Ảnh hưởng của covid 19 đến ngành sữa thế giới

Dr.Naushad Khan iew ed COVID-2019 LOCKED DOWN IMPACT ON DAIRY INDUSTRY IN THE WORLD Institute of Development Studies, The University of Agriculture Peshawar Corresponding Author Email:- drkhan@aup.edu.pk Shah Fahad Mahnoor Naushad ev Department of Rural Sociology, The University of Agriculture Peshawar B.Sc (Hons) Agriculture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar er r Shah Faisal B.Sc (Hons) Agriculture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar ABSTRACT tn ot pe Locked down is the rule and regulation which stop the movement of the people from one place to another while dairy industry is activities of agriculture which supply milk and different by products to world community Covid-2019 is the virus which has killed so many people in the world The world try how to control the problem of the Covid-2019, so each government of the world apply the locked down for the control of corona virus Seeing to its importance the present study was arranged since June,2020 to analyze the covid-2019 locked down impact on dairy industry in the world Total 18 articles were downloaded from the net and wrote the result The result indicates that locked down has decreased the demand of the dairy products in the world which have disturbed the socioeconomic condition of the dairy owner and weakened their economy The Covid-2019 created the terror and fear in the world which have increased the locked down period in the world and create shortage in the fodder of the dairy animal while in some area considered animal to the carrier of the corona virus in the world They told that corona has spread from the soup of bat while bat belong to mammalian family, So all world doctors claimed that animal also play great role in Covid-2019 as a carrier Experiment in different world countries were launched and found that corona also affects different animal of the world Among these animals, ferret, tiger, lion, cat, camel, civet are the animals which play great role in this virus spreading in the world One recent experiment found that cells with rin ACE2 proteins from humans, horseshoe bats, civets, and pigs could be infected with the virus, while mice could not Smith explained that these strains have narrow host ranges, and the chance that a human strain of coronavirus would come from a cow or calf is extremely low The world scientists also thought how to control the situation for the Pr ep future because some animal play great role as a reservoir as a host The study further explains that the locked down has damaged the dairy industry of the world Particularly Canada, USA, Russia, Iran, China have claimed that corona virus has mostly affected the workers of the meat and milk plants companies and because of this all industries of the dairy were closed which have directly affect the export of the dairy product in the world Due to locked down the demand of the product decreased and the price level also declined of the dairy product in the world which have totally closed the production of the dairy products in the world market It was also observed that Locked down rule regulation were not fully implemented because of this the swing of the corona in the world is still continued and from the beginning more people w infected and the number of affected reached to 64 laces while the death number was reached to laces in the world On the basis of problems the study recommends that to locked down should be continued and rule regulation should be fully applied in the world; Wash hand sanitizer should be applied on proper places of This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 Key Words:- Covid-2019, Locked Down, Impact, Dairy Industry, World INTRODUCTION ev iew ed the body; Who goes against the rule should be punished; Army and honest personal should be deployed on duty; Rich people should be helped the poor community of the world; Credit and market facilities should be provided to dairy owner; Dairy owner should be exempted from the tax in the world; Training should be arranged for awareness of the community in the world; Locked down should be developed in the world; All animal Corona test should be processed in the world for future controlling; Dairy product should be tested for corona virus in the world; Mask should be wore everywhere in the world according to environment Covid-2019 started in December, 2019 in city of Wuhan, Province Hoebi Country China In the start many people were killed and panic was spread in the world and locked down was imposed by each er r government for its controlling in the world Through this law implementation all world activities were slow downed Majority industries and companies were closed and the price of oil decreased due to less consumption of oil by locked down All worlds were affected by different angles Similarly the dairy industries products demand were decreased due to locked down implementation in the world The pe exports and imports of dairy products were decreased which have indirectly affected the balance of trade of milk in the word and through this way majority people were became unemployed in the world On the other side it was also observed that animals are the carrier of the corona virus Different experiment in ot the world were launched and analyzed the situation what role animals play in corona virus multiplication and similarly many animals corona virus results were found positive Past record was checked and camel, covet were found the carrier of MERS and SARS respectively All scientists found that animal play great tn role in the spreading of corona virus in the world and in some world countries meats were banned for eating So terror and fear was raised in the world and the demand of dairy product was decreased because the problem was raised due to bat soup in China Locked down have decreased the demand of the dairy rin products due to corona virus spreading Social stigma in the world was increased day by day when the corona cases number was found in the swing in the world Total 64 lacs people were infected by corona ep virus in the world and about laces people were died by this virus and through this way the locked down period was enlarged in the whole world In April, 2020 the world scientists have claimed that it will be finished in June, July due to high temperature while still the swing of the corona is on the raise in the Pr world Its panic has not only destroyed the sectors of the dairy but also affect the other sectors of the world economy and still all universities and schools of the world are closed If it will not controlled still August, 2020 then the chances of the recession of the world is possible The main control methodology is the social distance, wearing of mask, regular washing of hands and stay at home and away from This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 gathering while still the people avoid the rule regulation because of this corona swing is still on the peak iew ed and the death number from the beginning is more than before Seeing to its importance the present study was arranged to see the covid-2019 locked down impact on dairy industry in the world METHODS AND MATERIALS The universe of the study was the world and the major objective of the study was to see covid- 2019 locked down impact on dairy industry in the world Total 18 articles were downloaded from ev the net and read many times and analyzed the situation and draw the abstract and conclusion PAST LITERATURE OF THE LOCKED DOWN IMPACT ON DAIRY INDUSTRY IN er r THE WORLD Abby Bauer (March, 13, 2020) told that Concerns surrounding coronavirus are impacting people across the United States and around the world As I write this blog, events are being canceled and travel is highly discouraged — all in an attempt to limit the spread of the virus This Wuhan strain of pe coronavirus in humans is a relatively new challenge, but for those of us who work with dairy cattle, this is not the first time we have heard of the infection That’s because coronavirus is one cause of diarrhea in calves and respiratory disease in adult cattle With coronavirus all over the headlines, we reached out to one of our contributing authors, Geof Smith, D.V.M., from North Carolina State ot University, to learn more about the virus that impacts dairy cattle An article with much more detail about coronavirus in cattle will appear in our March 25, 2020, issue of Hoard’s Dairyman, but I will tn share a few highlights here We were curious if the coronavirus strain that affects cattle is connected to the current Wuhan strain in humans In his article, Smith posed the question, “Can I catch coronavirus from my cows and calves?” The answer to that question is no, or extremely unlikely rin Smith explained that coronaviruses come from a diverse family of RNA viruses The strains that cause respiratory disease in humans are different than those that cause disease in cattle Many of the human strains most likely did originate from animals, though The SARS virus affected by bats, then ep cats, before moving into humans For MERS, it is believed the disease went from bats to camels to people The current Wuhan strain likely originated in bats, too Still, Smith explained that these strains have narrow host ranges, and the chance that a human strain of coronavirus would come from Pr a cow or calf is extremely low With this knowledge in hand, focus your efforts on minimizing the spread of disease between people Even if you don’t see yourself as a high risk, there are individuals among us who could become extremely ill from this virus We can all take precautions to help limit This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 the impact this virus has in the United States To learn more about coronavirus and dairy cattle, don’t iew ed forget to take a look at Smith’s article in the March 25 issue of Hoard’s Dairyman, which will be arriving