Tim ra nhiing net hoa dong, mot Ho Chi Minh bao la, nhan ai da ket hdp that tai tinh nhiing tinh hoa trong "dai tir, dai bi, ciiu kho, ciiu nan" cua Diic Phat vdi "ciiu the, do dan, hy s
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DAC SAC VAN H^A PHAM CACH CAO QUY CUA LANH TU H$ CHl' MINH
T rong so cac vi
lanh tu each
mang tren the
gi6i, Ho Chi Minh la mot con
ngUdi dac biet Cuoc ddi
NgUdi cuoc ddi nha hoat
dong chinh tri chuyen
nghiep, nha van hoa kiet
xuat, ma net dac sac trong
van hoa ling xii vdi con
ngUdi vdi til nhien dat den
tam nghe thuat the hien
pham each eao quy cua
Ngitdi da khong chi hap dan
ban be, anh em dong chi ma
con hap dan ea nhiing ngifdi
d phia ben kia chien tuyen
Sinh ra trong mot gia
dinh CO truyen thong nho
hoc ndi manh dat nui Hong,
song Lam "dia Imh nhan
kiet" Ho Chi Minh da chiu
anh hiidng khong nho ciia t\i
tUdng, van hoa phildng
Dong Tifng difdc song d Hue
mot thdi gian Ho Chi Mmh
bat dau tiep xuc v6i nen van
hoa phifdng Tay qua sach vd,
ndi trifdng hoc va ca nhiing
• TS VAN THj THANH MAI *
tif tUdng mdi trong Tan Thif ciia Nhat Ban va Trung Hoa
Xu6c khong con dUdc doc lap, dan khong con dUdc tii
do va du am cua cac phong trao khang Phap, phong trao Dong Du, ciia xu hiidng cai each Buy Tan va sU be tac ciia khdi nghia nong dan Hoang Hoa Tham da thoi thiic Nguyen Tat Thanh - Ho Chi Minh rdi To quoc ra di tim diidng eiiu nifdc, tim tri thife mdi cho siJ nghiep giai phong dan toe
Hanh trinh tim diidng ciiu nu6c da difa NgUdi den vdi nhieu quoc gia d cac chau luc, tiep xiic voi nhieu giai tang trong xa hoi, khong phan biet mau da, quoc tich,
de quan sat va hoc hoi trong nhieu dieu kien khac nhau
nen ve phUdng dien giao lifu
va tiep bien van hoa Ho Chi Mmh da y thiic rat ro rang rang "nam chac ban Hnh cdi
md tiep thu" de lam giau cho ban than minh VUdt len
tren het thay, trai tim nhan hau luon rong md, bao dung vdi con ngifdi, vdi tii nhien cua Ngitdi da tiep thu c6 chon loc nhflng tinh hoa cua van hoa phUdng Dong va phiidng Tay, ciia ngay xiia
va ciia thUc tai Tim ra nhiing net hoa dong, mot Ho Chi Minh bao la, nhan ai da ket hdp that tai tinh nhiing tinh hoa trong "dai tir, dai bi, ciiu kho, ciiu nan" cua Diic Phat vdi "ciiu the, do dan, hy sinh cho tU do" cua Giesu, siJ
"tu diidng dao diic ca nhan" cua Khong Tu, ciing "phiTdng phap lam viec bien chiing" ciia chu nghia Mac, va nhiing tinh tuy trong chinh sach ciia Ton Dat Tien thiic sii "phii hdp vdi dieu kien Viet Nam" de xin lam hoc tro nho ciia cac vi do
Xhan loai c6 rat nhieu nha each mang vi dai, song ling xii van hoa mot each khoan dung, tuyet vdi nhU
Ho Chi Minh, dat den dinh
Ddn chu & Phdp ludt
' Sao (ang Ho Chi Mmh
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cao ciia pham each nhit Ho
Chi Minh thi that hiem Ai
da tifng mot Ian dUde gap gd
Ho Chi Minh deu thay tir
NgUdi bong dang mot nha
Nho xir Nghe, rat cong san
song ciing rat Oasinhtdn,
Lineon ciia chau My, "Lenin"
ciia chau Au, "Neru, Gangdi"
ciia chau A va ciing rat Ho
Chi Minh "tinh hoa, khi
phach ciia dan toe Viet
Nam" Khong ngae nhien khi
nha bao, nha thd Oxip
Mandenxtam sau mot Ian
tro chuyen cimg Nguyen Ai
Quoc - Ho Chi Mmh nam
1923 d Lien X6, da dU bao:
"Tif Nguyen Ai Quoc da toa
ra mot thii van hoa, khong
phai van hoa Au chau ma c6
le la mot nen van hoa tUdng
lai"i La nha hoat dong each
mang chuyen nghiep Ho
Chi Minh luon luon neu cao
nhan each ciia nha hoat
dong chinh tri Trong nhiing
nam boat dong each mang,
dau tranh cho doc lap tU do,
hanh phiic cua dan toe Viet
Nam vii nhan loai yeu
ehuong hoii binh tren the
gidi, Ho Chi Minh da tilng bi
