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The gidi V a n dd Su kien T a p c h i C d n g s d n ' H (• ;• v ' / ('', '• SAU MU0I NAM QUAN HE NGOAI GIAO VIET NAM TRUNG QUOC NHIN LAI LICH SÛ , HUbNG T 6 | TUONG LAI i;v 'fii; ' NGUYEN HUY QUY }ilU'j 1c 1 frr 'U • j i t ; ' / I'fit Quan he Viet Nam Trung Qudc dang mdra nhUng trien vgng vdi nhieu thdi cff thuan loi, nhung cdng dung trudc nhiing khd khdn thu thdeh De thiet thuc ky niem 60 ndm quan he ngoqi giao Viet Nam Trung Qudc, chung ta cdthe nhin Iqi qud khu, suy ngdm nhiing bdi hge lich[.]
Tap chi Cdng sdn The gidi: Van dd - Su kien ' H (•.;• v ' / ('', '• SAU MU0I NAM QUAN HE NGOAI GIAO VIET NAM - TRUNG QUOC: NHIN LAI LICH SU^, HUbNG T | TUONG LAI }ilU'j i;v 'fii;.' NGUYEN HUY QUY •jit; :1c ' / I'fit Quan he Viet Nam - Trung Qudc dang mdra nhUng trien vgng vdi nhieu thdi cff thuan loi, nhung cdng dung trudc nhiing khd khdn thu thdeh De thiet thuc ky niem 60 ndm quan he ngoqi giao Viet Nam - Trung Qudc, chung ta cdthe nhin Iqi qud khu, suy ngdm nhiing bdi hge lich sude hudng tai tuong lai •>' ' Nhin lai lich su Nude Viet Nam Dan chii Cpng hoa va nude Cong hoa Nhan dan (CHND) Trung Hoa chinh thirc thiet lap quan he ngoai giao 18-1-1950 Nhung trudc do, "quan he hihi nghi doan ket chien dau" giua hai Dang va nhan dan hai nude da trai qua nhimg nam thang lau dai, kho khan gian kho qua trinh dau tranh each mang dan tpc dan chii ciia moi nude Trong qua trinh dd, sy nghiep each mang ciia hai nude, van menh cua hai dan tpc, su menh lich sir cua hai Dang da gan bo vdi Chu tich Hd Chi Minh va nhieu vi each mang tien boi ciia Viet Nam da nhieu nam boat dpng d Trang Qudc, tham gia each mang, dugc sy giiip dd chl tinh ciia nhan dan Trung Quoc Sau Cach mang Thang Tam 1945, nude Viet Nam Dan chii Cpng hoa ddi, nhan dan va quan dpi ta cung da ed nhung boat dpng ehi vien cho cuoc chien dau cua nhan dan va quan giai phong Trung Quoc tren chien trudng Quang Tay (Bien khu Diln - Que, chiin trudng Thap d^ - van - son ) Sy chi vien ciia each mang -frr.'U mil? r Viet Nam cho each mang Trung Quoc liic bay gid nho, nhung vdi tinh cam Idn giua hai dan tpc Trong buoi gap mat cac vien Doan c6 van quan sy Trung Quoc trudc len dudng sang Viet Nam, 30-6-1950 tai Bac Kinh, Chd tich Mao Trach Dong da noi: "H6 Chl Minh va nhiiu ban Viet Nam da tung tham gia va vien trg cupe dau tranh each mang cua Trung Quoc, c6 ngudi mau va hy sinh Bay gid cae dong chl sang giiip da cuoc dlu tranh chdng Phap cua hp la mot viec hoan toan nen lam" *^\ Nhd lai nhimg tinh cam gan b6 giua hai Dang, nhan dan hai nude luc bay gid de chiing ta hieu vi quan he ngoai giao Viet Nam Trung Qudc lai dugc thiet lap sau nude CHND Tning Hoa ddi (1-10-1949) va * PGS, tjy vien Thudng vu Trung uomg Hoi hiiu nghj Viet - Trung (1) Sa-liic, Man-luc: Chin Idn xudt qudn Idn cua Trung Qudc, Nxb Van nghe Tii Xuyen (Trung Qu6c), 1992 Ban dich tiSng Viet ciia Cue Nghien cmi Bp Quoc phong, tr242 So 807 (thang nam 2010) The gidi: Vdn dd - Su kien T(9P chi C d n g s d n