to mailboxes late next week The coronavirus impact on dairy prices will also be discussed in our Milk Check Outlook article in that same issue A prolonged lockdown imposed by the Pakistani government to check the spread of the novel coronavirus poses a potential threat to the survival of hundreds of thousands of livestock in the country's southeastern Thar desert, local residents and experts say The crippling restrictions have ev not only stopped the traditional annual migration of the desert-dwellers, or Tharis, to adjoining districts in search of water and fodder for the livestock - their main source of livelihood, accounting for 80 percent of the local economy - but have also barred the transportation of fodder in the region er r From April to June, the three driest months in the region, thousands of Tharis migrate to the districts of Mirpurkhas, Badin and Sanghar, where they find water and fodder for their cattle, as well as temporary jobs for themselves as harvesters on farmlands The Thar desert, which forms a natural boundary with neighboring India, covers a region of 200,000 square km (77,000 square miles), has a pe population of 1.5 million and is ranked by the UN World Food Programme as the most food-insecure region in the country Its annual rainfall is 250mm (10 inches).While the Tharis have been able to struggle through previous droughts, each year makes the situation more desperate as more of their traditional sources of water go dry."At present, overall conditions are tough, due to the ongoing ot lockdown But the situation concerning the livestock is harder," Nashad Samoon, a resident of a remote village in the town of Mithi, told Anadolu news agency He said the administration was not tn allowing traditional migrants to move to the irrigated districts, while the unavailability of transport has led to an acute shortage of fodder and water Many of those who attempted to travel to the nearby districts were forcibly sent back by the security forces, said Samoon "We have been left with rin no other choice but the rationing of fodder for our cattle," he said."There might be alternative sources of income in other parts of the country But here for us, there is no alternative source besides livestock," he added."If this [source of income] is wiped out, that means everything is destroyed for ep us."Khatau Jani, a local journalist, said a lingering drought coupled with untimely rains and a recent onslaught by locusts in the region has led to a severe shortage of water and fodder for the livestock."Thar is one of Pakistan's poorest regions, where 95 percent of the population lives in Pr remote villages with only a single source of income," he said."No other area has been affected by this lockdown more than Thar Many Tharis trudged through the hot sand and roads to get to the adjoining districts days before the lockdown was imposed, but thousands are still waiting for the restrictions to ease, according to Samoon."Even those who managed to move are also facing This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 troubles Some have been forced to return while others are still stranded at different points," he said iew ed Ali Akbar Rahimoo, head of Aware, a local non-governmental organization which deals with water and livestock issues, fears a water and fodder crisis could affect the breeding of animals in the region in the months to come."Shortage of fodder and water will have a cascading effect on the breeding of cattle, which will eventually hit the region's already weak economy," Rahimoo told Anadolu He added that the closure of several cattle markets in Thar and adjoining districts due to the lockdown has compounded the economic hardships of the local communities Rahimoo said Thar's cattle account for 15 percent of the country's livestock."Wheat harvesting is still continuing [in nearby ev districts] They can still find jobs for themselves and fodder for their cattle at the farmlands if the [lockdown] restrictions for them are eased immediately," he said."Livestock is everything for Tharis It's a source of income, nutrition and property Immediate actions need to be taken to save that." said er r Rahimoo Pakistan has been under lockdown since late last month and will continue until May as the country reported more than 13,000 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 281 deaths so far https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/pakistan-coronavirus-lockdown-threatens-livestock-thar- pe desert-200427100837890.html Daly R (March 16, 2020) reported that when COVID-19 pandemic first hit the US, very few people had likely heard of coronaviruses—with some notable exceptions: cattle producers and their veterinarians It’s not that people involved with cattle health have any particular insight into the ot increasing human toll the novel coronavirus is inflicting Rather, it’s a reflection that generations of cattle producers have recognized coronavirus as a significant cause of diarrhea in their young tn calves What’s the connection between the novel coronavirus (designated “SARS-CoV 2”) causing COVID-19 across the world and the “scours” germ cow-calf and dairy producers deal with? Except for the name, very little There are many different versions of human and animal coronaviruses rin throughout the world Many animal caretakers have probably dealt with coronavirus infections for years without realizing it Swine producers and their vets have fought Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED) Virus and (historically) Transmissible Gastroenteritis (TGE) Virus Companion animal ep veterinarians recognize Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) Virus as a cause of illness in cats – all coronaviruses Considering the above list, it should be apparent that the vast majority of these coronaviruses stick to their own species No human or cross-species illnesses have resulted from Pr bovine coronaviruses, PED, TGE, or FIP This is due to the very specific molecular makeup of the “spikes” on the surface of each different coronavirus version In order for coronaviruses to cause infection, these specific spike molecules need to attach to very specific molecules on a body cell, in a lock-and-key fashion Pig cells have different surface molecules than calf cells, than human This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 cells, and so on Additionally, respiratory cells have different surface molecules than intestinal iew ed cells This explains why different coronavirus strains affect specific species and body systems It also explains the variability in the usefulness of different coronavirus vaccines (fair for bovine coronavirus, good for TGE, poor for PEDV) in animals Additionally, it also highlights the fact that our current animal coronavirus vaccines have no utility for people in the face of the COVID-19 epidemic Severe adverse reactions (due to the additives in these products) can result from people using animal vaccines for themselves Yet changes can occur to these viral molecules over time A small shift in the molecular structure of the spike, and you may end up with a virus that can affect a ev different part of the body or different species In investigating where COVID-19 cases began, authorities have pointed the finger at a “wet market” in one Chinese city Wet markets are fascinating places where people can buy supplies, food, and live animals The variety and number of er r live animals for sale can be astounding: chickens, pigeons, bats, rodents, snakes, and more Throw in thousands of human shoppers and you have a unique opportunity for viruses to “try out” infecting species besides their normal host Sometimes – apparently in this case – it works There’s some historical precedence to fall back on here Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) took the pe world by storm in the early 2000’s With its likely origin in a bat, it looks like that coronavirus slowly circulated among people in wet markets before it became efficient at infecting people MERS (Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome) emerged quite similarly more recently – with origins in bats and camels Much more commonly, other circulating “normal” coronaviruses cause cold symptoms ot in people everywhere Could common animal coronaviruses (e.g., bovine coronavirus or PEDV) ever morph into viruses that make people sick? Despite our long history with these germs, it hasn’t tn happened yet When PEDV splashed into the world of pork production in 2013, it wasn’t because of a change in the virus: it simply was moved from overseas to the US Despite its likely animal origin, the current coronavirus causing COVID-19 hasn’t yet made animals sick where human illnesses rin have been common That’s the good news for our animals Swings in global financial markets have occurred due to worries about restrictions on travel and other human activity, not any perceived problem with livestock or the food supply But things can change The COVID-19 situation bears ep close watching, especially if evidence emerges that the virus is behaving in a different manner than currently expected https://extension.sdstate.edu/novel-coronavirus-and-livestock-there-connection Pr BBC reported that Coronavirus lockdowns globally have given parts of the natural world a rare opportunity to experience life with hardly any humans around Animals in urban areas are exploring emptied streets and waterways, and delighting human inhabitants along the way While many of these are not unique sightings, the human restrictions due to the coronavirus pandemic seem to have This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 given animals the confidence to go deeper into our cities and stay for longer Others are enjoying iew ed having nature reserves and parks all to themselves, and some authorities report a boom in wildlife while tourists are away The Bosphorus in Istanbul, Turkey