CHAU MY NGAY NAY SO 05 2010 31 QUAN HE QUOC TE NHCTNG VfiN DE NOI B^T TRONG QUfiN HE TRUNG QUOC VĜ I MY LfiTINH 10 N^MDfiu THEKY XXI M udi n a m d i u t h e ky XXI, cd h a i dac d i e m ndi b a t nha't t r o n g q u a n h e giuta T r u n g Qud'c vdi m d t so k h u vUc t r e n t h e gidi, t r o n g dd b a o gdm c h a u My L a t i n h Thii nhdt, T r u n g Qud'c d a y m a n h thUc h i e n c h i n h s a c h k h u vUc t r e n t h e gidi; va thit hai, thufc h i e n "chien lUdc ngoai giao n a n g lUdn[.]
CHAU MY NGAY NAY 31 SO 05-2010 QUAN HE QUOC TE NHCTNG VfiN DE NOI B^T TRONG QUfiN HE TRUNG QUOC VG^I MY LfiTINH 10 N^MDfiu THEKY XXI TS D6 Minh Cao Vien Nghien cdu Trung Qudc M udi n a m d i u t h e ky XXI, cd h a i dac diem ndi b a t nha't q u a n he giuta T r u n g Qud'c vdi mdt so k h u vUc t r e n the gidi, dd bao gdm chau My Latinh: Thii nhdt, T r u n g Qud'c day m a n h thUc hien chinh sach k h u vUc t r e n the gidi; va thit hai, thufc hien "chien lUdc ngoai giao n a n g lUdng" Trong qua trinh p h a t t r i e n k i n h te - xa hdi n h u cau ve n a n g lU(3ng mot gia tang, khien T r u n g Qud'c dac biet h u d n g sU chu y den k h u vUc My Latinh, ndi ed ngudn n a n g lUdng ddi dao I C h i n h s a c h d o i n g o a i t h e o k h u viic ciia T r u n g Q u o c d o i vdi c h a u My L a t i n h C u n g vdi c h i n h sach dd'i vdi cac nUdc ldn, cac nUdc l a n g gieng va cac nUdc cdn lai eua t h e gidi, e h i n h sach ngoai giao da phUdng, c h i n h sach ngoai giao t h e o k h u vUc la mot t r o n g bdn t r u cdt cd b a n t r o n g c h i n h sach dd'i ngoai h i e n dai cua T r u n g Qud'c Xuat p h a t diem q u a n t r o n g de T r u n g Qud'c t h u c h i e n nhUng t r u cot ddi ngoai n a y la tUdng q u a n sufc m a n h tdng hdp ciia T r u n g Qud'c dd'i vdi cac dd'i tac k h a c t r o n g q u a n he ngoai giao TUdng q u a n n a y dUdc t h e h i e n nhUng chi sd d i n h lUdng nhU dien tich, d a n so', siic m a n h k i n h te, siic m a n h q u a n sU va nhUng c h u a n mUc dinh t i n h nhU uy tin va vi t h e ehinh t r i t r e n trUdng qud'c te, siic m a n h mem the hien qua khia canh v a n hda, v a n minh Q u a n he cua T r u n g Qud'c vdi chau My L a t i n h thUc sU trd nen sdi ddng chi nhUng n a m g i n day Bdi sau nhUng n a m p h a t trien m a n h me va n a n g ddng, T r u n g Qud'c da trd t h a n h nUdc thieu h u t nguyen nhien lieu, dac biet la d i u Dieu budc Trung Qud'c phai tim kiem ngudn cung cap mdi Mot nhUng diem den la chau My L a t i n h , vdi nhUng nUde giau tiem n a n g nhU Venezuela, Ecuador, Argentina, Chile, Ddng thdi, chau luc eiing la thi trUdng tieu t h u h a n g boa "Made in China" ly tudng ddi vdi n e n k i n h te T r u n g Qude NhUng n a m g i n day, Trung Qud'c cd nhieu doan chinh khach cap cao va