Ảnh hưởng của trào lưu tư tưởng ánh sáng pháp đối với phan bội châu

A N H H U O N G CUA T R A O D O I L l / U TIT T U O N G V O I P H A N B O I A N H S A N G C H A U Ths Do M a n h Khoa T i r rihung nam cuoi the k y X I X dau the ky X X , cac "Tdn thu", "Tdn vdn" mang n o i dung t u t u o n g dan c h u t u san va van phuong Tay theo cac duong minh Trung Quoc, N h a t Ban va Phap vao V i e t N a m biet, mot so tac p h a m cua cac nha triet hoc A n h sang Phap the k y X V I I I n h u Van phap tinh ly cua M o n t e s q u i e u , Tien hod ludn ciia Voltaire, Ddn udc ludn ciia Rousseau cung dupe truyen ba vao n u o c ta Thong qua nhung tac p h a m nay, cac sT phu yeu nuoc tien bo bat dau tiep can v o i l o i hoc m d i , den quydn t u dan chu va khoa hoc - k y thuat p h u o n g Tay T u y so sai, thieu he thong, nhung "Tdn thu", "gidi tod nhiing vd hanh nhung phdn dpng, "Tdn rang hdm ngudi yeu si phu tien vao thdi ky mdi"" van" co tac dung budc cu ndng nude len bau mau duang bp dau suy thdi - tuc the ky XX de nghi ndng bp budc N h u d u o c tiep them sinh k h i m d i , cac sT phu yeu nude tien bo da nhiet liet don nhan H o sung suong t i m thay "Tdn thu", "Tdn van" nhirng "mdn an thich van Dinh Xuan Lam: Tdn the vd dnh hudng ciia no den y~iet \ 'in bdi cdnh Ddng Nam A hdi dau the ky XX Hap chi Nghien cuu Dong Nam A, so 2, 1998, tr.5 Dai hoc Swpham Hue tu tudng ddn Tay de mdi Id Bai viet tap t r u n g t i m hieu dau an dung khoa Hung hoc - ky thuat phuong dudng vao dudng ciru nude tu san " ciia mot so nha t u t u d n g A n h sang Phap the k y X V I I I ddi v d i Phan B o i Chau Phan B o i Chau h i e u la Sao N a m , sinh 26-12-1867 d lang D a n N h i e m (nay la xa X u a n Hoa), h u y e n N a m Dan, t i n h N g h e A n mot gia d i n h nha N h o ngheo Sinh d v i i n g dat giau t r u y e n t h o n g yeu nude, l d n len c h u n g k i e n su that bai ciia n h u n g phong trao k h a n g Phap cac si phu, van than lanh dao nen s d m h i n h d Phan mot d u d n g c u u n u d e m d i "Tuy thira nhung tinh than cua phong trao vdn Cdn dupe mdi cu the hod dupe cdu true phong tu tudng mdi" nhirng ke Vuong, dng dd ddi mat vdi mpt vdn de la, cd khac phuc chi han che ciia no thi hoat dpng ciia minh De trao mdi, cdn cd hinh thirc vd T r o n g su tran t r d do, nam Dinh Xuan Lam, Bui Dinh Phong: Cudc dip xuc Viet Nam vdi thi giai qua tdn hdi ddu thi ky XX, Tap chi Nghien cuu Dong Nam A, sd 2, 1994, tr.21-26 Shiraishi Masaya: Phong trao ddn IQC Viet Nam vd quan he ciia no vai Nhdt Ban va chdu A - Tu tudng cua Phan Bdi Chdu ve each mang vd thi giai, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Noi, 2000,1.1, tr 158 sit, hop vdi thai dai mdi la nhung gay nen su phan hoa, d o i m o i ve t u t u o n g Dac Lich chit cimg P H A P NGHIEN CC7U CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N ° (128).2011 68 1897 tren buoc d u o n g l i e n ket t i m dong chi nha cai each T r u n g Quoc nen co nhieu noi de c u u nuac lan dau t i e n ong dugc tiep xuc dung p h i e n dien han che va tieu cue Tuy v o i "Tdn thu" bao g o m n h u n g tac pham n h u vay Phan B o i C h a u cung n h u cac sT p h u yeu Trung Dong nude tien bo n u d e ta dau the k y X X "dd cd Danh hoan chien ky Phap chi lupc - Phd chien ky, C h i n h n h u n g tac pham gang tim hieu da l a m cho t u t u o n g the g i a