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Article about Double Wishbone Suspension System Graduation Thesis ĐẠI HỌC LẠC HỒNG KHOA CƠ ĐIỆN ĐIỆN TỬ BÁO CÁO NGHIÊN CỨU KHOA HỌC Đề tài CONFIGURATION SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL STEERING AND SUSPENSION SYSTEMS WITH EIGHT LINK MECHANISM (Viết báo hệ thống treo Double Wishbone Nghiên cứu cấu hình của hệ thống treo với cơ chế tám liên kết) PHAN TRÍ THIỆN HÀ ĐỨC TRƯỜNG VŨ VIẾT VƯỢNG Đồng nai, 062022 Page | 2 ĐẠI HỌC LẠC HỒNG KHOA CƠ ĐIỆN ĐIỆN TỬ BÁO CÁO NGHIÊN CỨU KHOA HỌC Đề tài CONFIGURATION SYNTHESIS.
ĐẠI HỌC LẠC HỒNG KHOA CƠ ĐIỆN ĐIỆN TỬ - BÁO CÁO NGHIÊN CỨU KHOA HỌC Đề tài: CONFIGURATION SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL STEERING AND SUSPENSION SYSTEMS WITH EIGHT-LINK MECHANISM (Viết báo hệ thống treo Double Wishbone - Nghiên cứu cấu hình hệ thống treo với chế tám liên kết) PHAN TRÍ THIỆN HÀ ĐỨC TRƯỜNG VŨ VIẾT VƯỢNG Đồng nai, 06/2022 ĐẠI HỌC LẠC HỒNG KHOA CƠ ĐIỆN ĐIỆN TỬ - BÁO CÁO NGHIÊN CỨU KHOA HỌC Đề tài: CONFIGURATION SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL STEERING AND SUSPENSION SYSTEMS WITH EIGHT-LINK MECHANISM (Viết báo hệ thống treo Double Wishbone - Nghiên cứu cấu hình hệ thống treo với chế tám liên kết) Chuyên ngành: Công nghệ Kỹ thuật Ơ tơ NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC TS HOÀNG NGỌC TÂN Đồng nai, 06/2022 Page | LỜI CAM ĐOAN Tơi xin cam đoan cơng trình nghiên cứu tôi, số liệu, kết nêu đồ án tốt nghiệp trung thực xác Tôi xin cam đoan giúp đỡ cho việc thực đồ án tốt nghiệp xin phép, tất thơng tin trích dẫn luận văn ghi rõ nguồn góc Tơi xin hồn tồn chịu trách nhiệm mà tơi cam đoan Đồng nai, ngày 11 tháng 06 năm 2022 Sinh viên thực Phan Trí Thiện Hà Đức Trường Vũ Viết Vượng Page | LỜI CẢM ƠN Thành viên nhóm vơ biết ơn q thầy Khoa Cơ Điện-Điện Tử_Trường Đại học Lạc Hồng, đặc biệt Thầy hướng dẫn TS Hoàng Ngọc Tân giúp đỡ, hướng dẫn nhiệt tình đóng góp quan trọng việc nghiên cứu đề tài Xin trân trọng cảm ơn! Đồng nai, ngày 11 tháng 06 năm 2022 Sinh viên thực Phan Trí Thiện Hà Đức Trường Vũ Viết Vượng Page | TABLE OF CONTENTS Page | LIST OF PICTURES Page | Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mssp Configuration Synthesis of Novel Steering and Suspension Systems with Eight-Link Mechanism Ngoc-Tan Hoang*, Tri-Thien Phan Faculty of Mechatronics and Electronics, Lac Hong University, 10 Huynh Van Nghe Street, Buu Long ward, Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai Province, Vietnam * Corresponding author Email address: tanhoang@lhu.edu.vn; Tel.: +84-0932-007-886 Abstract Steering and suspension systems are important components in automotive systems and essential parts of vehicles The system's function is to lower vibrations and avenue shocks due to the fact the car actions on surfaces, it presents traction manipulation and guidance stability The suspension system serves the purpose of providing stability to the vehicle which results in improving the comfortability of riding and smoothness for drivers This study provides models with innovative suspension and steering systems with 8-link and 10-joint mechanisms, as well as a way for building a vehicle's double-wishbone suspension system After the design, for example, new mechanisms were designed based on requirements and restrictions As a result, the most significant component in developing a new mechanism complies with needs and limits The results in this study increase the vehicle's handling qualities such as possible traction and maneuverability Keywords: Steering and suspension systems, 8-links and 10-joints mechanisms, double wishbone, configuration synthesis, suspension simulation Article about Double Wishbone Suspension System Graduation Thesis Introduction The system connects the body of the vehicle (chassis) to the wheels of the vehicle, allowing the vehicle to move stably between the components, thereby making the vehicle resistant to shocks on the road surface Shock absorbers (dampers), spring sets, connections, and air-damped tires take up the shock, providing better grip/handling and handling for occupants during heavy braking or into the crabs The most optimal goal is that the suspension system must make all the wheels in the most optimal contact with the road surface because the contact pads receive all the forces and reactions from