nidi quan he dd da ed nhirng nam thang het sue Viet Nam nhiiu khoan vien trg tin dung va vien tdt dep, nhu cau tho cua Chu tich Hd Chl Minh: trg khdng hoan lai "vua la ddng chi, vua la anh em" Nhan dan Hgp tac Viet Nam - Trung Qudc cae Viet Nam thuy chung son sat se kh6ng bao gid linh vyc van hda, du lich, khoa hpc - ky thu|t, quen sy giup dd to Idn, chltinhciia Dang Cpng giao due, y tl, the due thi thao ciing dat nhiiu san, Chinh phu va nhan dan Trung Quoc qua dang ghi nhan sudt hai cupe khang chien ciru nude va edng Tiin trien quan trpng quan he giira hai cude xay dyng dat nude nude thdi gian qua la viec ky ket "Hiep udc Tinh hihi nghi doan ket chien dau, hgp tac, bien gidi tren dat liin giua nude Cdng hda xa hiru nghi dd kh6ng nhirng da gdp phan quan hdi chii nghia (CHXHCN) Viet Nam va nude trpng vao sy nghiep each mang va xay dyng dat CHND Tning Hoa" nam 1999; "Hiep dinh nude ciia nhan dan hai nude Viet Nam va phan dinh lanh hai, vdng dac quyen kinh tl va Trung Qu6c, ma gop phan vao sy nghiep thIm luc dia Vinh BIC Bd giua nude chung cua nhan dan cac nude khu vyc va CHXHCN Viet Nam va nude CHND Tning tren the gidi phan dau vi muc tieu chung: hda Hoa"; "Hiep dinh hgp tac nghi ca d Vinh BIC binh, ddc lap va tien bp xa hoi Bd giira Chinh phu nude CHXHCN Viet Nam Tu sau dugc binh thudng hda vao nam va Chinh phu nude CHND Trun^ Hoa" nam 1991, quan he hai nude da dugc kh6i phue va 2000 Din nay, viec phan gidi cam mde toan phat trien rat nhanh ch6ng tuyen bien gidi tren bd va ky ket Nghi dinh thu Vi chinh tri, quan he giira hai Dang, hai nha phan gidi cam mde va Hiep dinh quy che quan nude, cae doan the, dia phuong da khdi phuc ly bien gioi mdi da dugc hoan tat, tao dieu kien nhanh chong tu nhirng nam dau binh thudng de xay dyng dudng bien gioi hda binh, dn dinh, h6a Nam 1999 lanh dao hai nude da xac dinh hgp tac, hihi nghi lau dai giua hai nude phuang cham 16 chir "lang gieng hiru nghi, hgp Mat khac, quan he Viet Nam - Trung Quoc tac toan dien, on dinh lau dai, hudng tdi tuong hien cdn tdn tai nhirng van de trd ngai, chu yeu lai" Sau lai b6 sung tinh than "b6n t6t": la van de tranh chap chu quyen Bien Ddng Do "lang gieng tot, ban be tot, d6ng chl tot, ddi tac cdng la van de chii yeu ma hai ben phai ciing tdt" Gan day, nam 2008, lanh dao hai nude da n6 lye giai quyet thda dang dinh vi quan he Viet Nam - Trung Qudc la Nhin lai quan he Viet Nam - Trung Quoc "quan he ddi tac hgp tac chien luge toan dien" 60 nam qua co the suy ngam ve nhirng bai hpc Ve kinh ti - thuong mqi, kim ngach thuong lich sir: mai Viet Nam - Trung Qu6c tu 32 trieu USD - Quan he Viet Nam - Trung Qudc cd mot nam 1991 da tan^ len 19,4 ti USD nam 2008^2) vai trd dac biet quan trpng ddi voi lpi leh ciia Hi?n Trung Qu6c giir vi tri thu nhat cac qu6e gia va vung lanh thd ve xuat khau sang hai nude, van menh cua hai dan tdc Do bdi Viet Nam (chiem 18,7% thi phIn) va vi tri thu canh lich su va dia ly, hai nude Viet Nam va ba ve nhap khau tir Viet Nam (6,9%) Nhiiu Tmng Qudc, nhu each ndi cua nhieu