is normally one of the world's busiest marine routes Huge tankers, cargo ships and passenger boats criss-cross the straits that cut the city in half 24 hours a day Now, with a lull in traffic and fishermen staying at home during the city's lockdown, dolphins are swimming and jumping in the waters It's not uncommon to spot the tell-tale dots of a dolphin from the city's quays, far away in the distance But videos posted by residents of the animals swimming near the banks show how much closer to the city they're happy to come now ev Dolphins "are coming closer to the edge of the water as the terror of uncontrolled anglers on the shoreline has temporarily stopped," a ship spotter who has photographed dolphins in the past told AFP "Wild boars take over Haifa as residents stuck inside," said the headline in Israeli newspaper er r Haaretz Boars were seen snuffling and foraging for food around the city of Haifa before the pandemic, but the absence of humans has encouraged them further, residents say The issue is now so serious that local officials held a Zoom meeting to discuss the expanding population."I'm scared that after the coronavirus passes, the boars will have gotten used to coming every day, every night, pe every hour," Yaron Hanan who is campaigning for a crackdown on the animals told Reuters However some species are enjoying solitude in previously busy natural reserves or parks In Albania, pink flamingos are flourishing in lagoons on the country's west coastline, where numbers have increased by a third to 3,000, park authorities told AFP Thousands have been seen soaring over ot the waters at Narta Lagoon where they go to mate after flying from Africa and the southern Mediterranean The wildlife species enjoying lockdown in Britain.Air pollution and CO2 fall as tn virus spreads.Freelance mask makers find huge demand for their skills.Nearby olive oil and leather processing factories that have been accused of polluting the waters are closed, and the traffic that usually congests a road 500m away is absent, creating quiet for the birds Couples have been rin "moving a little further into the lagoon and are now starting courtship rituals," said Nexhip Hysolakoj, the head of the Vlora protected area And in Divjaka National Park, 85 pairs of curly pelicans are nesting The usual 50,000 monthly tourists are keeping away, creating quiet in the area ep where officials hope a population boon will now happen In Thailand, a herd of 30 dugongs was caught on camera swimming in the Hat Chao Mai National Park where tourism has ground to a halt The dugong, also known as sea cow, is classed as a vulnerable species and can often fall victim to Pr fishing nets or suffer due to water pollution The national park has been posting videos on Facebook of large swarms of fish and other species, and says there has been a revival in wildlife since the pandemic began However some animals enjoying new adventures aren't able to stay around for This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 long Several cougars found wandering the streets of Santiago, Chile were captured and released iew ed back to their natural habitats One of the big cats was found inside an apartment complex."They sense less noise and are also looking for new places to find food and some get lost and appear in the cities," Horacio Bórquez, Chile's national director of livestock and agriculture service, said of the animals And who could forget the famous Kashmiri goats of Llandudno? They enjoyed the deserted town in Wales and had a scamper around last month Some even helped themselves to garden flowers and hedges But not all creatures are benefitting from the coronavirus lockdown Europe's pigeons risk starvation, warns an animal rights group in Germany That's because the humans who ev normally feed them or drop morsels of food on the streets are stuck at home The group, while acknowledging that pigeons are a problem for many cities, says they should not be allowed to die a painful death In Krakow, Poland, one animal welfare organisation is coming out specially to feed er r the flocks abandoned for the time being https://www.bbc.com/news/world-52459487 Zhou et al (2020) reported that Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 18 years ago, a large number of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) have been discovered pe in their natural reservoir host, bats Previous studies have shown that some bat SARSr-CoVs have the potential to infect humans Here we report the identification and characterization of a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which caused an epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans in Wuhan, China The epidemic, which started on 12 December 2019, had caused 2,794 laboratory- ot confirmed infections including 80 deaths by 26 January 2020 Full-length genome sequences were obtained from five patients at an early stage of the outbreak The sequences are almost identical and tn share 79.6% sequence identity to SARS-CoV Furthermore, we show that 2019-nCoV is 96% identical at the whole-genome level to a bat coronavirus Pairwise protein sequence analysis of seven conserved non-structural proteins domains show that this virus belongs to the species of rin SARSr-CoV In addition, 2019-nCoV virus isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a critically ill patient could be neutralized by sera from several patients Notably, we confirmed that 2019-nCoV uses the same cell entry receptor—angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2)—as ep SARS-CoV K I N G ( A P R I L , 2 ) t o l d t h a t a s c o v i d - b l i s t e r s its way around the globe, much of the focus has been on stopping the spread of the virus and treating those who are Pr sick But virologists say there’s something else that deserves our focus as well—the search for future animal hosts Experts say that it’s possible the virus could take hold in a new species and build a redoubt for re infecting people in the future.“As the virus is spreading around the world, it This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 might find entirely new reservoir hosts [outside of] China,” says virologist Ralph Baric at the iew ed University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill “We don’t know It is something every country needs to be thinking about as the epidemics wind down.” Coronaviruses are notoriously promiscuous Bats host thousands of types without succumbing to illness, and the viruses have the potential to leap to new species Sometimes they mutate along the way to adapt to their new host; sometimes they can make the leap without changing Coronaviruses are known to infect mammals and birds, including dogs, chickens, cattle, pigs, cats, pangolins, and bats The global health crisis likely started with a coronavirus-infected horseshoe bat in China From there, the germ possibly jumped to an ev intermediary species, then jumped to humans (Read more about how that happens in this zoonotic diseases explainer.)Virologists are working to predict which species are the most likely potential reservoirs The risk of the virus taking hold in a new species—and then those animals quietly er r hosting it for a while before passing it back to humans—is low, says Lin-Fa Wang, a virologist at Duke Global Health Institute in Singapore But it’s still worth preparing for, Baric says, because the consequences could be a resurgence of the pandemic We already know from experience that some pets can become infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 A Pomeranian and a German pe shepherd in Hong Kong have grabbed headlines by becoming infected; so, more recently, has a domestic cat in Belgium A Malayan tiger at the Bronx Zoo in New York City became sick with a dry cough in late March and tested positive for the virus , the U.S Department of Agriculture announced April Researchers are interested broadly in any animal that the coronavirus could ot infect, whether or not it causes illness Though the USDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention say there is currently no evidence that domestic or captive wild animals can spread the tn novel coronavirus to people, it is important to see if such a thing is possible One way virologists can try to predict potential host species is by using 3D computer modelling For the virus to enter a cell to replicate, a spike-shaped protein it has must bind neatly with an enzyme receptor on the rin surface of certain animal cells, according to a recent discovery The receptor, called an ACE2 protein, is the doorknob, and the spike protein is the key that unlocks it Three-dimensional computer modelling can help figure out which animals have ACE2s that can be “unlocked” by the ep virus’s spike protein By comparing ACE2 receptors, a March 2020 study identified a number of species that the virus might be able to infect, including pangolins, cats, cows, buffalo, goats, sheep, pigeons, civets, and pigs Another way scientists are searching for potential hosts is by exposing Pr cells from various animals to the virus, to see which species can actually become infected This is what Baric’s lab is doing, with a focus on a variety of animal species in the United States, including livestock One recent experiment found that cells with ACE2 proteins from humans, horseshoe bats, This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 civets, and pigs could be infected with the virus, while mice could not Once it becomes clear iew ed which species’ cells can become infected in the lab, it’s necessary to tests with live animals in a controlled environment, Baric says To that end, the Friedrich-Loeffler Institute, the German government’s research organization focused on animal health and welfare, is exposing pigs, chickens, fruit bats, and ferrets to the virus to determine whether these species can be infected and whether the virus can replicate in them