the road surface to interact with the vehicle What's more, this system reduces weight on the wheels and this also reduces tire wear, helping to prolong the working life of the vehicle economically Figure Different types of suspension systems Springs have a certain ratio when used in suspension The spring elasticity, scientifically known as the spring constant, is an important criterion for determining the resistance and stiffness of the spring when providing it with a force or a weight when the spring is deflected Page | Article about Double Wishbone Suspension System Graduation Thesis When the vehicle is operating on rough terrain, the vehicle goes up and down causing damage to components And to reduce the damage to optimize the parts they have been divided into two separate zones as follows: Suspension dynamics Suspension kinematics The dynamics of the system depend a lot on the road conditions, and the forces acting when the vehicle is operating Thereby, it is possible to come up with new solutions and choose the right type of suspension, the solution used is to combine damper to optimize the above values Therefore, showing the dynamics of the suspension system when the vehicle is operating up or down at the point of change of position and stroke length, it should be placed at a reasonable point To consider this, we should choose different types of materials, change the properties of the materials, and evaluate the effectiveness of the structure Provide good manageability for the vehicle, and bring higher efficiency compared to other materials along with the advantages of the vehicle Double wishbone is a famous suspension layout for excessive overall performance vehicles, the suspension mechanism may be composed of mechanisms: a four-bar, and a five-bar, that are linked at the principle pin The double-wishbone suspension turned into recognized withinside the 1930s This system has been used for Rosalie and Traction Avant model in 1934 by the French carmaker The use of a double-wishbone system makes it easier to manage wheel roll motion in all traversing, manage wheel angle, learn toe, and a few other parameters Nowadays, technology is gradually developing, the systems become more complex but provide a high level of efficiency, vehicle suspension is a typical example The main function of the suspension is to meet stability, maneuverability, and safety This system is responsible for maintaining continuity between the road surface and the wheel provides stability and protection of the chassis when traveling on uneven roads and brings comfort to the driver when navigating The structure of the suspension consists of three main components: the elastic part (reducing the frequency of oscillation, ensuring smoothness when passing uneven roads), the Page | 10 Article about Double Wishbone Suspension System Graduation Thesis Specialization The following are the needs and constraints for the double-wishbone suspension design: Requirements: There should be a frame link There should be a shock absorber There should be a steering link There should be two wishbone arms There should be a pair of rack links and tie rod The frame link, the shock absorber, steering link, and pair of rack and rod links should be distinct members Constraints: Two spherical joints on the steering link form an axis of a universal joint The steering link and the frame link should not be connected The frame link is a ternary link or quaternary link The steering link is multiple links (ternary link) the shock absorber is a pair of dyad link All possible practicable specialized chains are identified as follows from the Atlas of (8,10) generalized chains illustrated in Figure 3: a Frame link (KF) Since all multiple links should be the frame links, so all 40 figures of the generalized chains are feasible designs and chosen to be identified as the frame link b Shock absorber (KT) Because the piston and cylinder will form a pair of dyad links, a shock absorber will be generated The two pieces are the piston and cylinder, which are not attached to the frame link at the same time The shock absorber can be selected from a set of 40 figures that include at least two binary links Page | 15 Article about Double Wishbone Suspension System Graduation Thesis Figure Structure chains with identified frame link and shock