bat giam d HiTdng Cang
(1931 - 19;'.3), d Quang Tay
(1942 - 1913) Veil mot Ho
Chi Minh "dii gay va hdi
xanh", "thong mmh va nhat quan" trong tiing cau tra Idi
da cam hoa diidc Luat sU Loddby va nhiing ngifdi cong
sU, da tranh thii difdc sU giiip dd cua rat nhieu ngifdi, trong do eo ca vd chong Thong doe Hifdng Cang de roi qua ba phien tham van, chin phien xet xU cong khai, Ngifdi da thoat khoi hiem nguy, trd ve vdi nhiing ngUdi dong chi ciia minh Va ciing chinh mot Ho Chi Mmh khong khi nao quen nhiing
an nhan da tifng ciiu giiip minh, sau nay khi da trd thanh Chii tich nifde Viet Nam dan chii cong hoa da mdi gia dinh luat sU sang tham Viet Nam Gia dinh Luat sU Loddby da trd thanh nhiing vi khaeh quy eiia Bac
Ho, ho da tifng hdn mot Ian den Phii Chii tich - tham ndi
0 va lam viec ciia Ho Chi Minh - ngUdi thanh men Tong Van Sd ma ho da ciiu giiip nam nao
Vdi mot Ho Chi Mmh kien eUdng each mang, noi dau ciia giam earn, tii toi khong nang bang noi buon cua mot ngUdi khong difde hoat dong Trong khoang thdi gian do, ciing rat Ho Chi Mmh - NgUdi da vUdt len
tren sii tii tiing ciia hoan canh da that kien nhan va binh tinh de kien dinh con dUdng minh da chon Ho Chi Minh - "Ngifdi ay la mot phan ciia lieh sii chau A" da het sifc nha nhan, lieh sii va quyen rti, da bien Tifdng Valuy ciia nifdc Phap thanh mot ngudi ban hiiu nghi ciia minh Lieh lam va khon kheo, quyet doan va tinh tao trong khi xac dinh "dong mmh" Ho Chi Minh da khien hai sy quan tinh bao
My - OSS la Sacld Phen va Asimet Patty cung Tifdng Senon mac du biet Ho Chi Minh la mot ngifdi cong san, van giiip dd thuoc men, vii khi: van khong khoi di tif ngae nhien den ngd ngang trUde mot Ho Chi Minh gian
di ma cao quy, da khong ehi
am hieu lieh sii ma eon rat yeu nhan dan My,
Di qua mot chang dUdng dai, day gian nan, Ho Chi Mmh da ve den Quang trUdng Ba Dinh - Ha Noi, doc Tuyen ngon doc lap ngay 2/9/1945, khai smh nifde Viet Nam dan chii cong hoa, Nha nifdc dan chu nhan dan dau tien d Dong Nam A, Thdi gian troi di, ngifdi Viet Nam van khong the nao
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Qlqhim eiiu • ^MLO^ del 86 5 (218)-2010
quen mot Ho Chi Minh rat
tii nhien, tram giong noi xii
Nghe: "Dong bao nghe toi noi
ro khong?" - Chi mot
khoanh khac do thoi, ranh
gidi va sii each biet giiia vi
lanh tu va nhan dan da
khong con niia Ho Chi Minh
nhif hoa minh cung bien
ngifdi dii le mit tinh Ho Chi
Minh - con ngUdi "da lam
thay doi lieh sii", khi trd
thanh nguyen thii quoc gia
van chi khiem nhifdng md
Ude "lam mot cai nha nhd
nho, ndi c6 non xanh, nifdc
biec de cau ca, trong hoa,
s6m chieu lam ban vdi cac cu
gia hai ciii, em tre chan trau,
khong dinh liu gi vdi vong
danh Idi"^
Trai qua cuoc khang chien
trifdng ky gian kho, nhiing
thang ngay tieu diet giac doi,
giac dot va giac ngoai xam,
phat dong toan dan xay diing
ddi song mdi, xoa bd nhiing
hii tuc lac hau, bao ton va
phat huy nhiing gia tri van
hoa truyen thong cuoc song
mdi da lam thay doi bo mat
dat nifdc Khang chien thanh
cong, Thii do Ha Noi dudc
giai phong, dong bao thii do
vui mifng don Chii tich Ho
Chi Mmh cimg Trung ifdng
Dang va Chinh phii trd ve
Ha Noi
Nhiing roi, khong d trong ngoi nha ciia Phii Toan quyen, Ngifdi chuyen xuong can phong ciia ngifdi thd dien, sau do chuyen sang d trong ngoi nha san ddn sd vdi vifdn hoa, ao ca Ndi Hd Chi Minh song va lam viec tif khi