If the virus can, the animals would be considered potential reservoirs Initial results suggest that fruit bats and ferrets are susceptible, whereas pigs and chickens are not A similar study, reported this month in a preliminary paper, found that the virus ev replicates poorly in dogs, pigs, chickens, and ducks, but replicates well in ferrets and cats, with cats capable of spreading the virus in respiratory droplets This was a lab study, Wang notes, and therefore it doesn’t necessarily mean it will happen in the real world Equally important, Baric says, er r is getting out and testing animals in their natural environments “Coronaviruses shift host frequently,” he says “Ultimately you have to go out and survey wildlife.” These types of studies are very hard to do, Wang says, and currently most wild surveys are focused on finding the possible species that spread the virus in the first place, not which species may maintain it in the future Of pe the animals that turn out to be susceptible to the virus, those that humans spend the most time with are the most likely to get infected, says disease ecologist Peter Daszak, president of EcoHealth Alliance Daszak was part of a virus surveillance team that in 2017 warned about multiple SARSlike viruses in a bat cave in Southern China More time together means more opportunities for the ot virus to make the jump from human to animal, he says Even if the virus makes the jump to a new species, there’s no certainty it will colonize and persist in that animal, say virologists There are a tn lot of factors that have to work out just right for an animal not only to become a host but to become a host capable of re-introducing the virus to humans If it turns out the virus could infect a farm animal, it may cause severe illness or multiple deaths In that case, the virus might be spotted and rin the outbreak contained Or the virus may infect the animals and cause nonspecific symptoms, like diarrhea, that are associated with more common diseases Or it may cause no symptoms at all The virus could circulate undetected and never jump back to humans—or, in any matter of months, ep jump back to humans and kick off a renewed outbreak The best approach for monitoring, says Daszak, is to strategically test key species for antibodies to the virus—a sign that the animal fought a successful battle against the virus Luke O'Neill, an immunologist at Trinity College Dublin, Pr Ireland, says antibody tests are cheap and easy “It is just like a pregnancy test,” he says “A drop of blood, you can see it within minutes if you have the antibodies or not.” It’s a “low probability that the virus will go from a sick person back into an animal,” Daszak says But then again, he muses, This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 comprehensive But researchers are unlikely to get answers about other animals until they test them iew ed directly, says Smita Iyer, a virologist and immunologist at the University of California, Davis “With new viruses like these, you just don’t know what you don’t know.”Nevertheless, researchers have begun to take precautions against the possibility that the virus will move not from animals into humans, but the other way around “The major vector [of disease] is us,” says Wellehan, who interacts with several mammalian species including bats in his work “I don’t see them as a threat I see them as potential victims.”Should humans accidentally carry SARS-CoV-2 back into the wild, the effects could be catastrophic, especially if a threatened or endangered species contracted severe ev disease Concerns about our vulnerable great ape cousins, who harbor coronavirus-friendly versions of ACE2 on their cells, have already prompted conservation sites and parks to shutter Zoos that house wild cousins of species already shown to be vulnerable are also adopting new safety er r measures At the Smithsonian’s National Zoo, keepers are donning extra protective equipment and practicing extensive physical distancing around primates, felids (the group that includes wild cats such as tigers, lions and cheetahs) and mustelids (relatives of ferrets, such as otters) Also being monitored are animals such as civets, the small, cat-like mammals that played a crucial role in the pe SARS outbreak nearly two decades ago.Guarding these species from infection isn’t an easy process, says Don Neiffer, the National Zoo’s chief veterinarian Amidst a pandemic, resources are limited, he says, and some of the changes have been especially difficult for active species that spend a lot of their time engaging in play with keepers However, Neiffer stresses, these measures are in place to ot maximize protection for as many species as possible for the duration of the outbreak By keeping wild animals safe, we’re also protecting ourselves Even if most other animals don’t experience tn severe forms of COVID-19, Saif says, they could quietly harbor the pathogen in their bodies The virus might then be poised to reenter the human population in the future, sparking another devastating outbreak The breadth of the SARS-CoV-2’s evolutionary reach should be an eye- rin opener, Iyer says Cross-species transmissions happen in all directions: animal to animal; animal to human; and human to animal These jumps brought us the pandemic in the first place, she says, and should be a cautionary tale for people as they continue to encroach on and destroy the world’s wild ep spaces.“We might want to start with the basics” and respect the territory of our neighbors out in nature, Iyer says “There’s a reason they’re called ‘wild’ animals.” https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/why-new-coronavirus-affects-some-animals-not- Pr others-180974689/ 10 The Covid-19 pandemic has not slowed down the expansion plans of Russian agricultural holding EkoNiva The company continues to build new milk farms and dairy plants all over the country It This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 aims become the world’s largest milk producer by the end of 2020.The Covid-19-induced economy iew ed crisis has almost not affected EkoNiva, said Stefan Duerr, CEO of EkoNiva “We continue our operation and to meet food demand of the [Russian] population,” said Duerr “The consequences [of the pandemic] are substantial both for the economy and for ordinary citizens I really hope that the measures taken by the government to stabilize the economy would help to support the purchasing power of the population.” According to Duerr, EkoNiva continues plans of building new milk farms, processing capacities and is also placing a lot of effort on improving effectiveness and product quality.“The company’s production costs went up slightly due to the certain safety measures ev introduced because of the coronavirus pandemic,” said Duerr “This is not only about disinfection, but also other serious measures, we also use some imported raw materials, including packaging,” Duerr said, adding that the fluctuations of the exchange rate of the Russian ruble affected these er r costs .All in all the production cost should lead to growth in retail prices within the range between 3% and 10%, but the actual changes of price tags would depend on the economy situation in Russia, according to Duerr “We are realizing that the purchasing power of the population, which was not high enough before the crisis, is not going to increase now,” he said The ongoing crisis could create pe some new opportunities for Russian dairy companies on the global market and EkoNiva is going to be using these opportunities “Not all countries have the same situation as in Russia, where most companies continue operation This could help EkoNiva in developing its export potential,” said Duerr.”We are able to feed a large number of people People are temporarily not able to establish ot business contacts because of the existing travel restrictions, but the borders will open sooner or later and I see great opportunities in developing our export, including of milk.”“Every crisis brings not tn only problems, but also opportunities,” said Duerr “Many companies have started online sales but EkoNiva was not prepared enough to that We had this in mind, but at some point it was put on hold We are working with delivery, but through other companies.”The image of Russian products in rin China is good, in ten years from now we would be able to sell dairy products in big quantities – I’m sure about that EkoNiva earlier unveiled plans to export its products to China, South-East Asia and Middle East “I believe that with no doubt that Russian milk will be a part of the global market,” ep Duerr said, speaking at a press-conference in Moscow in December of 2020 “The image of Russian products in China is good, in ten years from now we would be able to sell dairy products in big quantities – I’m sure about that.”Between the end of 2019 and 30 April 2020, EkoNiva pushed its Pr dairy herd to 103,475 from 97,600 During the first four months of the year the company manufactured 299,000 tones of milk, 35% up compared to the same period of the previous year, EkoNiva said in a statement The production is expected to grow this year at least to million This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 tonnes, possibly to 1.3 million, compared to 800,000 tonnes in 2019 By 2025, the company plans to iew ed produce 1.6 million tonnes of milk per year.The increase in production is also positively affecting the company’s financial performance Ekosem-Agrar AG, the German parent company of EkoNiva Group, has reported that the company generated sales revenues of more than €400m ($433.3m) in the past fiscal year, an increase of more than 60% compared to 2018 Total output also rose to more than €560m ($606.6m), compared to €376.5m ($407.8m) in 2018 According to Sergey Lyashko, commercial director of EkoNiva this year the company is set to invest Rub14 billion ($210m) into expansion