i cua Phan vao bat dau m a m Phan B o i Chau viet: da xdc len dupe xem nhung sdeh trang canh trang vi vong cdng kich thich tu tuong manh ay mdi hieu tranh phd dpng" o quoc qua duoc hoan thdi hai tham 6c sau lam cui so long den nhan" Trung co liet ke Mau Quoc mdi chinh bien hon cua L u o n g K h a i Sieu va mot hai t d Tdn ddn tirng bdo N h u n g sach cupc chi'nh bien nude Nga - Nhdt Khang chien Luong chua md khong Tau (1898) tranh truyen bde co cua si phu "Neu (1904) sang, Co the n o i t r o n g Trao l u u t u tudng than la C h i i t i c h T o a an B o o c d o N a m 1748 ong xuat ban tac p h a m n o i tieng Tinh Phap cupc sdeh mdi luat phan t i c h m o t each he thong va dieu kien va n g u y e n tac ciia chung O n g cho rang: "Hinh chu mong cung nhu rang nhung thuc la mpt quyen a Anh chinh nen hanh quyen la nen quan quan chu lap hien cua nhd vua bi han che Tic ong di den tu tuong mpt quoc gia cd quy cii, phai quyen rieng cac nha t u t u o n g A n h sang Phap the k y phap vd tu phap, X V I I I truven vao nude ta n o i chung anh ddm nhiem, h u o n g den Phan B o i Chau n o i rieng da b i cdn thiet cho tu do'" biet vd doc kip: lap phap, nhung co quan cho cd ba hanh khde vd cho rdng la bao dam Phan B o i Chau da tiep qua nhan thuc chu quan ciia cac Phan Boi Chau: Toan tap NXB Thuan Hoa va Trung tam Van hoa Ngon ngu Dong Tay Ha Npi 2000Tt.6 tr 116-117 Phan Boi Chau: Toan tap sdd t.10 tr.432 than chi tiet cac h i n h thiic c h i n h quyen, nhirng ghi m o t gia d i n h quy toe ao dai giau co va ban N h u vay t u t u o n g dan chu t u san cua xa" cdn trdn o M o n t e s q u i e u (1689 - 1755) xuat than t u ngudi"' "khue trao cuu nude Phan B o i Chau cd cimg thi giac ta e den Ho t u t u d n g cung n h u c h i i t r u o n g c u u nude ciia bao m d i da anh h u d n g rat l d n den t u t u d n g Phan B o i Chau: cua minh va Rousseau de l a i dau an kha dam net luc Tudt dung vd cai t h a i k y phong trao bien phap o T r u n g Quoc bieu mpt phong dau the ky XX md su sdeh Chau co co h o i tiep xuc v a i n h u n g tac pham Nien loi cuu nude ung A n h sang Phap the k y X V I I I , Montesquieu K h o a n g nam 1903 Phan B o i dudng loc vd dem chung hog sau vi diet o "Tdi chon Chuong Thau: Anh hudng cua Cach mang tu san Phap doi vai mot so nhd Nho Viet Nam yeu nude vd din bo dau thiky XX Tap chi Nghien cuu Ljch sir, so 1989 tr.79-86 Tran Van Tri: Cach mang Phap 1789, Nxb Giao due Ha Npi, 198° Ai 'lud'acr cuu trua 69 luu thu dugc nhirng noi dung gi tu* tuong vdi mpt dng vua " T h u c td t r o n g C u o n g ITnh ciia M o n t e s q u i e u ciia D u y T a n h o i n a m 1906 va n h u r i g tac p h a m ciia Phan B o i C h a u viet t r o n g khoang T h a n g 5-1904, tai nha T i d u L a N g u y e n t h o i gian cho thay che m a ong theo Thanh Q u a n g N a m , Phan B o i Chau duoi la m o t che quan chii lap hien thuc lap D u y T a n h o i C u o n g D d l a m H o i su, c h i i k h o n g phai la m o t nen quan chii t r u o n g v o i m u c d i c h la tang c u o n g thuc luc phong k i e n k e m theo m o t nghi v i e n bu n h i n ca ve n g u o i va tai c h i n h dd tidn hanh bao T r o n g tac p h a m Tdn dong lat ach t h o n g t r i cua thuc dan Phap, Viet Nam (1907), phan n o i ve c h u o n g t r i n h k i e n tao m o t nuoc khoi phuc nen doc lap cho dan toe, xay d u n g V i e t N a m