cac doan doanh nghiep da lan lUdt t h a m vieng My Latinh va vumg Caribbean Trong mot van kien dUdc cdng bd' g i n day, Trung Qud'c da eho r i n g "Cae nUde My Latinh va vung Caribbean la mot p h a n quan cua cae nUde dang phat trien va ddng vai trd cang tang cac cdng viec qud'c te va khu vUe" "Phat trien md'i quan he vdi cac 32 SO 05-2010 nude My Latinh va vung Caribbean la nen tang ehinh eua nen ngoai giao Trung Qud'c" \ Ngay 5/11/2008, Chinh phu Trung Qud'c cdng bd' "Vdn kien ve chinh sdch ciia Trung Qudc ddi vdi My Latinh vd vung Caribbean" Van kien da de nhUng mue tieu, nhiem vu va ke hoach toan dien ve sU hop tac song phUdng nhUng linh vUc khac thdi gian tdi giuta Trung Qud'c vdi khu vUc My Latinbl Ve muc tieu : cd ba muc tieu chinh tri chung dd'i vdi My Latinh va vung Caribbean: Thii nhdt, tdn va tin tudng lan nhau, md rdng cac van de da dat dUcic sU thd'ng nhat ve quan diem; Thit hai, cung cd lOi, eiing thang va tang cUdng hdn nUa sU hdp tac; Thit ba, hoc hdi kinh nghiem lan va ciing tie'n bd, tang eUdng cac cudc tiep xiic va trao ddi Trung Qud'c cho ring, cung cd' sU hdp tac vdi My Latinh va vung Caribbean la nen tang chinh cua chinh sach ngoai giao boa binh ddc lap va tU ehii dUde tien hanh tai nUde Su hdp tac hUu nghi giUa Trung Qud'c va cac nUdc My Latinh va vung Caribbean dap ufng quyen ldi chung cua hai ben^ Trung Qud'c san sang md rdng thUdng mai song phUdng va dat dxiOc sU can bang thUdng mai, td'i Uu boa cd ca'u thUdng mai nham thiic day sU phat trien song phUdng, ddng thdi giai quyet nhUng tdn tai thUdng mai giUa hai ben b i n g each tien hanh tham van va tren ed sd hieu biet Iin va nguyen tae binh ding ddi ben cimg cd ldi Chinh phu Trung Qud'c cd ke hoaeh va du dinh tang cUdng sU cdng tac vdi cae nude My Latinh va vumg Caribbean cac linh viie kinh te thUdng mai, tai ehinh, ndng nghiep CHAU MY NGAY NAY xay dung cd ban, nang lUdng, cac van de hai quan, kiem soat chat lU(;Jng hang boa, du lich v.v N h i m thiic day sU hdp tac kinh te, mot mat Chinh phu Trung Qud'c khuyen khich va ung hd hoat ddng diu tu eiia cac xi nghiep Trung Qud'c khu vufc cac linh vUe nhU cdng nghiep che bien, ndng nghiep nang lU(3ng, khai thae cac ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien, cd sd tang, nganh dich vu; mat khac, Trung Qud'c hoan nghenh sU d i u tU eua eac xi nghiep My Latinh vao nen kinh te Trung Qud'c Ddng thdi, Chinh phu Trung Qud'c ung hd sU hop tac va cae eude tiep xiie ciia eac td ehUc tai chinh ngan hang cua Trung Qud'c cd chi nhanh phu hOp tai My Latinh va vumg Caribbean Chinh phii Trung Qud'c se vien trO kinh te va ky thuat cho cac nUde My Latinh va vung Caribbean theo kha nang cd the ma khdng e i n mot dieu kien chinh tri nao.