EkoNiva previously announced plans to build four dairy plants in Russia until 2024, with ev the overall investment costs of some Rub93 billion ($1.5bn), including three cheese plants and one food plant Three plants would be located in European Russia, including one in Moscow Oblast, and another one in Siberia Construction has already started According to Duerr, EkoNiva is also er r planning investments into new milk farms in order to focus on improving effectiveness and boosting share of products with the higher added value The company increased the quantities of its own products on grocery shelves in Russia and aims to stick to that trend and to enter the list of the country’s biggest dairy processing companies by 2024, Duerr said In order to fuel its expansion the pe company has been considering IPO since 2018 The company has been reluctant to go on the stock exchange because of geopolitical risks and possible international sanctions against the Russian financial sector Speaking in December of 2019, Duerr said that the conditions have improved https://www.dairyglobal.net/Market-trends/Articles/2020/5/Russia-EkoNiva-aims-to-become- ot worlds-biggest-milk-producer-586959E/?dossier=1546&widgetid=0 tn 11 In Brazil the market is suffering with high prices variations paid to farmers, while some plants are shutting in some regions Since 17 March, dairy products prices in Brazil have been showing a roller coaster trend due to Covid-19 pandemic In the first instance a rising trend could be seen, however rin currently producers are seeing a downward trend, which is expected to get worse up until May Initially consumers stocked different types of food and demand for milk skyrocketed As consequence, retailer chains experienced intensified demand for products and milk prices increased ep 22.7% in the second half of March and 24.8% during the entire month The situation also had a huge impact on cheese producers, while milk prices grew, the average price of mozzarella, for example, dropped 0.97% in March Small and medium-sized business felt this crunch which has led to and Pr some having to stop operating The fragility of the cheese market and the instability of consumption generated a domino effect and it led to a drop in the price of milk at the main markets this month The daily Cepea (Center for Advanced Studies in Applied Economics) from Esalq-USP (University of São Paulo) showed that, from April to 15, the average prices for UHT and mozzarella saw This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 decreases of 4% and 4.2%, respectively A knock-on effect could be seen, which resulted in milk iew ed producers not receiving payments in certain regions Also dumping of milk took place at some farms in Brazil - just as it did in the US, Canada and UK, with thousands of liters of milk being dumped Due to the impacts being felt in April, producer prices in May is predicted to remain unfavorable, with Brazil’s dairy producers facing a drop in revenue for in the weeks ahead https://www.dairyglobal.net/Market-trends/Articles/2020/4/Dairy-prices-on-a-roller-coaster-inBrazil-due-to-pandemic-577264E/?dossier=1546&widgetid=0 ev 12 Iran’s government is considering steps to support the national dairy industry which is currently seeing a slump in demand Iran’s government is allowing dairy companies to export 10,000 tonnes of powdered milk by the end of April 2020 in order to support the national dairy industry amid the er r drop in demand due to the closures in the food service industry etc, the Iran Industry Ministry announced in March In addition to this a large portion of the population are not able to afford dairy products in the desired quantities because their purchasing power was affected with the Trump sanctions and now demand has also declined to Covid-19.Previously export restrictions were pe introduced in 2018 to curb and prevent price fluctuations on the domestic market amid the sanctions introduced by the Trump administration against the country However, since 20 April this year, the Iran Ministry and Agricultural Jihad and Iran’s Dairy Industries Association failed to agree on the list of companies allowed to export their products, so export is yet to begin, local newspaper Dunya- ot e-Eqtesad said The problem is that a large number of companies in Iran has filed an application to export powdered milk, while some of these have had no experience in the export of powdered milk, tn the newspaper reported Iran’s Dairy Industries Association estimated that the country has been producing million tonnes of milk per year, exporting 450,000 tonnes for about US $770 million The industry added production capacities for million tonnes of dairy production during the past rin three years, but the output is expected to shrink this year Allahyar Valizadeh Vand Chali, chairman of the Board of Directors of the Babian Livestock Industry Union revealed that dairy plants were refusing to accept milk from farms because the warehouses were filled with finished products due to ep a slump in demand on the domestic market Some companies were even forced to shut down their plants, he added For example, in the Mazandaran province only 10 companies were continuing operation, while many others have suspended production due to Covid-19 and a shrinkage in Pr demand, he said The problem has affected the entire supply chain, as milk farmers get no payments, resulting in no money to purchase feed, Mehr News Agency reported, citing local market participants With this back setting of low demand and the impact of Covid-19, Iran’s Dairy Industries Association has also appealed to the government, asking for a government contract for This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 million tonnes of milk – to manufacture dairy products, which could be distributed by the iew ed government to the percentage of the population (15%) in Iran who are struggling to make ends meet - and now with the nationwide lockdown, most have lost jobs Therefore, the measure is called upon to protect the most vulnerable part of society in Iran According to Reza Bakeri, secretary of Iran’s Dairy Industries Association, the proposal was originally put forward in mid-2019 with the aim to support the consumption on the domestic market and to improve capacity rate of the dairy companies The million tones of milk will be used to manufacture only - pasteurized milk, yogurts and cheese, according to Iran’s Dairy Industries Association So far no decisions have been made https://www.dairyglobal.net/Market-trends/Articles/2020/4/Covid-19-Whats-happening-in- ev yet Irans-dairy-industry-577084E/?dossier=1546&widgetid=0 er r 13 The havoc that Covid-19 is causing across the globe and spanning industries is without a doubt extreme Although there is still a lot that is not clear in terms of statistics and numbers about the actual impacts Covid-19 will have this year, there are concerns What the top factors in the dairy industry that are being closely monitored? Logistics In the US, the government continues to pe monitor US ports of entry, shipping channels, processing facilities, and the food supply to ensure the safety and integrity of US food At this time, there is no heightened concern for the safety of food produced and processed in the United States, including dairy foods according to International Dairy Foods Association (IDFA) Michael Dykes, D.V.M., president and CEO of the IDFA added, "Our ot association is in close contact with federal agencies and the White House to ensure transportation routes and supply lines in different regions of the country remain free of disruption These routes are tn crucial to commerce and public safety and must remain unobstructed.”The actual situation at China ports remains unclear, there have been concerns in early March about shipping containers sitting on vessels, which were unable to dock at Chinese ports, as well as the reduced number of containers rin being moved in and out of Chinese ports These concerns were whether this will lead to some spoilage of perishable like butter and cheese Workforce The impact on workers in China in the midst of Covid-19 is apparent as the country fights to stop the spread – and as many of the workers ep in ports have been asked to stay home, causing a backup of container ships Another concern arising in the sector is - what could happen to the agricultural workforce if this become more widespread at dairy farms, for example Dairy operations could see a major impact on workforce if the virus Pr spreads to farm workers It is therefore vital to plan ahead given the current situation Having a management plan in place at dairy operations would be benefit in the long run Markets Regarding China’s dairy imports, according to a senior analyst at Rabobank: for the full year of 2020,1% YOY decline in total dairy demand (LME) would potentially lead to a reduction in import (LME) by 11% This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 YOY for the year, whereas a 5% YOY reduction in total dairy demand (LME) would lead to import iew ed (LME) falling 25% YOY in 2020 Rabobank further added: given the major impact on food service, the knock-on effects could prompt exporters that service that segment to shift some production from cheese, butter and cream into WMP and SMP over time, resulting in more milk powder on the global market, especially if China goes into destocking mode.US Secretary Tom Vilsack, CEO of the US Dairy Export Council and former US Secretary of Agriculture mentioned main reasons why a drop in prices could be seen: The build-up at Chinese ports and lower demand In a different light, an International Dairy Foods Association (IDFA) press notice on 14 March, Dykes, D.V.M., ev president and CEO of the IDFA, released the following statement regarding the availability of dairy products across the US: "Our members, who represent the full dairy supply chain from the