m o i sau k h i d u y tan, tac gia da mot nha n u o c p h o n g theo m o h i n h quan chii nhan manh t o i quyen l a m c h i i ciia n g u o i dan lap hien Tren co so d u y tan dat nuoc, dan t r i se m o V i e c D u y T a n h o i va Phan B o i Chau giuong len ngon co "quan chu", mang nhieu, dan k h i se I o n m a n h h o n , dan chon quyen se phat trien nhanh, van menh nuoc C u o n g D e l a m H o i t r u o n g la viec lam co tinh sach l u g e c h u k h o n g phai la ho thich nha se toan dan n a m g i u va quyet d i n h tren co so ket h o p chat che g i u a quyen l g i v a quan chii h o n cong hoa V o i su d o i ciia nghia v u cua n g u o i dan nuoc Tac gia Duy Tan h o i , xet ve h i n h thirc to chirc va t o n khang dinh: chi muc d i c h , c h i i n g ta co the khang d i n h rang: Phan B o i C h a u la n g u o i V i e t N a m dau truat, Duy T a n h o i ban dau c o n l o n g leo, n h u n g ro rang la no van gan v o i n h u n g dac d i e m ciia mot dang m a n g m a u sac dan chii t u san H o i D u y T a n ciia Phan B o i Chau k h o n g co y dinh phuc v u m o t ong vua, m o t trieu dai nao, tat ca m o i suy n g h i va hanh d o n g ciia ong deu n h a m phuc v u dan toe va nhan dan V o i nhan thirc do, Phan B o r C h a u "Id nha tri ddu tien vd cung tien nhdn danh Nai quyen chinh la nhd van, nhd tha dau lai cua cd ddn toe tpc lap ddi vdi moi lien he trung Id quan la vua nen de hay nen thang ddn ta deu cd quyen tien da lap m o t dang c h i n h t r i theo mot y nghia hien dai ciia tir D i i cho to chirc dudi "Tren vua te quan hpi nghi cdng hu khong nghi, quyet dugc Nghi hay nen doan hop cdng vien, quyen cd trach, Nhung trung phat " V i e t N a m se k h o n g chap nhan su bao ho ciia bat c i i m o t c u o n g qudc nao, dan ta phai nam g i u chii q u y e n ciia nuoc ta va theo Phan B o i Chau, can phai co m o t co che t h i c h h o p de nhan dan ta thuc hien quydn l a m chii dat nuoc C o chd co su phan cong, p h d i hop giua T h u o n g v i e n , T r u n g v i e n va H a vien O n g viet: "Giua nude Viet gidng, dao, thi ddn ta hpi khien nen Chuong Thau: Nghien ciru Phan Boi Chdu, Nxb Chinh trj qudc gia, Ha Noi, 2004, tr.71 Phan Boi Chau: Toan tap, sdd, t.2, tr 179 ta dat 70 NGHIEN CUU CHAU A U - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N ° (128).2011 mpt toa Nghi vien lent Bao nhieu tri deu cdng nghi vien phai Trung chung dpi Trung nghi vien phai y mai dupe so cong quyet dinh nghi chinh Thuong vien ddng dpi Ha nghi vien thi hanh chung viec y, dong chon c h i n h the quan chii lap hien D o i vdi chii thuyet "Tam quyen Trung nghi vien vd Thuong tdi phdn viec nghi vien" 10 cua Qua nhung ctoan t r i c h tren chiing ta thay rang lap", budc dau Phan B o i Chau nhan thiic d u g c m o i quan he giua lap phap va hanh phap Ha nghi vien la nai da co quyen phdn T r o n g qua t r i n h h i n h va phat trien t u t u d n g dan c h u t u san ciia Phan B o i Chau, dau an ciia Rousseau d u g c the hien kha rd net Phan B o i Chau da d y d i n h xay d u n g mot J.J Rousseau (1712 - 1778) la dai bieu nuoc V i e t N a m m o i theo m o h i n h quan chii lap hien Sir t o n tai cua m o t ong vua va he thong quan lai d day k h o n g he l a m mat t i n h chat dan chii t u san cua xa h o i M u o n hinh anh ciia nen dan chu dai nghi p h u o n g Tay qua cac nuac N h a t A n h D i i c