Lecture 3 animal husbandry techniques

Microsoft Word Lecture 3 Animal Husbandry Techniques docx Lecture 3 Animal Husbandry Techniques In this lesson you will study some of the key terminologies commonly used in pig and poultry management.

Lecture 3: Animal Husbandry Techniques In this lesson you will study some of the key terminologies commonly used in pig and poultry management Your class will be divided into small groups of 6-8 students and each group will discuss some aspects relating to heating and ventilation of the pig nursery, pig castration, selection of feeder pigs, chicken brooding and laying pullet keeping Then, you will be asked to some exercises vKey terminologies -Nursery (n): khu chuồng nuôi heo cai sữa -All year round: quanh năm -Heater (n): máy sưởi -Thermoneutral temperature (n): nhiệt độ trung hòa -Soffit (n) mặt mái chuồng -Gable (n): đầu hồi -Power-cut (n): điện -Fail-safe (n) an toàn -Castration (n): thiến -Purebred (adj): chủng -Seedstock (n): đàn hạt nhân -Breeding (n): gây giống -Intact (adj): không bị thiến -Testicle (n): dịch hoàn -Germ (n): mầm -Slaughter (n): giết thịt -Odor (n): mùi -Tainted odor: mùi nọc, mùi thối, mùi hư hỏng -Feeder pig (n) heo choai (từ 18 đến 37 kg) -Hair coat (n): lông -Coughing (n): ho -Pot belly (n): bụng xệ -Gauntness (n): gầy, hốc hác -Listless (adj): bơ phờ, lờ đờ -Worm (v): tẩy giun sán -Tail-docked: cắt -Parasite (n): kí sinh trùng -Brood (v): úm -Hover-type brooder (n): chụp úm treo -Flock (n): đàn -Battery brooder (n): chuồng úm đa tầng -Wire cage (n): chuồng lồng kim loại -Disinfect (v): tẩy uế, sát trùng -Peat moss (n): (than) bùn rêu -Sugarcane pulp (n): xác mía -Corncob (n): cùi bắp -Straw (n): rơm -Wood shaving (n): dăm bào -Sawdust (n): mạc cưa -Pullet (n): gà mái hậu bị -In confinement: nuôi nhốt -On range : nuôi thả -Cull (v): loại thải -Lay (v): đẻ trứng vReading Pig Management Heating and ventilation of the nursery The nursery is mechanically ventilated all year round Heaters (gas or electric) provide the high operating temperatures required by newly weaned pigs and thermoneutral temperatures for all nursery pigs at low outside temperatures Fans draw air in through primary inlets situated at the soffits, gable ends, ridge or exterior of the hallway and into the room through ceiling or wall inlets The system is fitted with high-temperature or power-cut fail-safe panels and alarms and is controlled by a multi-stage electronic controller Pig castration Castration is a standard management practice in swine herds In commercial herds all males are castrated before the growing-finishing phase of the life cycle In seedstock or purebred herds, males are culled and castrated, and only the superior animals remain intact for use as breeding stock Castration is the process of removing the two testicles of the male pig The testicle is an organ responsible for the production of sperm (the male germ cell) and the male hormone, testosterone Pigs are castrated if they are to be marketed for slaughter, because the meat from boars or uncastrated male pigs may have an odor when cooking that is very offensive to many people This odor is called a “boar odor” or a “tainted” odor Selecting feeder pigs Factors to consider when buying feeder pigs include health, type, size, and uniformity Only healthy pigs should be purchased Pigs that have visible signs of sickness, such as coughing, infected eyes, rough hair coats, pot bellies, gauntness, or listless appearance, should not be selected Pigs should be wormed, tail docked, and castrated Do not buy pigs that show signs of external parasites The other factors are also important Chicken management Brooding chickens Small farm flocks are usually brooded on the floor using hover-type brooders or infrared heat lamps Large commercial flocks are usually brooded in battery brooder units or in wire cages in houses with controlled heat and ventilation The brooder house must be prepared for the chicks Be sure that it is in good repair Clean and disinfect the house before the chicks arrive Use clean litter for brooding chicks Commercial litters such as peat moss or sugarcane pulp may be used Other materials ground corncobs, chopped straw, wood shavings, or sawdust may be used Battery brooders and wire cages not use litter Raising laying pullets Replacement pullets for laying flocks may be raised in confinement or on range The trend is toward confinement raising Less land and labor is needed for confinement systems Losses from parasites and predators are lower in confinement raising Pullets may be raised in the same house that is used for brooding, or they may be moved to a growing house Pullets should be culled when they are moved to the growing house They may be grown in cages, using one of two systems: partial cage growing or complete cage growing Partial cage growing is floor brooding for the first to 10 weeks and then miving the pullets to cages Complete cage growing is brooding and growing entirely in cages Light affects the age of sexual maturity and the rate of egg production The length of the day is the controlling factor Thus, increasing day length speeds up sexual maturity, and decreaseing day length slows down sexual maturity If pullets reach sexual maturity too early, they will lay small eggs for several months  ... life cycle In seedstock or purebred herds, males are culled and castrated, and only the superior animals remain intact for use as breeding stock Castration is the process of removing the two testicles