dairy cooperatives to dairy processors to the retailers, report at this time that the nation’s dairy industry is er r experiencing no interruptions and is continuing to supply American consumers with affordable, healthy milk and dairy products even as demand surges At present, at retail facilities across the country, milk remains affordable and available.” https://www.dairyglobal.net/Market- trends/Articles/2020/3/Covid-19-Top-3-factors-under-watch-in-the-dairy-sector-555917E/? pe intcmp=related-content&intcmp=related-co 14 Khan (March 30, 2020) carried out a study and in this study the universe of the study was the world The major objective of the study was to critically review the dairy cow industry in the world Total ot 18 articles were downloaded from the net and many times were read and analyzed the situation about dairy cow industry and draw the results The result indicates that cow dairy industry is very tn important industry in the world which provides milk, meat and manure to the countries of the world Mostly majority byproducts are exported to other countries of the world Fodders play great role in milk production The developed countries provide balance food to their cow while developing rin countries foods are imbalances which give less milk in the developing countries of the world The main thing is the fund The developing countries budget is very weak and they always demand from IMF and World Bank for their deficit budget fulfillment So it is observed, that their everything is ep very weak and they always depend on the developed countries The developed countries interfere in their country matter and policy, so because they always poor and their country institution are very weak and their research are very weak and they cannot produced quality students for their countries Pr to good research in dairy industry So the study shows that fund is necessary for the development of a country and without good fund the development of the country is impossible Through research new breeds are produced which play great role for milk production It was also observed that in the world that Friesian cow give 60 litters milk in the lactation period while this characteristic is not in This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 Achay breed in Pakistan to give more milk Most milk is produced during the period between early- iew ed to-mid spring and midwinter, which largely connected with the grass growing season in the world The review further explains that over excess of more feed by dairy cow not increase the protein and fat percentage in the cow milk while the over excess food discharged in the urine and dung which latter on increase the methane gas in the environment which play great role in climate change and depleting the ozone layer It was also diagnosed that grazing cow health is better than the non grazing cow in the world So more space is required for rearing of cow herds in the world Similarly it was also reviewed that A1 β casine in cow milk cause the coronary heart disease and Type-I ev diabetes in the world New Zealand have set up, testing laboratories in his country for checking of A1 β casine because it is dangerous for the health while few scientist go against this statement They told that CHD and Type-I diabetes have no relationship with A1 β casine Similarly day by day the er r production of crop land is decreasing in the world due to house construction and road development and population in the world In 2067 the world population will be reached to 10.4 billion in the future, so the dependency will be occurred on the livestock sector in the future The production of dairy cow of the south hemisphere will be decreased while the northern will be increased So it is pe necessary for the world government to plan well and prepare a good plan for the future challenges according to world milk demand America has decreased the number of cow in their country while increased the total size of the herds On the basis of problem the study recommends that to provide more fund to educational institution in the developing countries for the purpose of research in the ot future Without good funding to educational institution, the development of the country is impossible Institutions are the building pillar and without good institution the poverty reduction in tn the world is impossible Good educated mother produce good children and good children get good education which play great role in new innovation of the countries and without new innovation the country per capita and GDP improvement and prosperity is impossible The world developed rin countries invest more in their education, such as America invest 15% of the whole budget in their education while the Pakistan invest only 2% on their education then how Pakistan compete with America So the discussions show that without education and research the development of the dairy ep industry in the world is impossible Subsequently development want honest government and honest army staff in the country Where hustle and bustle is more where the development of the dairy cow is impossible Therefore it is requested to the world all government to select honest and talented staff Pr for their assemblies to plan properly for the development of their countries The study further explains that without good people the development of the dairy industry is impossible So development want good mothers and good families in the countries which provide good raw This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 material to religious institutions and other institution in the countries which latter on produced good iew ed expert for the country development Similarly good expert play great role for dairy industry development while good fodders and balance diet has great role for enhancement of dairy industry in the world 15 Khan et al (13th ,May, 2020) analyzed that Social stigma is the fear and terror which disturb the function of the mind and latter on affect the other system of the body Seeing to its importance the present study was arranged since 13th, May, 2020 The major objective was that to see the effects of ev social stigma on the sick people of COVID2019 in the community of the world Secondary data was used and total 25 articles were downloaded from the net and read many times and analyzed the situation and wrote the result The result indicates that social stigma and covid-2019 have a positive er r relationship The Corona is not so danger but the social stigma creates different problems in the community of the world which not only kill the human being but also affect their socioeconomic condition and ruin the economy of the world The people feel terror and fear and because of this mind disturb which further affect other function of the human being which latter on affect the pe economic development of the world The social stigma is link with different factors, such as racism, tobacco, poverty nationalism, sexism, xenophobia, homophobia, ageism, fake media, less fund, less medical facilities, less doctors, less transport facilities Non Locked down of boundaries, and Good supervision So WHO explain that only listen to those media which are true and avoid that media ot which is fake in the world Now a day on YouTube different type videos are uploaded but everyone only focus on the view and want that how to increase their view about COVID-2019 for earn the tn money Such types Videos topic create terror and increase the heart attack in the world So think about the media how much the information is correct The study also explains that one approach should be applied for pandemic control in the world Do not see to racism, nationalism, ageism and rin sexism but only focus on the problem control of COVID-2019 Similarly Such types stereotypes persons create social stigma in the world community which resist in real problem solution They focus only their nation but cannot thinking of the world humanity Through this way problem ep increases and the pandemics spread to the whole world then control is difficult So the study recommend that to stand unite against the problems solution and give respect to health services department because in this time they work like the front line soldier During treatment the virus Pr mostly infect the Doctors and their staffs, so encouragement is required by government of the world and one step promotion is recommended for that staffs, who involve against corona virus fighting Also help those people who before were employed but now they are unemployed Through unemployment the social stigma increases Fake Generalist should be punished by each government This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 of the world Community awareness should be advertised by social media Always help the iew ed government in funding for medical facilities Through this way social stigma should be controlled Principles of the pandemic should be taught at soft language through media Do not afraid from pandemic but encourage to people of the world for COVID-2019 Do not create social stigma in the community of the world but try for its solution because it is the social stigma which have affected the people of the world and its economy 16 Khan et al (29th, April ,2020) carried out a study The universe of the study was the world The ev major objective was to examine corona virus locked down effect on oil prices and its effect on the world economy Secondary data was used for the present study Total 20 papers were downloaded from the net and studied in depth and wrote the result The result indicates that for COVID-2019 er r control the locked down was imposed in each country of the world Majority vehicles were locked at their garages in the world All industries of the world were closed All aircrafts landing were banned Majority people of the world were stayed at their houses Only hospitals were opened for the treatment of sick people