absorber The figures had the decide huge range are No 2, No.3, No.4, No.8, No.9, No.10, No.11, No.12, No.13, No.14, No.15, No.21, No.23, No.24, No.25, No.26, No.31, No.32, No.33, No.34, No.36, No.37, and No.39 will qualify to be recognized because of the wonder absorber They are general of 23 possible designs shown c Rack and Rod (KR) Because the piston and cylinder will form a pair of dyad links, a shock absorber will be generated The two pieces are the piston and cylinder, which are not attached to the frame link at the same time The shock absorber can be selected from a set of 40 figures that include at least two binary links The specialized chains with identified frame links and shock absorbers are shown in the figure 5, the figures having pairs of the binary link will be chosen Page | 16 Article about Double Wishbone Suspension System Graduation Thesis Figure Specialized chains with identified frame link, shock absorber, and rack and rod Therefore, ten specialized chains with determined frame link, shock absorber, and a pair of racks and rods are shown in figure d Steering link (KS) Figure Specialized chains with identified steering link The steering link should not be close to the frame link and should be a ternary link The No 36, No 37, and No 39 figures from Figure will be published As a result, there are seven qualifying design requirements for specialty chains, as shown in Figure Page | 17 Article about Double Wishbone Suspension System Graduation Thesis e Two wishbone arms (KUA and KLA) At least one of the two wishbone arms will be next to the steering link As a result, the specific chains depicted in Figure will meet the design requirement We obtain the result of feasible specialized chains according to the method of specialization and satisfy all of the requirements and restrictions after choosing the pattern of links and joints for each generalized chain as shown in Figure In conclusion, there are all eleven possible chains form the atlas of possible specialized chains shown in Figure a) c) b) d) Page | 18 e) Article about Double Wishbone Suspension System Graduation Thesis f) g) h) i) j) k) Figure Atlas of feasible specialized chains Chain group: PC = {PC1} PC1 = [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][ a][b][c][ d ][e][ f ][ g ][ h][i ][ j ] Choose one frame link and two prismatic joints, four spherical joints and four revolute joints to the chain: X1 = (K F + K L ) X = ( K F2 + K L2 ) Y1 = ( J P + J R + J S ) Y2 = ( J P2 + J R2 + J S2 ) Pci = ( X 18Y110 ) (2) Page | 19 Article about Double Wishbone Suspension System From Eq (2), the coefficient of the term K F1 K L7 J P2 J R4 J S4 Graduation Thesis is Particularization chains We have a comparable structure for each of the eleven possible specialized chains in Figure 8, resulting in the atlas of mechanical devices illustrated in Figure a) b) c) d) e) f) Page | 20 Article about Double Wishbone Suspension System Graduation Thesis g) h) i) j) MacPhenrson front suspension k) Double wishbone suspension Figure Atlas of double wishbone suspension mechanism Atlas of new designs Page | 21 Article about Double Wishbone Suspension System Graduation Thesis From eleven of atlas of double wishbone suspension mechanism in Figure 9, two of them is the same with the existing design (Figure 9.j and 9.k) Therefore, the remaining nine design concepts as shown Figure 9.(a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), and (i) are new for double wishbone suspension of automobile Simulation The wishbone suspension is a combination of components with high strength and connectivity and is designed to keep the center of gravity of the main shaft as close to the vehicle's center of gravity as possible Recent developments in suspension systems have centered on increasing vehicle ride quality and handling To develop a double-wishbone suspension system, CATIA is employed for analysis and simulation (CATIA did the modeling of elements and assembly) By changing the length of the camber, the length of the A-arm, and the system's 8-link mechanism Along with that is the study and design of parameters such as the inclination of the wheel, the clamp base, and the meniscus to link with the collarbone The A-links are designed and manufactured with good bearing materials, can withstand large bending forces, and impact