ngudi, mat hang mau dich thuong mai giira hai nude "son thuy tuong lien, van hda tuong thdng, ly rat CO y nghia bd sung cho phat trien tudng tuong ddng, van menh tuong quan" kinh te va phuc vy dan sinh Dau tu tryc tiip Trude day, doan ket chien dlu each mang (FDI) cua Trung Qu6c vao Viet Nam (qua cac dan tdc dan chu da gdp phan quan trpng vao hinh thuc 100% vdn nude ngoai, lien doanh, hgp tac kinh doanh, cdng ty cd phIn) tinh din (2) Nguon: Nien gidm Thdng ke, To'ng cue Th6ng ke nam 2008 da co 629 dy an, tdng sd vdn theo Viet Nam 2008 hgp ddng 2,172 ti USD, vdn da thue hien (3) Ngu6n; Cue Dlu tu nunc ngoai, Bo KS hoaeh - DSu 274,387 trieu USD^^) Tmng Qudc da danh cho tu Viet Nam Sc) 807 (thang nam 2010) Thd gidi: Van dd - Su kien thing lpi ciia nhan dan hai nude, thi hgp tac huu nghi ciing gop phan quan trpng vao su phat trien cua hai quoc gia Nhan dan Viet Nam nhan thuc ro tam quan trpng dd, cam nhan sau tinh cam va sy ung hp ciia nhan dan Trung Quoc, va cQng y thuc sau sac trach nhiem cua minh iing hp nhan dan Trung Qudc Ngay tu thdi Trang Qudc khang chien ch6ng phat-xit Nhat, dong chi Nguyen Ai Qu6c (Chu tich Ho Chl Minh) da de cap cau ca dao luu hanh d Viet Nam liic bay gid: "Ciiu Trang Qu6c la ty ciru minh" Trong cupe khang chien ch6ng My, ciru nude cua nhan dan Viet Nam, Chu tich Mao Trach Ddng cirng da keu gpi nhan dan Trang Qudc ung hd Viet Nam Ngay nay, boi canh lich su mdi, "quan he d6i tac hgp tac chien luge toan dien" Viet Nam - Trang Qu6e cang c6 vai tro quan trpng doi vdi hoa binh, on djnh va phat trien ciia m6i nude, gop phan quan vao hgp tac Dong A, va cac phong trao quoc te nham cae mue tieu hoa binh, doe lap dan tpc va tien bp xa hoi - Quan he hiru nghi Viet Nam - Trang Quoc CO CO sd viing chac, phir hgp vdi Igi Ich hai quoc gia, the hien tinh cam ciia hai dan tpc, nen c6 kha nang vupt qua mpi kh6 khan, thu thach de tiep tue phat trien nhanh chong tren tat ca cae linh vyc Hien tugng dd co the vl nhu cay CO thu da s6ng ngan nam tren bien gidi hai nude, viia qua mira d6ng gia lanh trui la kho canh, nhung nhya am tu long dat van nuoi su song, va mira xuan toi lai dam choi lpc, dam hoa ket trai Ngay nay, quan he Viet Nam Trang Qu6c ciing dang dung trudc nhimg thu thach kh6ng nho, nhung co hoi de vugt qua cung rat Idn Vdi sy n6 lyc chung, hai ben hoan loan CO the vugt qua thu thach kh6 khan, phat huy thai co thuan lpi, dua quan he hihi nghi Viet Nam - Trang Qudc len nhirng tam cao mdi, tiep tuc phat trien tot dep - De giai quyet thda dang nhimg van de trd ngai quan he Viet Nam - Trang Quoc, hai ben can xuat phat tu tim cao chien luge, tu lpi ich can ban va lau dai cua nhan dan hai nude Khong de nhimg van de cue bp, trade mat, lam hong Igi Ich can ban lau dai; khdng dl nhimg T p p chl C d n g s d n nhan t6 ngoai lai tac dpng tieu cue den quan he song phuong; khong de nhung tan du cua chu nghia dan tpc eye doan tac hai den quan he binh dang Do la nhirng kinh nghiem lich su co the rut tir thye tien quan he Viet Nam - Trang Qu6c may ehuc