Phap M y ong nhan thay so d i dan quyen dugc de cao b d i v i cac nude N g h i vien dan bau da quyet d i n h cac hoat dong mang t i n h lap phap: "Hinh khoa, tieu dimg phap deu Nghi khong lenh, vien dupe can thui quyet dinh chinh vdo" Phan B o i Chau cung nhan thiic dugc u phu chinh thiep m o i quan he g i u a lap phap va hanh phap: "Nhung dieu phu khdng ddn cho nhan the khong la trdi ddn cho la phai, lam; nhung chinh phu dieu khong chinh nhan duoc l o i lac ciia he t u t u d n g tien tien the k y X V I I I la n g u d i de x u d n g m o t he thong chinh t r i mot to chirc xa hoi mdi Montesquieu va Voltaire, Khac voi la n h u n g nguoi xuat than tir dang cap co dac quyen, chi m o n g m u o n sira d o i c h i n h t r i va han che quyen doc doan Rousseau chii t r u o n g xoa bo triet de nen quan c h i i , thiet lap che cong hoa dan c h i i , bao d a m chii quyen ciia n g u d i dan B a n ve v a n de nay, tac gia Tran V a n T r i viet: "Tu tudng ddn, tu tuong ve binh hpi, ca den ao tudng che quyen tich chu quyen ddng nhan tri va xd xd hpi tieu tu san han tu huu, hop cue" chinh cua mpt cuong linh T u t u d n g ciia Rousseau co anh 13 h u d n g rat l d n t r o n g t h d i k y each mang, nhat la d o i v d i phai Giacobanh T r o n g k h u o n kho lam- 12 ciia bai viet nay, chiing t o i khao sat anh N h u vay tir n a m 1904 ddn n a m 1 , k h i ban ve the che nha nude can ap dung sau k h i tan Phan B o i Chau da c h i u h u d n g ciia Rousseau d o i v d i Phan B o i Chau qua n h u n g net l d n sau day: anh Thu h u d n g t u t u d n g cua M o n t e s q u i e u k h i lua nhdt, Phan B o i Chau len an manh me che quan chii chuyen che, de cao dan 10 11 12 Nt Phan Boi Chau: Toan tap sdd t.3 tr.68 Nt 13 Tran Van T ? bt/t It u dng, eua trao la 71 a quyen m o n g m u o n thuc hien quyen binh cuoi the k i X I X , v u a la su h o i nhap n h u n g dang ve c h i n h t r i va xa h o i Nam Phan B o i Chau viet 1903, Cdu huyet y e u to m d i cua t h d i dai, ham chua binh cua nude H no co tac d u n g t r o n g viec tap hop, co v u t i n h le tdn thu danh dau b u o c chuydn bidn vd t u t u o n g cua ong Phan viet: sdn" n h u n g yeu to dan chu va nhan van V i vay, Luu la d quan lgi, nhan than dau tranh cua nhan dan ta nham thoat "Quyin ddn, tdi V a y t h i , vua k h o n g la g6c cua k h o i su c u o n g toa cua he t u t u d n g p h o n g kien nuoc va n g u o i dan da co q u y d n t h a m gia vao T r o n g Hdi ngoai huyet thu viet nam doi song c h i n h t r i N g u d i earn quydn phai 1906, Phan B o i Chau da t h i n g than chi ba dan dat va neu ho co l o i v d i dan t h i bi phd "te ngn" truat N h a m de N a m mat nude: "Mdt cao dan quydn, Phan B o i la rihung n g u y e n nhan khidn V i e t Chau da lay cac n u d e T a y p h u o n g l a m h i n h biet, mau de V i e t N a m hoc tap O n g vidt: ddn chi biit nude Thdi Tdy cho ngudi tren co ldi, ngudi tren chong ddn dan cd dugc ddn thi ddn quyen phep "Cdc hai la quan chdng ddn" bdt ldi, dang, dan chu k i e u t u san: "Nhdm the, trao ddi tri thuc, phuc tung cdng dugc chdng cdng ddn, quyen n h u t r u d c nua, k h o n g duoc y the hiep lap giao udc cong dap dan, le phai ro ret, k h o n g manh hen, cdng khong quy l u y , luon ciii ai; "tu khong khdng ddm thiet phdi che; trdt tu hien bdo tu vd binh ddng lat no la hien hoai bao xay d u n g m