… A Had made B Had been making C Made 25 We ……… her ring for two hours and then we found it in the bathroom A Had looked B Had looking C Had been looking D Looked 26 ………… your homework before you went to the cinema? A Have you finished B Had you finished C Did you finishe 27 ……… the bathroom before you bathed the dog? A Why had you cleaned B Why you had cleaned C Why cleaned you had 28 ……… breakfast before you came here? A Had had you B Had you had C Did you have D Do you have 29 ……… a place to stay when she went to Boston? A Had she found B Had she find C Did she find 30 ………… before she moved to Chicago? A Where did she live B Where had she lived C Where had she live 31 I ……… for a long time, when it suddenly began to rain A Did not walk B Had not been walking C Had not walked D Walked 32 How long ………… English before she went to London? A Had she learned B Had she been learning C Had she learn D She leared 33 Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he ……… in the rain too long A Had been singing B Had sang C Had sung D Had singing 34 He ……… less than an hour when he ran out of petrol A Had been driving B Had driving C Had drived D Drived 35 They were very tired in the evening because they ……… on the farm all day A Had been helped B Had been helping C Helped 36 I ……… all day; so I wasn't tired and went to the disco at night A Had not been working B Had worked C Had not worked D Had not been worked 37 They ………… all day so their legs were sore in the evening A Had been cycle B Had been cycling C Had cycled D Had been cycled Từ vựng theo chủ đề Learning and Doing (Part I) Achieve V /əˈtʃiːv/ đạt Ví dụ: (thành cơng We’ve achieved what we làm wanted to (Chúng tơi có đạt điều chúng tơi điều muốn làm) gì) não Ví dụ: The illness had affected his brain (Căn bệnh làm ảnh hưởng tới não anh ấy) Thơng minh Ví dụ: I’d like to be a doctor, but I’m not clever enough.(Tôi muốn thành bác sĩ không đủ thông minh) Tập trung Ví dụ: Just concentrate on your work (Hãy tập trung vào việc bạn) Xem xét Ví dụ: At one time I seriously considered leaving (Có lúc nghiêm túc xem xét đến việc rời đi) Brain N /breɪn/ Clever Adj /ˈklev.ər/ Concentrate V /ˈkɒn.sən.treɪt/ Consider V /kənˈsɪd.ər/ Course N /kɔːs/ Khóa học Ví dụ: You could a language course abroad (Bạn học khóa ngơn ngữ nước ngồi) Degree N /dɪˈɡriː/ Bằng đại Ví dụ: Experience V, N /ɪkˈspɪə.ri.əns/ Expert N, Adj /ˈek.spɜːt/ Fail V /feɪl/ Cross out học, She’s doing a degree at cấp (chứng Exeter University (Cô minh bạn học đại học trường hồn đại học Exeter) thành khóa học) (n) kinh Ví dụ: nghiệm I’d love to experience (v) trải being in a submarine nghiệm (Tôi muốn trải nghiệm tàu ngầm) Do you have any previous experience with children? (Bạn có kinh nghiệm trước với trẻ em khơng?) (n) chun Ví dụ: gia He’s a computer expert (adj) thông (Anh chuyên gia thạo máy tính.) He’s an expert painter (Anh họa sĩ thạo nghề) Thất bại Ví dụ: (Khơng I failed the maths exam thành công (Tôi không qua điều thi tốn) đó) Draw a line Ví dụ: through sth Just cross it out and written rewrite it correctly (Cứ =Gạch bỏ gạch viết lại cho (chữ,…) đúng) Look up Tra cứu Ví dụ: I had to look the word up in a dictionary (Tôi cần phải tra cứu từ từ điển) Point out Tell so important information =Chỉ ra(Thơng tin quan trọng) Ví dụ: He pointed out that we had two hours of free time before dinner (Anh có rảnh trước bữa tối Đọc to Ví dụ: He read the list of names out (Anh đọc to danh sách tên lên) Read out Bài tập từ vựng She …… to reach the Wimbledon Final this year A Failed B Experienced C Considered D Achieved I can't …………on my work with all that noise A Achieve B Concentrate C Experience D Fail We're ……… selling the house A Experiencing B Failing C Considering D Concentrating I've been working all day, but I feel as if I've …… nothing A Experienced B Failed C Achieved D Considered He read …… the names of all the winners A In B Up C Out D Down I'd like to (= take) a writing ……….when I retire A Course B Experience C Degree D Expert The accident left him with permanent ……damage A Degree B Expert C Brain D Course Judy has never been very……, but she tries hard A Clever B Course C Experience D Degree I feel I should point ……how dangerous it is A Out B In C Up D Down 10 She has a …… in physics from Edinburgh A Degree B Experience C Brain D Concentrate 11 She is a medical …… A Expert B Degree C Experience D Brain 12 If you think it's wrong, cross it … and write it again A Up B Out C Down D In 13 I don't think she has the …… for the job A Expert B Degree C Experience D Brain 14 If you don't know what the word means, look it …… in a dictionary A Up B In C Out D Down Biên soạn: Nguyễn Thành Công Nguồn: Tham khảo Liên hệ: nguyen19082004@gmail.com ... sốt.) Phân biệt q khứ hồn thành khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Giống nhứ hoàn thành hoàn thành tiếp diễn, khứ hoàn thành khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn có khác biệt tương tự: * Quá khứ hoàn thành Nhấn mạnh... khứ hoàn thành khứ đơn Quá khứ hoàn thành khứ đơn có mối liên hệ chặt chẽ với việc xếp thứ tự câu Nếu câu diễn tả hai hành động khứ hành động diễn trước dùng khứ hồn thành cịn hành động diễn. .. hành động “bắt đầu’ (started) Tuy nhiên, câu có hai mệnh đề khứ, việc sử dụng cặp khứ hoàn thành -quá khứ đơn hay cặp khứ đơnquá khứ đơn ảnh hưởng tới nghĩa câu Ví dụ: o = o = The lesson started