* Trung Qud'c ed ke hoach tang cUdng tie'p xiic quan sU va dd'i thoai ve cac van de qud'c phdng vdi cae nUde My Latinh cung nhU thuc day sU phd'i hop giUa cac ed quan bao ve phap luat giUa hai ben Trung Qud'c san sang tang eUdng sU hdp tac linh vUc dao tao quan sU, huan luyen cae chuyen gia quan sU, lUc lUdng gin giU hoa binh cung nhu tie'p tuc trd giiip lUc lUdng vu trang eua eac nUdc My Latinh theo kha nang ed the Trung Qud'c lien tuc day manh sU hdp tac vdi cae nUdc cudc da'u tranh chung chd'ng tdi pham ma tuy, tdi pham kinh te va cac loai tdi pham xuyen qud'c gia khac Chinh phu Trung Qud'c cung tang eudng hdp tac vdi cae nUde My Latinh nham chd'ng lai nhUng nguy cd ciia an ninh phi truyen thd'ng'^ CHAU MY NGAY NAY SO 05-2010 Ndi dung cd ban cua "Van kien ve chinh sdch ciia Trung Qudc ddi vdi My Latinh vd vdng Caribbean" chinh la cd sd phap ly giup cac nUde khu vUc hdp tac song phUdng va da phUdng vdi Trung Qud'c Tom lai, nhiing nam gin day thay ddi tU chinh sach dd'i ngoai va thUe tien thvfc hien cac boat ddng ngoai giao ciia Trung Qud'c da cd nhutng thay ddi dang ke Trung Qud'c hinh chinh sach ddi ngoai theo tU va nhUng nguyen tae rieng cua minh : tao nen nhiing tru cot cd ban theo cdng thiic: qud'c gia - chau lue (khu vUc); qud'c gia - qud'c gia; qud'c gia - phin cdn lai cua the gidi, va thUe hien ngoai giao chinh tri, ngoai giao an ninh va ngoai giao nhan dan Quan he Trung Qud'c dd'i vdi chau Phi, Trung Ddng va chau My Latinh nhflng nam gin day la the hien nhiing tham vong cu the ciia Trung Qud'c thUc hien nhflng cdng thiic Dang chu y hdn, vdi tU each la cUdng qud'c, Trung Qud'c ludn thUe hien cdng thUc theo y chien lUdc ciia minh Tai Dien dan qud'c gia - chau luc (khu vUe), va eac dien dan Trung Qud'c - chau Phi da tflng dUde td chflc tfl nam 2000 de'n hay Dien dan Trung Qud'c - My Latinh va vung Caribbean, td chflc luan phien tai Trung Qud'c va tai cac chau luc ke tren, Trung Qud'c thudng dat dfldc nhflng thda thuan mang tinh nguyen tic chung dd'i vdi tat ca cac nfldc thudc chau luc hay khu vflc Tuy nhien, di vao trien khai, Trung Qud'c lai cd nhflng chinh sach cu the dd'i vdi tflng nfldc mdt, be ngoai thi theo thda thuan nguyen t i c chung nhflng tren thflc te lai cd nhflng nguyen t i c dac thfl, ma nfldc dd'i tae cu the budc phai tj^iic thi Day chinh la "dac sic ngoai giao Trung Qud'c" ma cac nfldc ein phai tinh den cdng thflc ngoai giao qud'c gia - chau luc eua Trung Qud'c 33 II Chien \vtdc ngoai giao n a n g lijfofng ciia T r u n g Quoc of c h a u My Latinh Nhflng nam diu the ky XXI, chinh sach dd'i ngoai cung nhu hang loat boat ddng ngoai giao cua Trung Qud'c vdi cae nUdc My Latinh ndi bat dac diem ve van de nang lUdng, dd diu liia va dd't dUde eoi la tam Hien nay, Trung Qud'c nhap 40% lUdng d i u thd can thiet, dU tinh nam 2025 lUdng d i u thd nhap khau se la 