forces of agents when the vehicle is moving and the material chosen here is steel The goal and design process is to combine many factors such as load factors, shape, and aesthetics into a suitable level Thereby choosing the right material in terms of durability and cost reduction is the leading criterion in the manufacturing industry From the above factors, we can choose and design a suspension system that is more stable and better than commercial products To evaluate the effectiveness of the designed suspension system, the simulation had been built on CATIA shown in Figure 10 Page | 22 Article about Double Wishbone Suspension System Graduation Thesis Figure 10 Suspension system on CATIA The CATIA design for the suspension system includes an upper A-arm, lower Aarm, knuckle, wheel, a shock absorber a cylinder and piston, and frame Simulation results have generated a sinusoidal wave motion graph of the system Suspension deflection is shown in Figure 11 Figure 11 Suspension deflection Select one point on the wheel and let it move relative to the shock absorber, the result is a sinusoidal wave motion graph, corresponding to suspension deflection Page | 23 Article about Double Wishbone Suspension System Graduation Thesis Mathematical Simulation The use of a double-wishbone system makes it easier to manage wheel roll motion in all traversing, manage wheel angle, learn toe, and a few other parameters Figure 12 shows the double-wishbone suspension model Figure 12 The Double wishbone suspension model The wishbone suspension system is combined with many details, so it will produce parameters such as the damping coefficient of the dampers and the stiffness of the springs The above parameters give an uncomfortable feeling when moving people along with the vehicle's ability to handle the road The wishbone suspension is analyzed for various links of components such as springs and dampers during the simulation, obtaining a straight-line acceleration of the entire body with each combination Table shows that during the simulation there is a combination of parameters such as spring stiffness and damping system The equations of motion for the Double wishbone suspension version are given via way of means of equations (1) and (2) and values of region automobile suspension parameters are proven in Table MsXs+Ca (Xs-Xu)+Ka(Xs-Xu)+fa=0(1) Mw +Ca( Xu-Xs)+Ka (Xu-Xs)-Kt(Xu-r )-fa=0(2) Table System specifications Page | 24 Article about Double Wishbone Suspension System Parameter Sprung Mass (Ms) Unsprung Mass (Mu) Tire Stiffness (Kt) Spring Stiffness, Ka (N/m) 1500 Value 200 40 20000 Graduation Thesis Unit Kg Kg N/m Damping Coefficient, Ca(N/m/s) 30 10 Modeling of the Double Wishbone Suspension Wishbone using Simulink Using simulations in MATLAB software to model the double-wishbone suspension was a pretty smart move Simulink simulation is an application environment for simulating block diagrams, simulating multiple domains, or designing linked blocks available in MATLAB software In addition, MATLAB also supports testing, simulation, accuracy, system design, and high reliability The double-wishbone suspension model has applied the mathematical models shown in equations (1) and (2) The control of physical factors such as acceleration is indispensable without a controller and that is a PID controller that helps to manage vertical acceleration, giving a comfortable feeling when controlling vehicle performance Figure 13 Modeling of The Double wishbone suspension using Simulink Page | 25 Article about Double Wishbone Suspension System Graduation Thesis Fig thirteen suggests the double-wishbone in Simulink This version is analyzed for the notable combos of spring stiffness and damping coefficient as demonstrated in Table Figure 14 Acceleration of The Double wishbone suspension for mixture of Ka=1500 and Ca=30 According to research and analysis by the SCIENCEDIRECT information site, most cars today with an average acceleration ranging from 0.2 to 1.5 m/s are good and stable The driver cannot accurately perceive the vehicle's acceleration due to many factors, and can only feel the change when the value exceeds 0.2 m/s Compare with the suspension system of Mazda NB Miata According to sports car magazine Grassroots Motorsports, the suspension system of the NB Miata is quite bad because it is mainly