o t ddt nude b i n h due chuyen ba do, dgo vdi gi ddn, D d n g t h d i , ong thd 17 / a f ' N h u vay, ke cam quyen k h o n g the long hoa thiit chdng tu dung Id vua su ddn nen khdng tdn giup ghen nghTa ly, vu cdng ddn, xudng quyin nhau, thuong yeu khdng khinh ghet nhau, doan sua ddn, lgi nhau, nhau"' nhdt di" ddn, giu hop T r o n g tac p h a m Tdn Viet Nam (1907), 16 mot lan nua ong dd cap den khia canh tieu N h u n g t u t u d n g tren khac han v d i t u cue ma che quan c h i i da tao l i c h t u d n g vd m o t the che xa hoi theo m o t trat t u sir V i e t N a m O n g vidt: "Cai ngoi t h u , q u y e n luc tuyet doi thuoc che vd m o t ong vua T r o n g b o i canh xa hoi V i e t ngan nam N a m luc bay g i d , t u t u d n g vua la su tiep nude ta, den ndi mot ndi dong chay cua t u t u d n g canh tan vdi vgn ke dung nua tram Phan Boi Chau: Toan tap, sdd, t l , tr.95,98 Nt Nguyen V3n Hoa: Tu tudng triet hoc va chinh tri cua Phan Boi Chdu, Nxb Chi'nh trj qudc gia, Ha Npi, 2005 tr 130 cua bon nguoi hai tir ben ho ddn 19 Trung dp u dd hang Qudc sang ten ddc phu lam cd lam thit N d u n h u quan d i d m phe (quan) 15 18 19 lay vd 14 16 chuyen (vua) nhan ta" ddn noc doc Phan Bpi Chau: Toan tap, sdd, t tr 152 Nt, tr 268 Nt, tr 179 72 NGHIEN CUU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N ° (128J.2011 phan nha vua va trieu d i n h Luu huyet le tdn thu, Hai ngoai huyet Cdu thu co k h o n g , theo ong la dan q u y e n dupe t o n hay khong Ong cho rang, nude bay gid k h u y n h h u o n g t h u hep lai thuc te la the che k h o n g la nude ciia vua n h u quan niem cu nha nuoc trieu N g u y e n t h i e u nang luc doi nua, ma nude la ciia dan Dan la mpt h u u hieu v o i su x a m luoc cua Phap dac ba biet la nha vua va t r i e u d i n h hien ton da t r d " Khdng bu n h i n cua Phap t h i Tdn cdn, chu quyen Nam Viet Phan B o i Chau da the hien ro quan yeu to co ban co nhan thi nude cau mpt nude: ddn thi dat dai khdng khong cdn; nhan the lap; nhan the ddn ddn mdt thi nude cdn mdt" diem coi c h i n h sach chuyen che quan chu la Viec ong nhan m a n h vao v i t r i quan the che ap buc boc lot dan len an manh me bac nhat ciia nhan dan d o i v d i su ton tai ciia vua quan p h o n g kien O phan n o i ve c h u o n g mpt nude, c h u n g to day la m p t su p h i i dinh trinh kien tao m o t nude V i e t N a m m d i sau quan n i e m cu coi vua la goc cua nude, nhu k h i tan tac gia da nhan manh t d i quyen c h i n h v i lanh t u p h o n g trao Can V u o n g la lam chu ciia n g u d i dan k h o n g phan biet ton Phan D i n h Phiing da tirng phat bieu: giao dang phai c h i n h t r i , tat ca m o i n g u d i chd dua de dung dan deu la chii nhan cua dat nude Tac vua tdi, cha md thdi" viet: "Pham sang quyet nhan hen, giau doan ddn nude ngheo ca nen cua tu mo rpng ta, khdng cu ldn be deu cd rdn minh gia la quyen thong suot, bdo chi trdn dudng, tdn nuoc chi d noi ludn "Cai thudng Quan diem ciia 22 Phan B p i C h a u ciing da khac han v d i ngudi co t u t u d n g cai each tan sdm nhat d nude ta la N g u y e n T r u d n g T p , cho " Vua Id gdc cua nude, khdng dam, ludn ban du cdc viec npi tri ngoai giao Chau da d i xa h o n t r o n g nhan thiic so v d i cac Ngudi trudc thuat v i tien b o i va co the n o i ong da tiep can v d i Bao nhieu an tinh cua chu phu xe, cua ngudi t u t u d n g