80% Su le thudc vao ngudn dau nhap tfl nfldc ngoai bude Trung Qud'c phai xay dflng cho minh mdt chien Ifldc nhap khau dn dinh va lau dai Va chien Ifldc thfldng dxiOc goi la Chinh sach ngoai giao nang lfldng ciia Trung Qud'c Chien l\iOc tap trung vao ba khu vflc Trung Ddng, chau Phi va My Latinh Mdt sd' van de quan cua Chinh sach ngoai giao nang lfldng ciia Trung Qud'c la trao quyen cho ba cdng ty dau qude doanh chu chd't de tflng cdng ty cd the s i n xuat va cung flng diu cho Trung Qud'c tfl nfldc ngoai Trung Qud'c suf dung cac ngan hang qud'c doanh de tai trd cho cac hdp ddng ddi tin dung lay diu Trong hinh thflc quan he dd'i tac nay, Trung Qud'c ehi cung cap vd'n cho cae nha san xuat d i u nfldc ngoai de phat trien cac md dau, nhflng cac nha san xuat khdng phai nhfl(3ng lai quyen kiem soat trflc tie'p ngudn tai nguyen nang lfldng cua minh cho Trung Qud'c Hinh thflc quan he ddi tac td ha'p dan tai thdi diem cac ngan hang va doanh nghiep phfldng Tay van mien cfldng tai trd eho cac dfl an nang lfldng d nhflng nfldc bi coi la cd nhieu rui ro bd'i canh khiing hoang tin dung Trong tdng kim ngach thfldng mai Trung Qud'c - My Latinh, ngfldi ta 34 SO 05-2010 nhan thay eac ngudn nang lUdng, chii yeu la dau liia chiem mot ty ap dao Cd the ndi, vao nhflng nam kinh te ngoai thfldng ciia Trung Qud'c vdi cac nfldc My Latinh va vung Caribbean la nang lfldng Nhan dip dfl Hdi nghi thfldng dinh APEC tai Chile thang 11/2004, Trung Qud'c tranh thii ky ket mdt loat thoa thuan kinh te vdi mdt sd' nfldc My Latinh, dd cd nhflng thoa thuan ve nang lUdng Chu tich Hd Cam Dao da cdng bd mdt thoa thuan linh vUc d i u md vdi Brazil tri gia 10 ty USD, ddng thdi bd sung them 1,3 ty USD hdp ddng gifla Sinopec vdi Petrobras de lip dat 2.000 km dfldng d'ng d i n diu Trung Qud'c cdn tie'p can ngudn diu tai Ecuador, ngudn d i u xa bd cua Argentina Thang 11/2004, chuye'n tham Argentina, Chu tich Hd Cam Dao da ky cac hcip ddng d i u tfl tri gia 19,7 ty USD, dd ty USD gianh eho viec khai thae diu Dang chu y nha't la sfl hdp tac nang lfldng gifla Trung Qud'c va Venezuela, nfldc cd trfl lfldng d i u ldn tai chau My Latinh Tfl lau Venezuela la ngudn dau eung cap eho My, nhien sii tfl chu cua nfldc boat ddng kinh te the hien kha ro qua each quan he nang IxiOng vdi Trung Qud'c, mot nfldc xa xdi tai chau A, nhflng ed nhu ciu kha ldn ve ngudn nhien lieu Nhieu thoa thuan ve diu d\10c ky ket nhflng chuye'n tham vieng Iin gifla cae nha lanh dao cap cao hai nfldc Thang 12/2004, Tdng thdng Venezuela Hugo Chavez tham Trung Qud'c, thang 1/2005, Phd Chu tich nfldc Trung Qud'c Tang Khanh Hdng tham Venezuela Tai hai cudc tham hflu nghi nay, Trung Qud'c da cam ket phat trien cd sd tang nang lfldng cho Venezuela bing each d i u tU 530 CHAU MY NGAY NAY trieu USD 15 khu