in the world because of this the consumption of the oil decreased which pe have declined the demand of the oil in the world The price was reached to 2.175 dollars per gallon and it was the below level in the four decades from 1980-2020 Similarly majority people were become unemployed and the remittances from the foreign were stop into developing countries The GDP growth was highly affected due to corona virus locked down The corona virus killed many ot person in the world which increased the locked down period in the world while locked down has decreased the oil consumption of the world which has further wholly solely paralyzed the economic tn system of the world Few governments have tried to finish the locked down in their countries but due to high spreading of corona virus infection the locked down period was enlarged Few countries have controlled the situation while still the locked down have continued in their countries So corona rin virus is the big issue of the world Every country tries to discover the vaccine China, Germany, UK and Pakistan claimed that they had prepared the vaccine but still the vaccine is not available in the market The study recommends that Social distance among world community is required for corona ep virus controlling; Health and food is first requirement of the nation and then the security of others items of the world; Unity in the world for locked down is required; Positive thinking is required for protection of the world economy; Help those countries of the world whose economies are below Pr poverty line in the world; WHO should mostly focus on corona virus in the world; At this time not think for the economic development of a country; Focus on food only and medical facilities for controlling the corona virus When the corona virus will be controlled, then automatically the locked down in the world will be ended and then the other business starting possibility is possible in the This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 world; So the main target is the corona virus controlling, otherwise world economy protection is iew ed impossible; Strict action should be followed for locked down by all countries in the world; Locked down is the only sources for controlling the corona virus in the world; All world boundaries should be closed ; All airports of the world should be banned; Mostly stay at their home; One formula locked down should be used at world level for corona virus controlling; This is the corona virus which has disturbed the economy of the world, so first is the control of corona virus and then the economic development of the world So corona virus controlling is first required for the protection ev of world economy 17 Khan et al (24, Nov, 2019) carried out a study and the major objective was that to see the role of agriculture in the development of rural economy of Pakistan Total 21 articles were used in this er r study and critically review in depth 10 to 20 times and analyzed the situation what is going on in the Pakistan Rural Economy The result indicates that Poor countries economy always behind than the rich countries according to vicious circle theory There always fighting are seen in the countries and assemblies Also bad planning and deficit budget is the fate of these countries and they always pe depend on IMF and World Bank Everything is going bad and worse in these countries Such like condition is in the Pakistan Irrigation systems are not so developed to quickly increase the production of the country One case study was included in this study which clearly shows that after irrigation the production was increased and the farmers purchasing power was improved Different ot programs were launched in the country for the purpose of rural development but all failed in achieving their objectives Among these programs village Aid Program was the key program but due tn to lack of fund, absence from duty and lack of coordination among building departments was totally failed Three time land reforms were launched for agriculture development in the country but not achieved the specific objectives Credit different programs were launched for the development of rin agriculture but mostly fund were miss utilized for other purpose Honey bee program is a successful program working in Pakistan but never supported by government Different Tree plantation program were launched for the coverage of forest while no successful achievement was gained by ep government and mostly fund was miss utilized by workers of the party Huge fund was not provided to educational institution in Pakistan for the purpose of agriculture activities and especially for research in Pakistan The focuses on the agro based industries were not focused by government in Pr the country No proper institutions were developed for the purpose of skill development Similarly political instability was observed in the country and four times Martial was imposed while the agriculture growth in the Army era was found better and less in democratic government Every government passed the time in favoritism, corruption, nepotism for development of their families This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 while no touch was given to poor communities of the countries which are living in the rural area of iew ed Pakistan On the basis of problems the following recommendation were given for enhancing rural economy of the country:, Political stability is required for the development of a country More funds should be provided to the community of farming and cottage industrial owner in the country for uplifting the economy Lack of Coordination among the building department in the country is requested for controlling of problems in time through different Projects Monitoring set up of, all programs of the country should be developed Subsidized and support price policy should be expedite in the country All institution in the country should be developed Tax should be adjusted ev according to consumer purchasing power Good marketing system should be developed in the country for agriculture commodities More poverty programs should be launched for eradication of poverty from the country Favoritism, Nepotism and Corruption should be removed from the er r country Good relation should be established with the foreign countries Saving should be increased for the purpose of investment at local and national level Farmers of the country and small industrial owner should be exempted from the tax More funds should be given to small farmers in the country for boosting the rural economy of Pakistan Peace should be provided to farmers in the country and pe terrorism should be controlled for peace purpose of the farmers In every village at school level radio station should be developed for spreading knowledge through school students to community of the farmers for enhancing their agriculture productivity for rural people uplifting ot 18 Khan and Faisal (March, 3, 2020) carried out a study The major objective was that to see the epidemiology of corona virus in the world and its effects on the China economy Secondary data was tn used and total 15 articles were downloaded from the net and read again and again and draw the conclusion about epidemiology of the corona virus in the world and checked its effects on China economy The result indicates that the virus was spread from the Hunan Sea food market China and rin then spread to the whole world slowly gradually which reached to majority world countries and have created panic in the whole world Every country of the world now try how to control the situation but the main epicenter is the China City Wuhan province Hoebi The China government have sealed ep the boundaries of this city and no one has right to cross the boundaries of this city in China They all are locked in the homes for protection purpose and China all Health departments are engaged in health services to infected community of the country Majority Health servants have been affected Pr by this virus but the people of the health services try how to control the situation The trend is now on the declined while new cases were also appeared day by day but the nation is struggling for its control measures WHO experts involved in China how to control this epidemic disease which have destroy the whole world All schools and colleges have been closed and there is a ban on all social This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 activities in the country No factory was run for the purpose of production and all airports of the iew ed country have been sealed while all outsiders have been banned for entering into China The China country is in a position of hustle and bustle All developmental programs of the country have been closed for further activates of development Due this panic the country inflation rate of the goods are very high which reached to 50% The growth of the economy is also on the declined at 2% which was 6% in the past China is the big country of the world and this country economy is linked with all world countries economy Through this way all world economy is in a trouble because they have sealed their airports and no one have right to come from China or someone go to China Similarly ev the virus reached to every corner of the world and indifferent countries the trend is different of the infected people The number of South Korea infected person is seconded in the world and followed by Iran, Japan, United State, Thailand, Denmark, Ireland etc These countries have great traded er r activities with the china and because of this those countries have been highly affected by this virus Majority hypertension, diabetes infected people were died by this virus Still no vaccine was discovered for its control and it is reported that the world scientist are busy in vaccine discovery and it is the possibility that in one year the vaccine will be discovered No proper treatment in