dan c h i i t u san ciia p h u o n g Tay linh ngua, cua bd me goa, coi, O n g ciing la m p t t r o n g n h u n g n g u d i dau tien thay deu dem tu kien cdo, viet vdn duoc thay dat rpng dudng cua dua tdi tai vua" 20 Nhung tu the gian" cd dao vua thi but luoi thu day ngd cd khong rang: Ro rang, Phan Bpi 22 de cap den y n i e m "ddn quyen" t u d n g tren duoc Phan t r i n h bay cu the va sau vao dau the k i X X : "Muon sac h o n Viet Xam cdn mdt quoc su khao (1909) nhu the nao thi phdi biet d nude ta nhan nhin xem ddn cai - lan dau tien ong ban nhieu va cu the ve dan quyen Theo Phan B o i Chau doc lap chii quyen la dieu quan t r o n g nhat doi v d i mot nude Doc lap chu q u y e n g i u v u n g dupe hay Phan Boi Chau: Toan tap sdd, t.3 tr.68 Phan Dinh Phiing: 777!/ gui Hoang Cao Khai // Hap tuyen tha van yeu nuac cudi the ky XIX Nxb Van hoc Ha Noi 1976 tr.278 Dang Huy Van Chuong Thau: Nhung de nghi cai each ciia Nguyen Truong To cuoi the ley XIX, Nxb Giao due, Ha N T'- ' : i 22 23 Nt, tr "0-1 80 A ; , A 1 iduer quyen , ! a eua nhan frutx 73 /uu ddn cdn mdt nhu the nao" Xa thi ngudi K h o n g d i m g lai d sir mat cua dan quyen, ddn dugc ton Ddn quyen md nude md dugc de cao thi md nude cung yen Ddn quyin hoan todn t u d n g dan c h u cua Phan B o i Chau - t u quan chu lap hien sang dan c h u cong hoa T h d i k y khinh "mpt mdt thi ten dpc phu vd vdi van ke dung lam cd, lam thit tram ho ddn ta" ciing cd ddn ciing nhu khong mdt Ddn mdt tuc la co ddn vay " nhan b i x o a bo, 27 ddn mdt md nude d d i danh dau budc phat t r i l n manh me ve t u nhan manh bi xem nhe, thi ddn bi coi Au lam thay" N h u vay, V i e t N a m Quang Phuc h o i Phan d i xa h o n k h i yeu cau de cao dan quyen: "Ddn quyen My, ngudi de chuyen sang t h d i k y q u y d n luc t d i cao thong nhat thuoc vd nhan dan Co thd n o i , T r u d c n h u n g y e u cau m o i cua l i c h Sudan toe dau the k y X X , viec Phan B o i Chau khang d i n h v a i tro, v i t r i cua nhan dan la m o t buoc tien quan t r o n g t r o n g nhan thuc cua den day m o t quan n i e m m d i ve quyen l u c cua nhan dan da d u g c h i n h - nhan dan la coi nguon cua q u y d n luc Thd chd cong hoa la h i n h thuc nha nude tidn bo, d a m bao tang l a p t r i thuc N h o hoc cap tien cho nude nha doc lap v u n g bdn va d i ddn cho Thu hai, Phan B o i Chau chu t r u o n g danh che quan chu, thiet lap nen cong hoa dan chu Truac n h u n g thay doi cua t i n h hinh n u a c va the g i a i , dau n a m 1912, Phan Boi Chau va cac cong sir cua ong quyet dinh thu tieu D u y T a n h o i , lap V i e t N a m Quang phuc h o i T o n c h i nhat cua H o i la: "Khu true giac Phap kien lap Viet Nam T r o n g Ldi tuyen phuc khdi phuc cong Viet hod ddn cdo ciia Viet Nam khang d i n h : "Khi dd danh khoi phuc khdng xda bd cai chinh nhirng sau mot lai noi theo dudng Phap chiem lai co qudc dugc Phap, vd nude dugc dudi quyin, md quan giac niu thi xciu xa di, thi se mdt thdi cii Bon giac ldn thu hai lai ndi got dd tdi di xdm Phdi xda bd chinh la mpt chinh thi quan chit, vi the rat xdu xa vay! " qudc" 25 Nen Quang cong hoa dan c h u la muc tieu h u d n g den k h i dan toe ta dang tidn hanh hoi khang d i n h : "Nay Nam, kien toan T o n c h i cua Quang phuc ban hoi xet sau xem trudc, cuoc ddu tranh giai p h o n g dan toe T u t u d n g da phan nao phan anh dugc