BÀI THI TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH MODES OF TRANSPORTS. CHAPER 1 – INTRODUCTION CHAPER 1 – INTRODUCTION 2 1. Reason for choosing the topic 2 CHAPTER 2 CONTENT OF THE TOPIC 2.1. Roadways 2.2. Railways 2.3. Water transport 2.4. Air transport.
BÀI THI TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH ĐỀ TÀI: MODES OF TRANSPORTS CONTENTS CHAPER – INTRODUCTION .2 Reason for choosing the topic CHAPTER - CONTENT OF THE TOPIC 2.1 Roadways 2.1.1 Function 2.1.2 Disadvantages 2.2 Railways 2.2.1 Advantages 2.2.2 Disadvantages 2.3 Water transport 2.3.1 Advantages 2.3.2 Disadvantages 2.4 Air transport 2.4.1 Advantages 2.4.2 Disadvantages CHAPTER – CONCLUSION MODES OF TRANSPORTS CHAPER – INTRODUCTION Reason for choosing the topic Delivery activities of goods are associated and have an essential role for life and respond to carry and delivery activity That is the reason why transportation does not only have an important responsibility in improving people's lives but also has a responsibility in distributing and circulating goods Cargo transportation is closely associated and plays an essential role in human life Every day if people travel by road or air, consumer goods at markets or supermarkets will be transported by sea or by road Raw materials for production are transported from the raw material area to the production site by car, train, ship, etc All of these activities are related to transportation It is the truth that more and more people who moving or transporting by modes of transport with the status of participant or carrier However, just not a lot of people can know exactly the definition and the type of modes of transportation which be used nowadays So, let's comprehend with me to learn more about the modes of transport which be used nowadays CHAPTER - CONTENT OF THE TOPIC Transportation is one of the largest industries in the world It refers to the movement of products and raw materials from MODES OF TRANSPORTS one destination to another This process begins with the supply chain to the shipping of the finished product to the consumer Transportation is a key element in the logistic chain It joins together those components that are considered to be separated Transportation systems connect supply chain components and must be properly managed and controlled for transportation and logistics to work together successfully This means complete visibility and strong communication between all members of the chain The success of any supply chain can be judged by its transportation management Transportation and logistics can account for as much as 7-14% of sales, depending on the industry Logistics and the transportation of goods are very diverse and complex industries Shippers rely on overseas shipping, air transportation, and ground delivery to move freight It involves many shipping modes or different types of transportation and ways of shipping goods Sometimes, it may be challenging for a company to choose the right mode of transportation to reach the best result It can be especially difficult if you are new to domestic or global shipping However, knowing the differences and benefits of each transportation method will help you define the option that will work best for you So, What Are The Modes Of Transportation In Logistics? There are various forms of transportation, but when it comes to freight shipping, there are several main transportation methods in the freight industry: - Roadways - Railways MODES OF TRANSPORTS - Water transport - Air transport 2.1 Roadways The first, and most common mode of transportation in logistics, is the road From walking to horses to wagons to bikes to cars to trucks, road transportation has been around longer than mode and is utilized the most of any mode in logistics With the continued improvement of vehicles and road infrastructure, transportation by road is the most versatile of the four main modes with the least geographical constraints This attribute of road transport makes it the preferred mode for smaller loads over shorter distances and as such, road is the only mode that performs door-to-door deliveries Consequently, most shipments that initially were carried by another mode of transportation are completed by road transportation 2.1.1 Function Anything that can be shipped in small-to-medium quantities can be shipped by road Small packages (or Parcels) can be transported in a vehicle no larger than a personal car Companies specializing in ecommerce ship parcels when there are hundreds, if not thousands, of small packages being shipped to different locations (Parcel is often made up of different modes of transportation, but always picked up and delivered by truck) On the flipside, shipments larger than 150lbs are considered freight and require a truck The two MODES OF TRANSPORTS main forms of road transport are Less-than-Truck-load (LTL) and Truck Load (TL) Content Advantages Less-than-Truckload(LTL) LTL transports smaller shipments (primarily palletized shipments) to their respective locations along a specified route The route begins and ends at a specified hub of origin and makes various stops according to the number of different shipments it is carrying This system of transportation is known as the Hub and Spoke model The advantage of LTL is that the shipper only pays for the portion of the truck occupied by their freight while the rest is payed for by the shippers using the rest of the truck Disadvantage The disadvantage of Truck load(TL) TL (also called FTL) refers to a full truckload Freight is loaded into a semitrailer that is between 25-50 feet long TL shipments require a lot of freight to make this shipping option economical When a large amount of goods are being shipped, TL is definitely the more economic shipping method The drawback to MODES OF TRANSPORTS s LTL is the multiple stops and transfers that the shipment undergoes en route to its destination A shipment will be transferred multiple times to different trucks along the route TL is that a shipper must ship a lot of freight in order to make the shipment economical 2.1.2 Disadvantages The main downside to road transport is the external influences that play into its effectiveness, primarily weather, traffic, and road regulations, three things that mostly don’t influence other modes In addition to these drawbacks, in the current shipping environment it has become increasingly difficult to find truck drivers This capacity shortage has led to an increase in intermodal transportation 2.2 Railways First invented for use in the early 19th century, rail transport quickly became vital for the expansion of the western world and has played a pivotal role in the realm of logistics for over two centuries In modern practice, rail is used more exclusively for the largest and heaviest payloads (bulk cargo) traveling across the land The vast majority of railway infrastructure connects highly populated areas with large MODES OF TRANSPORTS unpopulated strips of land between them making rail ideal for long-distance and cross country hauls Rail service focuses on efficiently moving bulk material across great distances over the railroads’ vast network of tracks running