the world pe have been identified for this virus controlling but the infected people only are kept in hospital and only first aid applied to them and the people who immunity power is high who very easily recovered from the virus The study further explain that the virus sever attack is on the old people whose age is above 80 while below 9-15 years infection is less than the other age people Through social contact ot this virus transmitted to other people in the study area People mostly wear the facemask and plastic cloth for its protection Similarly the virus was carried out by traveling from one country to another tn It was also found that the transmitting source is the Hoebi Province and Wuhan City in the world The study further clarified that the whole world is in the panic and everyone try how to control the situation On the basis of problems the study recommend that all airports of the world should be rin closed and entry from one country to other country should be banned; Plastic clothe and facemask should be wore for its transition from one person to another; Food items should be checked by food inspector; All boundaries of all countries of the world should be sealed; Test laboratories of corona ep virus should be multiplied in the world; All countries of the world should be helped of one another in this panic and terror time, World scientist should try for discovery of vaccine; More funds should be provided to china and also provided good Doctors by WHO for this problem solution; Help Pr mostly on humanitarian basses; Keep the infected person in warm room and should be treated well; Always wear the facemask and plastic cloths when contact to infected persons in the hospital; This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 Through air craft, food and medicine should be provided to affected country of the world for food CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS iew ed and medicine crisis’s; All countries of the world population virus test is requested for its best control The study concludes that covid-2019 locked down has disturbed all activities of the dairy animal Covid-2019 increased the fear and terror in the world which increased locked down period in the ev world which affect the food of the dairy animals and decreased the production of milk in the world while on other side due to locked down the supply of dairy product was decreased to market but the demand was also negatively affected which negatively affected the socioeconomic er r condition of the world community in the world So locked down and dairy animals products have negative relationship in the world It was also observed in the world where the number of cases of the corona sick people was more there the locked down was found more than the other area of the world while their the affection of the dairy product was also found higher than the other area Similarly corona push the sick people in the world while sick people increasing affect of the pe terror and fear trend in the world which have positively increased the locked down in the world and similarly affect the dairy economy negatively in the world So the government of the world focused on two sides namely corona number of sick people and economy of the world and locked down is the accelerator which increase and decrease to the control of corona and improve the ot economy So every government was confused how to handle the problems If they increase the locked down period then the corona number of sick people was decreased while the people tn business of the world was negatively affected which affect the socioeconomic condition of the world people The study recommend that to increase the locked down for corona cases decreasing in the world while door to door supply of the food is compulsory The world majority people are rin very poor and mostly depend on their small business and without these business survival of life is impossible in this world so those people help is required by government in the world; The farmers are the producers of the food to the whole world, so it is necessary for the government of the world to provide credit facilities to farmers for their input purchasing to purchase input for their ep crops in time; Provide fodder for their dairy animals; Provide market for their dairy products in the world; Help in product marketing in the world; Mask wearing, social distance feet should be kept stable by each government of the world while locked down period should be decreased in the Pr world for enhancing world economy AUTHORS CONTRIBUTIONS This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 Dr.Naushad Khan is the corresponding author He created the idea and downloaded the data from iew ed the net and set a paper while Shah Fahad help in proofreading and discussion of the paper Similarly Mahnoor Naushad help in paper analysis and typing while Shah Faisal help in proofreading and downloading the data REFFERENCES Abby Bauer (March, 13, 2020)Cows and coronavirus https://hoards.com/blog-27387-cows-andcoronavirus.html [2] BBC NEWS (29 April 2020)Coronavirus: Wild animals enjoy freedom of a quieter world https://www.bbc.com/news/world-52459487 [3] Chaotic and crazy': meat plants around the world struggle with virus outbreaks https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/may/11/chaotic-and-crazy-meat-plants-around-theworld-struggle-with-virus-outbreaks [5] Daly R (March 16, 2020) COVID-19 and Livestock: Is there https://extension.sdstate.edu/novel-coronavirus-and-livestock-there-connection [6] K I N G A (A P R I L , 2 ).The hunt for the next potential coronavirus animal host https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2020/03/coronavirus-animal-reservoir-research/ Khan, Naushad, Critical Review of Dairy Cow Industry in the World (March 30, 2020) Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3564129 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3564129 a connection? pe [7] er r ev [1] Khan, Naushad and Fahad, Shah and Naushad, Mahnoor and Faisal, Shah, Effects of Social Stigma on the Sick People of COVID-2019 in the Community of the World (May 13, 2020) Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3600579 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3600579 [9] Khan, Naushad and Hanan, Fazal and Fahad, Shah and Naushad, Mahnoor, Critical Review of Agriculture Role in the Development of Rural Economy of Pakistan (November 24, 2019) Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3492744 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3492744 [9] Khan, Naushad and Fahad, Shah and Naushad, Mahnoor and Faisal, Shah, COVID-2019 Locked down Effects on Oil Prices and Its Effects on the World Economy (April 29, 2020) Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3588810 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3588810 tn ot [8] rin [10] Khan, Naushad and Faisal, Shah, Epidemiology of Corona Virus in the World and Its Effects on the China Economy (March 3, 2020) Available SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3548292 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3548292 Katherine J Wu (APRIL 20, 2020) Why the New Coronavirus Affects Some Animals, but Not Others.https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/why-new-coronavirus-affects-someanimals-not-others-180974689/ ep [11] at Market trends (News 20 May 2020).Russia: EkoNiva aims to become world’s biggest milk producerhttps://www.dairyglobal.net/Market-trends/Articles/2020/5/Russia-EkoNiva-aims-tobecome-worlds-biggest-milk-producer-586959E/?dossier=1546&widgetid=0 Pr [12] [13] Market trends (News 30 Apr 2020).Dairy prices on a roller coaster in Brazil due to pandemic https://www.dairyglobal.net/Market-trends/Articles/2020/4/Dairy-prices-on-a-roller-coaster-inBrazil-due-to-pandemic-577264E/?dossier=1546&widgetid=0 This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 Market trends (News 29 Apr 2020.)Covid-19: Iran’s dairy industry in the spotlight https://www.dairyglobal.net/Market-trends/Articles/2020/4/Covid-19-Whats-happening-in-Iransdairy-industry-577084E/?dossier=1546&widgetid=0 [15] Market trends (.News 16 Mar 2020).Covid-19: Top factors under watch in the dairy sector https://www.dairyglobal.net/Market-trends/Articles/2020/3/Covid-19-Top-3-factors-under-watch-inthe-dairy-sector-555917E/?intcmp=related-content&intcmp=related-co [16] NEWS(27 Apr 2020).Pakistan: Coronavirus lockdown threatens livestock in Thar desertLockdown stops annual migration of desert's dwellers in search of water and fodder for thousands of livestock https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/pakistan-coronavirus-lockdown-threatens-livestock-thardesert-200427100837890.html [17] Sana Jamal, Correspondent (May 01, 2020 10:20).How will COVID-19 affect Pakistan farmers, food system? https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/how-will-covid-19-affect-pakistan-farmers-foodsystem-1.71196910 [18] Zhou, P., Yang, X., Wang, X et al A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin Nature 579, 270–273 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7 Pr ep rin tn ot pe er r ev iew ed [14] This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3616325 ... https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/how-will -covid- 19- affect-pakistan-farmers-food-system1.7 1196 910 Katherine J Wu(APRIL 20, 2020) reported that In just a few months, the ongoing COVID- 19 ev pandemic has put billions... 01, 2020 10:20).How will COVID- 19 affect Pakistan farmers, food system? https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/how-will -covid- 19- affect-pakistan-farmers-foodsystem-1.7 1196 910 [18] Zhou, P., Yang,... https://www.dairyglobal.net/Market-trends/Articles/2020/4 /Covid- 19- Whats-happening-in- ev yet Irans-dairy-industry-577084E/?dossier=1546&widgetid=0 er r 13 The havoc that Covid- 19 is causing across the globe and spanning