tidn t r i n h phat Ag, : c ddi the nude Gdn thi bat chudc theo bay lau, Tau, oi Chau: Todn tap, sdd, t.3, tr.68, 329 loi Chau: Toan tap sdd, t.6 tr.216 trien cua dan toe v a cung la cdng hidn cua Phan B o i Chau v d i t u each la nha t u t u d n g ^ Phan Boi Chau: Toan tap, sdd, t.3, tr.68, 329 ~ Xem chu thich 19 - Phan Boi Chau: Todn tap, sdd, t.3, tr.68, 367 74 NGHIEN CUU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N ° (128).2011 c h i n h t r i V i e t N a m Quang phuc h o i ong p h u o n g D o n g M a c d u vay, t u t u d n g dan c h i i sang lap la m o t to chuc c h i n h t r i tien bo nhat t u san ciia cac nha D u y T a n , t r o n g co cua nuac ta luc bay g i a S u d d i ciia V i e t Phan B o i C h a u da tao m o t n g u o n sinh k h i Quang phuc h o i danh dau Phan B o i m d i cho t i n h than v a thuc tien each mang Chau tien t h e m m o t budc m d i ve t u t u d n g V i e t N a m dau the k y X X , day len m o t phong dan chii V a y tai co su chuyen bien quan trao yeu n u d e soi n o i the h i e n x u h u d n g doi t r o n g t u t u d n g ciia ong? Co nhieu m d i va h o i nhap ciia tien t r i n h l i c h sir dan nguyen nhan de giai t h i c h cho hien t u o n g toe, tieu b i e u la p h o n g trao D u y Tan, phong ciia o n g T r o n g Nien trao D o n g D u va k h i no t h a m nhap vao quan Nam bieu, cu cho biet da c h i u anh h u d n g rat l d n ciia Rousseau: chiing "Tdi Phong trao c h o n g thue T r u n g K y (1908) la tu sau den Nhat cuu nguyen chinh nhan each the uu liet Dong ly ludn cua Luthoa dang lam! " Ban, tung menh ngoai quoc dugc yeu n u d e t i e n bo dau the k y X X , sau Chien - TG) la tinh tranh the g i d i t h u N h a t , l i c h su can dai nude ta da ghi nhan tiep m o t the he "nhung t u t u d n g dan chii t u san ciia trao l u u t u t u d n g A n h sang Phap the k y X V I I I k h o n g phai t u Phan V a n T r u d n g la n h u n g n g u d i true tiep tiep t h u t u t u d n g dan c h i i t u san p h u o n g Tay v d i n h u n g dac d i e m khac qua su nhan X X , N g u y e n A i Quoc - H o C h i M i n h tiep tuc thiic chii quan ciia cac nha cai each T r u n g gan loc n h u n g t u t u d n g dan chii t u san tien Quoc H o n nua cac cu v o n la nha N h o , nen bo nhat, ket h o p v d i t u t u d n g doc lap dan toe k h i tiep thu va nhan v a n ciia V i e t N a m va the hien "mua "cdi Au gid My" m a da b i tu san Tay hoc " n h u N g u y e n A n N i n h , Cho den n h u n g n a m 30, 40 ciia the k y qua "Tdn thu", thang" thuc nhd tri "khue xa" goc dong nhan phu yeu nude tien bo dau the k y X X tiep t h u bao m o t dien h i n h T i e p theo the he cac si phu Tom lai, Phan B o i Chau ciing n h u cac sT "nguon t h i b i e n vd Tay, cang (Rousseau nghien lao k h o "Tdn van", mai" m a cac cu goi la cung vap phai nhieu han Cuong ITnh chinh tri ciia D a n g C o n g san che chii quan va khach quan, nen t u t u d n g V i e t N a m n a m 1930 va t r o n g Tuyen dan chii t u san d the he cac cu cung pha tap doc lap ciia n u d e V i e t N a m D a n chii Cong kha nhieu t i n h chat ciia x a h o i co truyen hoa n a m 1945./ Xem: Do Manh Hung: Viet Nam Quang phuc hdi Budc phat trien manh me ve tu tudng ddn chu cua Phan Bdi Chdu, Tap chi Khoa hoc va Giao due, Dai hoc Su pham Hue", so 4/2007, tr 104-111 Phan Boi Chau: Toan tap sdd t.6, tr.216 ngdn