vUc gieng diu va 60 trieu USD mot du an gas tai Venezuela Ngoai ra, Trung Qud'c dUde phep khoan dau, lap cac cdng ty loc d i u va san xuat dd't tu nhien tai nUdc Ngay 25/8/2005, CNPC cdng ty eon cua PetroChina la cdng ty dau ldn nha't cua Trung Qud'c da ky mot ban thoa thuan vdi cdng ty Dau qud'c doanh Venezuela Petroleos de Venezuela SA (PDVSA) de phat trien va quan ly cac md dau d Zumano, phia ddng Venezuela nhan chuyen tham eua dng Rafael Ramez - Bd trUdng Nang lU(3ng va dau md kiem Tdng Giam do'c PDVSA Khu vufc Zumano cd san lUdng 400 trieu thflng dau thd loai trung binh va loai nhe va ty khd'i feet Theo dfl kien, Venezuela se dau tfl 56 ty USD tfl 2006 den 2012 de tang gap ddi san IxiOng tfl 2,6 trieu thiing nam 2005 len 5,1 trieu thujig/ngay Nam 2005, mdi Venezuela xuat sang Trung Qud'c 68.800 thiing diu, dfl dinh se tang vao nhflng nam sau va den nam 2012 se la 300.000 thiing Dfldc biet nam 2005, Trung Qud'c san xuat dUdc 1,27 ty thiing diu va nhap 898 trieu thung Venezuela hy vong se chiem 15-20% thi phin nhap khau diu eua Trung Qud'c*^ Bude phat trien manh me quan he hop tae nang lUdng Trung Qud'c - Venezuela dien vao nhflng thang cud'i nam 2006 chuyen tham Trung Qud'c ciia Tong thd'ng Venezuela Hugo Chavez Thap tflng Tdng thd'ng Hugo Chavez cd nhieu nha doanh nghiep, dd cd nhflng cdng ty dau cua Venezuela ^ Ket qua cudc hop lan thfl cua Uy ban hdn hop Trung Qudc - Venezuela la viec ky ket hiep dinh thfldng mai, dd cd hiep dinh ve nang lUdng Theo hai hiep dinh nay, Cdng ty Dau md Quoc gia Trung Qudc - CNPC va Cdng ty Dau qudc doanh PDVSA ciia Venezuela se ciing phat trien cae md dau d Venezuela CHAU MY NGAY NAY SO 05-2010 Hai nude cdn cd thoa thuan ddng 18 tau chd dau cUc ldn va tang xuat khau dau Ifla tfl Venezuela sang Trung Qud'c len 300.000 thflng/ngay so vdi mfle 14.000 thflng/ngay nam 2004 va 68.800 thflng/ngay nam 2005' Trong chuyen tham Trung Qud'c bat dau tfl 22/8/2006, Tdng thdng Venezuela Hugo Chavez ndi: 'Venezuela trd nha eung cap dau Ifla thfldng xuyen cho Trung Qudc, ngoai se tang them khd'i IxiOng xua't khau cho nUdc nay" Ngay 25/8/2006, Tong thd'ng cdn hfla: "Muc tieu ciia chflng tdi la xua't khau cho Trung Qud'c trieu thung dau mdt ngay" De'n nam 2012, Venezuela se tang khd'i lfldng khai thae diu len gap ddi, khoang trieu thflng/ngay "Phin ldn so' diu khai thae them se dfldc xuat sang Trung Qud'c"® Nlia dau nam 2009, Venezuela da chap nhan de nghi cua Trung Qud'c, tai trd ty USD cho cae dfl an diu ciia Venezuela, Venezuela cam ket tang gap ba Iin liiOng cung dau cho Trung Qud'c len mfle trieu thflng/ngay vao nam 2015^ Thflc hien nhflng muc tieu nay, Trung Qud'c va Venezuela se dat dfldc nhflng muc tieu kinh te eua minh Uop ddng ddi tin dung lay d i u mdi nhat cua Trung Qudc la hdp ddng