nam qua Tat nhien, de thye hien dugc nhu vay dieu quan trpng trudc het la xuat phat tir thien chl, quyet tam, su kien nhan va long tin ciia mdi ben Hmmg toi tmmg lai Tinh hinh the gidi va khu vyc dang c6 nhirng bien d6i sau sac va nhanh chong Quan he hiru nghi Viet Nam - Trang Qu6c ciing dang dung trudc nhirng thdi co va thu thach mdi Xu the hoa binh va phat trien tren the gidi, toan cau hda va lien ket khu vyc doi hoi va tao CO hoi thuan loi cho quan he hgp tac hiru nghi giira hai nude phat trien on dinh Ve mat dia ly, va ca ve phuang dien kinh te van h6a, Viet Nam la cau noi giira Trang Quoc vdi khu vyc Dong Nam A Ve phuong dien chinh tri, Viet Nam va Trang Qu6c cang co quan he gan giri Dudng loi d6i ngoai cua cac nude deu xuat phat tu lpi Ich qu6c gia Lpi Ich qu6c gia co kh6ng thuan chieu vdi sy tuong dong ve y thirc he chinh tri- Nhung trudng hqp quan he Viet Nam - Trang Quoc hien nay, su tuong d6ng ve y thuc he phir hpp vdi lpi Ich qu6c gia Ve phuang dien kinh te - thuong mai, quan he Viet Nam - Trang Qu6c hien cung nhu quan he giira cac nude tren the gidi, vua co mat hgp tac, vira co mat canh tranh, nhirng van de sinh can khIc phuc, c6 the thong qua n6 lyc hgp tac cua hai ben de timg budc giai quyet tren nguyen tac binh dang, ciing co lpi Van de hien la hai ben thuc hien t6t y tudng hgp tac "mot vanh dai, hai hanh lang" giira hai nude, 16ng ghep vdi hpp tac "mot true hai canh" giira Trang Qudc vdi cac nude ASEAN Trd ngai chu yiu, cung la thir thach Idn nhlt ddi voi quan he Viet Nam - Trang Quoc hien va tuong lai la van de tranh chap chu quyin d Bien Dong vdi hai quan dao Hoang Sa va Tradng Sa Giai quyet tot van de d6 se mang S6 807 (thang nam 2010) 91 Tqp chi C » n g sAw Thd gidi: Van de - Su kien lai trien vpng rat tot dep cho quan he Viet Nam Trang Qu6c Lanh dao hai nude nhan thuc dugc tam quan trpng, nhimg kho khan viec giai quyet van de nay, xuat phat tu tam cao chien luge, da c6 nhiing thoa thuan dugc noi rd "Tuyen bd chung ve Hgp tac toan dien the ky mdi giira nude CHXHCN Viet Nam va nude CHND Trang Hoa" (nhan chuyen tham Trung Qudc cua Chu tich Viet Nam Tran Due Luong 25-12-2000) "Hai ben nhat tri cho rang, viec hai nude ky ket "Hiep udc bien gidi tren dat hen giira nude CHXHCN Viet Nam va nude CHND Trang Hoa", "Hiep dinh phan dinh lanh hai, virng dac quyen kinh te va them lire dia Vinh Bac Bd giua nude CHXHCN Viet Nam va nude CHND Trang Hoa", "Hiep dinh hgp tac nghi ca d Vinh Bac Bp giira chinh phu nude CHXHCN Viet Nam va chinh phu nude CHND Trang Hoa" cd y nghia lich su sau rong, se thuc day hon nua quan he lang gieng hihi nghi, hgp tac toan dien giira hai nude phat trien manh ban nira the ky XXI Hai ben cam ket se nghiem chinh thye hien cac thda thuan hen quan da ky ket giira hai nude, tich eye hgp tac, n6 lyc xay dyng bien gidi hai nude bien gidi boa binh, hiru nghi, 6n dinh lau dai Hai ben khang dinh tiep tuc tri ca chl dam phan hien cd ve van de tren bien, kien tri thong qua dam phan hoa binh de tim mot giai phap co ban, lau dai