influenced by the shock absorber, the stiffness of the springs is excessively compressed and the distance of 2" of the car for the floor that causes fatigue to the driver when passing through the surfaces, the vibration of this suspension is greater than m / s2 Simulation Results Performing simulations with Simulink gives simulation results of the suspension system, the greatest concern is about the acceleration of the body or the chassis The responses related to the suspension's acceleration from active to passive for the cluster Page | 26 Article about Double Wishbone Suspension System Graduation Thesis given in Table are shown in figure 14, along with a change in the damping coefficient which also leads to an acceleration of the whole The bodywork has also changed Just like the change in the damping coefficient, the change in the stiffness of the spring and in particular the increase in stiffness leads to an increase in body acceleration This is not good and entails the consequences of reducing the life of the vehicle as well as feeling uncomfortable for the driver 11 Conclusion The most significant component in designing numerous novel mechanisms, according to this research, is based on requirements and limits To meet all of the requirements and limitations, use the generalized chain, particularization chains, and the specialization algorithm There are 11 mechanisms in total, two of which are comparable to reality (the Double Wishbone and Macpherson) and nine of which are novel inventions There should be a simulation, and the results should be a sinusoidal wave motion graph of the system, with suspension deflection as the outcome Suspension design is difficult; the correct method is required The key topics for constructing and analyzing a double wishbone suspension system have been presented in this study Explore the brand new modeling and optimization methods Improve the stableness and control The spring elasticity and damping coefficient are optimized to match the weight of the vehicle and the person it can bear References [1] Cianetti F, Garzia V, Palmieri M, Ambrogi F, Braccesi C An estimation model of suspension loads in explicit multibody simulation IOP Conf Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2021, 1038, 012042 [2] Hazem Ali Attia Dynamic modelling of the double wishbone motor-vehicle suspension system European Journal of Mechanics A/Solids 2002, 21, 167–174 [3] Kumar Arun G, Manepalli Parthiv, and Narendran R Design optimization of double wishbone suspension system for motorcycle Journal of 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hybrid electric vehicle architecture design J Mech Des 2016, 138, 081401 [11] Hoang N.T, Yan H.S Configuration Synthesis of Novel Series-Parallel Hybrid Transmission Systems with Eight-Bar Mechanisms Energies 2017, 10, 1044 [12] Anahed H Juber, Essam L Esmail, Muhanad H Mosa Anahed H Juber Power Flow and Efficiency Analysis of a Ravigneaux Hybrid Transmission 2020 IOP Conf Ser.: Mater Sci Eng 870 012160 [13] Yang X.D, Shao Y.M, Wang L.M, Yu W.N, Yue N, Du W.T Configuration Design of Dual-Input Compound Power-Split Mechanism for In-Wheel Motor-Driven Electrical Vehicles Based on an Improved Lever Analogy Method J Mech Des Oct 2021, 143(10): 104501 [14] Xu X.Y, Sun H.Q, Liu Y.F, Dong P Matrix-Based Operation Method for Detecting Structural Isomorphism of Planetary Gear Train Structures J Mech Des Jun 2020, 142(6): 063301 Page | 28 Article about Double Wishbone Suspension System [15] Hoang Graduation Thesis N.T, Yan H.S On the Design of In-Wheel-Hub Motor Transmission Systems with 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ĐẠI HỌC LẠC HỒNG KHOA CƠ ĐIỆN ĐIỆN TỬ - BÁO CÁO NGHIÊN CỨU KHOA HỌC Đề tài: CONFIGURATION SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL STEERING AND SUSPENSION SYSTEMS WITH EIGHT-LINK MECHANISM (Viết báo hệ thống treo Double. .. MECHANISM (Viết báo hệ thống treo Double Wishbone - Nghiên cứu cấu hình hệ thống treo với chế tám liên kết) Chuyên ngành: Công nghệ Kỹ thuật Ơ tơ NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC TS HỒNG NGỌC TÂN Đồng nai, 06/2022... vehicle's handling qualities such as possible traction and maneuverability Keywords: Steering and suspension systems, 8-links and 10-joints mechanisms, double wishbone, configuration synthesis, suspension