ky vdi Brazil d Bic Kinh 19/5/2009 Brazil mud'n dau tfl khoang 175 ty USD vdng nam tdi de phat trien cac md d i u d vflng bien sau ngoai khdi Dai Tay dfldng, ndi each day nam, nfldc da phat hien dau md Trfl lfldng d i u md d khu vflc se dfla Brazil vao danh sach cac nfldc xuat khau dau md hang diu the gidi Theo hdp ddng nay, Trung Qud'c se cho Petrobras - cdng ty d i u qudc doanh cua Brazil, vay tdi 10 ty USD Doi lai, Brazil se cung cap tdi 200.000.thung dau/ngay eho Sinopec, mdt ba tap doan san xuat diu 35 qud'c doanh chu chd't cua Trung Qud'c vdng 10 nam Vdi nhflng ldi the va chinh sach ngoai giao nang lfldng cua minh, Trung Qud'c dang tich cflc thflc hien nhflng chii trfldng phat trien quan he vdi cac nfldc My Latinh va vung Caribbean Tom lai, hop tac nang lfldng la sfl chuyen bien manh ciia kinh te toan ciu sau khung hoang tai chinh nd ra, ddng thdi cflng la thfl nghiem dau tien cua ngfldi Trung Qud'c quy md cua nen tai chinh nang lfldng qud'c te, nd mang y nghia chien Ifldc la thay ddi cac chinh sach ve nang lfldng cua Trung Qud'c qua khfl Chinh sach ngoai giao nang lfldng cua Trung Qud'c cd the khdng cd ldi cho cac cdng ty dau ldn nhflng lai td't cho thi trfldng diu md the gidi Nd lam tang ngudn cung diu md va giup dam bao ring nen kinh te phuc hdi, lfldng cung diu md se dap flng du nhu ciu va gifl cho gia diu khdng tang qua cao Trong hdp tac nang lfldng vdi Trung Qud'c, cae nfldc thudc khu vflc Trung Ddng, chau Phi va My Latinh cung thu dxiOc nhflng ldi ich cho minh Mac du vay, nhflng chinh sach quan he ciia Trung Qud'c vdi My Latinh cflng vap phai nhflng khd khan nhat dinh, xuat phat tfl tinh hinh qud'c te chung, cflng nhfl nhflng dac diem dan tdc, tflng nfldc dd'i tac cu the vdi Trung Qudc Cac nfldc cin phai tinh tao va de sach Ifldc dung dan n h i m hao ve ldi ich dan tdc eua minh • Chd thich: ); 2); 3); 4); 5) www.russian.xinhuanet.com/ russian/2008-1 l/05/content_755623.htm 6) Trung Quoc tang cUdng hdp tac nganh dau http://www.moi.gov.vn.com, 30/08/2005 7) http://www.moi.gov.vn.com, 22/08/06 8) www.xinhuanet.com, 26/8/2006 9) http://www.toquoc.gov.vn/Print/Article/ TrungQuoc-Va-Chinh-Sach-Doi-Tin-Dung-Lay-DauMo/pdf ... 05-2 010 nude My Latinh va vung Caribbean la nen tang ehinh eua nen ngoai giao Trung Qud'c" Ngay 5/11/2008, Chinh phu Trung Qud'c cdng bd' "Vdn kien ve chinh sdch ciia Trung Qudc ddi vdi My Latinh. .. giao nang lfldng ciia Trung Qud'c Chien liOc tap trung vao ba khu vflc Trung Ddng, chau Phi va My Latinh Mdt sd' van de quan cua Chinh sach ngoai giao nang lfldng ciia Trung Qud'c la trao quyen... cao Trong hdp tac nang lfldng vdi Trung Qud'c, cae nfldc thudc khu vflc Trung Ddng, chau Phi va My Latinh cung thu dxiOc nhflng ldi ich cho minh Mac du vay, nhflng chinh sach quan he ciia Trung