ma hai ben dlu cd thi chap nhan dugc Trudc van de dugc giai quyet, vdi tinh than de trudc kh6 sau, hai ben tich eye ban bac, tim kiem kha nang va giai phap trien khai hgp tac tren biln cac linh vyc nhu: bao ve m6i trudng bien, tugng thiiy van, phong chong thien tai Dong thoi, hai ben deu kh6ng tien hanh cac boat dpng lam phuc tap them hoac md rong tranh chap, kh6ng su dung vii luc hoac de dpa su dung vii lyc Hai ben can ban bac kip thdi va giai quyit thda dang nhirng bat d6ng sinh vdi thai dp binh tinh xay dyng, kh6ng dl bat ddng anh hudng So 807 (thang nam 2010) din sy phat triin binh thudng cua quan he hai (4) nuac Nhiing nguyen tic da thda tiruan giira hai ben va tinh thin hihi nghi the hien Tuyen bd chung cln dugc tiep tuc ton trpng va quan triet viec giai quyet cac van de Uen quan din Bien Ddng "Tuyen bd chung Viet Nam Trung Qudc" nhan chuyin tham Trung Quoc cua Thu tudng Viet Nam Nguyen Tin Diing thang 10-2008 cung da neu rd: "Hai ben da trao ddi y kiln mdt each thln^ than va huu nghi ve viec gid gin hda binh, dn dinh d Bien Ddng; khlng dinh man thu nghiem tuc nhan thirc chung giira lanh dao cap cao hai nude va tinh thin "Tuyen bd ve each ung xir cua cac ben d Biln Ddng", tri ca che dam phan van de tren bien, can cu nguyen tac va che dp phap ly dugc xac dinh bdi luat phap qudc te, bao gom c6ng udc Luat Bien cua Lien hgp qudc nam 1982 tim kiem giai phap ea ban va lau dai ma hai ben cd the chap nhan dugc, tich eye nghien ciru va ban bac ve hpp tac cung phat trien de tim mo hinh va khu vyc thich hgp Trong qua trinh dd, hai ben cung nd luc gin giir tinh hinh dn dinh d Bien Ddng, khdng ap dung hanh ddng lam phiix; tap hda hoac md rdng them tranh chap "^^\ Trong thdi gian vira qua, vdi sy nd luc ciia hai ben, cdng tac phan gidi tren bd da hoan thanh, Nghi dinh thu phan gidi cam mde va Hiep dinh quy che quan ly bien gidi mdi da dugc ky ket, tao thuan lpi de xay dyng dudng bien gidi hda binh, 6n dinh, hgp tac huu nghj lau dai giira hai nude Nam 2010 la "Nam Hihi nghi Viet - Tmng" Chung ta hy vpng cung la nam cd nhirng biln chuyen thye chat theo hudng tdt dep ban cua quan he huu nghi Viet Nam - Trung Qudc vi Igi Ich lau dai cua hai nude, vi tinh cam hihi nghi cua hai dan tdc • (4) "Tuyen bo chung ve Hop tie toan di?n th6 ky moi giira nuw CHXHCN Viet Nam va nuac CHND Trung Hoa", Bdo Nhan ddn so 16-12-2000 (5) "Tuyen bb chung Viet Nam - Trung Qu6c", Tsip chi Nghien ciiu Trung Qudc S6 7-2008 ... day, nam 2008, lanh dao hai nude da n6 lye giai quyet thda dang dinh vi quan he Viet Nam - Trung Qudc la Nhin lai quan he Viet Nam - Trung Quoc "quan he ddi tac hgp tac chien luge toan dien" 60 nam. .. ti - thuong mqi, kim ngach thuong lich sir: mai Viet Nam - Trung Qu6c tu 32 trieu USD - Quan he Viet Nam - Trung Qudc cd mot nam 1991 da tan^ len 19,4 ti USD nam 2008^2) vai trd dac biet quan. .. ky moi giira nuw CHXHCN Viet Nam va nuac CHND Trung Hoa", Bdo Nhan ddn so 1 6-1 2-2 000 (5) "Tuyen bb chung Viet Nam - Trung Qu6c", Tsip chi Nghien ciiu Trung Qudc S6 7-2 008