throughout everywhere Since rail service has to stay on the tracks, they can only move between rail-served buildings or yards specific for the bulk freight is intended to handle Unlike intermodal, rail service is not a direct competitor to truckload on price or transit The service is much different and therefore not for everyone, but when it is a fit for bulk material, there are tremendous cost savings Essentially, any company that needs to move heavy, bulk material consistently is a great candidate to use the railroad for its logistics requirements, although one often overlooked opportunity for companies is to use rail logistics services for bulk special project needs 2.2.1 Advantages - The greatest advantage of the railway transport is that it is the most dependable mode of transport as it is the least affected by weather conditions such as rains, fog etc compared to other modes of transport - The rail transport is better organised than any other form of transport It has fixed routes and schedules Its service is more certain, uniform and regular as compared to other modes of transport MODES OF TRANSPORTS - Its speed over long distances is more than any other mode of transport, except airways Thus, it is the best choice for long distance traffic - Railway transport is economical, quicker and best suited for carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distances - It is a cheaper mode of transport as compared to other modes of transport Most of the working expenses of railways are in the nature of fixed costs Every increase in the railway traffic is followed by a decrease in the average cost Rail transport is economical in the use of labour also as one driver and one guard are sufficient to carry much more load than the motor transport - Railway is the safest form of transport The chances of accidents and breakdowns of railways are minimum as compared to other modes of transport Moreover, the traffic can be protected from the exposure to sun, rains, snow etc - The carrying capacity of the railways is extremely large Moreover, its capacity is elastic which can easily be increased by adding more wagons 2.2.2 Disadvantages - The railway requires is a large investment of capital The cost of construction, maintenance, and overhead expenses are very high as compared to other modes of transport - Lack of flexibility Railway routes and timings cannot be adjusted to individual requirements - Railway transport is unsuitable and uneconomical for short distances and small traffic of goods MODES OF TRANSPORTS - It involves much time and labour in booking and taking delivery of goods through railways as compared to motor transport 2.3 Water transport Shipping by water has been practiced for thousands of years and remains pivotal to today’s global trade 90% of all international trade is accomplished through maritime transportation Cargo ships travel on almost every major body of water and have the capacity to transport the highest volume of freight of any mode of transportation at the lowest cost The routes available to container ships are calculated and strictly followed Many routes used today have been used for centuries However, new routes are still being sought out and tested for optimal supply chain efficiency 2.3.1 Advantages - Maintenance cost in rail and road transport is quite high but maintenance cost of water transport is quite less - The transport channel is quite cheap as compared to rail and road transport - Heavy and bulky goods can be transported easily at little cost through water transport MODES OF TRANSPORTS - During natural calamities like floods and rains, when rail and road transport is disrupted, transportation operations can be operated through water transport 2.3.2 Disadvantages - It is a slow means of transport Failure of monsoon results into fall in the water level of rivers making navigation difficult - Water transport is more risky as compared to other means because there is always danger of sinking ships or boats - Air pollution The carbon emissions produced by one cargo ship are equivalent to the emissions produced by 50 million cars 2.4 Air transport Air transport is the newest model of transportation Airplanes are becoming increasingly important in domestic and international trade With continually improving technologies and practically unlimited route possibilities, air transportation is the fastest growing and most time-efficient shipping mode As air travel has become increasingly advanced and dependable, more companies are trusting airplanes with high value freight and goods The increasing popularity of flight as a preferred way to travel also makes shipping by air more convenient as shipments regularly piggyback on passenger planes, further making air an economic way to transport goods MODES OF TRANSPORTS 2.4.1 Advantages - Air transport is the fast speed means of transport Passengers and goods can be transported easily from one place to the other - Unlike railways and road transport, there is no need to spend money on the construction of any track or road, only airports have to be constructed - It is quite convenient to send costly, light, and perishable goods through air transport - Air transport is free from physical barriers like rivers, mountains and valleys, etc 2.4.2 Disadvantages - Air transport is a costly service Its operational costs are too high Middle class and poor people can not affect its cash - Air transport is prone to accidents A small mistake can be very dangerous for passengers - Huge Investments For creating aviation facilities, huge investments are required The cost of airplanes, construction and maintenance of aerodromes and control mechanisms needs a capital expenditure MODES OF TRANSPORTS CHAPTER – CONCLUSION Transportation affects the quality of people's lives in many ways It is an essential activity in Logistics that provides access services and activities like distributing, forwarding, carrying, The quality of modes of transport affects people's ability to participate in social and economic activities Each mode of transport has its advantage and disadvantage for its role in the process of the supply chain The operation of transportation determines the efficiency of distributing and delivering goods from seller to buyer It optimizes all about time, distance, speed, and cost, which helps not only the seller but also the buyer while trading By knowing what mode is best for your company, you can make the decisions necessary to grow your business and create a winning supply chain MODES OF TRANSPORTS MODES OF TRANSPORTS ... CONTENT OF THE TOPIC Transportation is one of the largest industries in the world It refers to the movement of products and raw materials from MODES OF TRANSPORTS one destination to another This... just not a lot of people can know exactly the definition and the type of modes of transportation which be used nowadays So, let's comprehend with me to learn more about the modes of transport which... require a lot of freight to make this shipping option economical When a large amount of goods are being shipped, TL is definitely the more economic shipping method The drawback to MODES OF TRANSPORTS