ve tiep quan Thii do, cho den khi Ngifdi tii biet chiing ta ve the gidi ngifdi hien, gid la Di tich Chii tich Ho Chi Mmh tai Phii Chu tich 0 ndi day, truyen ky ve doi dep cao su huyen thoai, bo quan ao nau gian di, biia edm nhieu rau hdn thit ca ciia mot vi nguyen thii quoc gia con dUdc Iqu truyen mai 0 ndi day, ddi song vat chat cua Ngifdi ludn gian di, nhifng ddi song tinh than Ngifdi v6 cimg phong phii Tam hon Ngifdi thanh cao, long gio bdn phifdng Ho Chi Minh, ngoi nha san, gian hoa giay, con difdng xoai, ao ca nhif hoa dong giiia con ngUdi va thien nhien, gan bo vdi tii nhien
Do la ban linh van hoa Ho Chi Minh, do la net dac sac van hoa mang dam mot nhan each Idn - Ho Chi Minh
Van cot each phifdng Dong, van lieh thiep va te nhi ciia mot nhan each Idn,
khong can phong khanh tiet trang trong ngay difdi gian hoa giay Ho Chi Minh da tiep nhiing vi khaeh quy ciia minh Khaeh ciia Ngifdi la chinh khaeh, la nha bao, nha van, la cac deng chi lanh dad, la nhiing anh hung, diing sy, ba con nong dan, cac em nho, deu difdc Ngifdi ddn tiep chan tinh va cdi md, lieh lam va khoan dung Tat
ca moi ngifdi deu cam thay gan giii, than thiet la thifdng Difdng nhif vdi Ho Chi Minh, vdi mot eon ngifdi van hoa iing xif dat den tam nghe thuat thi khong chi ban be ma ngay ca nhiing ngifdi bat dong chinh kien, nhiing ngifdi d phe ddi lap ciing khong the thii ghet Ngifdi, bdi rang "Ho Chi Minh la mot con ngifdi suot ddi khong c6 ke thii rieng"
Ho Chi Minh la ngifdi ma nhiing ban be nhU Nha van Hangri Bacbuyt, Danh hoa Picatxo deu dong nhan xet: Ngifdi khiem nhifdng nhifng khong tii ti, tii nhien
ma khong dieu bo, "gap Ian dau ma ngd nhU da gap til lau" Den vdi vi lanh tu suot cage ddi can kiem liem chinh, ehi cong v6 tU, den v6i khung canh thien nhien
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Qlgklin eiUi - Qrui^ del 86 5 (218)-2010
trong lanh ciia Phii Chii tich,
tii cac dong chi lanh dao cao
cap den nhiing ngifdi dan lao
dong binh thifdng, tii chinh
khaeh den em nho mo coi
deu cam thay tii tin va a'm
long TrUde mot Ho Chi
Minh hien hau nhu mot nha
hien triet phudng Dong,
trong mot khung canh thien
nhien day hoa thdm va ca
loi phan tot trong moi eon
ngifdi dUdng nhu dUde nhan
len, cai ac se khong eon cho
de chung song niia Yeu
thUdng va quy trong tifng
eon ngUdi, yeu tiing ngon liia
moi nhanh hoa ndi Da't me,
Ho Chi Minh chi c6 mot ham
muo'n, ham mudn tot bac la
"nifdc ta dudc hoan toan doe
lap, dan ta difdc hoan toan
tii do", song NgUdi ciing tha'u
hieu sau sac rang: "Neu nUde
doc lap ma dan khong hUdng
hanh phiic, tU do thi doc lap
Cling chang eo nghia ly gi"3
Tir ngoi nha san ddn sd
Ho Chi Minh hang ngay
danh thdi gian doc sach, doc
bao, danh dau ky nhifng
gUdng ngifdi tot, viec tot de
kip thdi bieu difdng va
thifdng huy hieu Ciing tif
ndi day, Ngifdi nghe tin
chien sii mien Nam, quoc te,
doc thif va tra Idi tiing ngifdi
moi khi nhan dUdc Idi yeu cau hay cau hoi bang nhifng Idi le, ngon tif de hieu, de nhd ma lang sau long ngUdi
Den vdi Ho Chi Minh la den vdi mot cuoc ddi gian di, thanh eao, suot ddi "tan trung vdi nifde, tan hieu vdi dan" ma bao triim len het thay la chii nghia nhan van eao ca Vdi het thay nhiing gi NgUdi de lai, vdi nhiing ndi tifng m dau chan NgUdi va
ca nhiing ndi NgUdi ehua mot Ian tifng den, ciing van luon hien hien mot Ho Chi Minh thong nhat giiia Idi noi
va viec lam, luon man cam
ve chinh tri va dac sac trong van hoa Cuoc ddi Ho Chi Minh gan lien vdi cuoc dau tranh eiia nhan dan Viet Nam, eiia nhan loai vi muc tieu hoa binh, doc lap dan toe, dan chii va tien bo xa hoi 0 NgUdi khong c6 ciia rieng, chi c6 tinh thifdng yeu dong loai, gan bd vdi tii nhien va NgUdi thuoc ve nhan dan, de lai an tinh sau nang trong long nhan dan,
Ba Gioddphin Stensdn da tifng den Di tich Phii Chii tich, da tifng den tham ngoi nha san va noi "den mai nha san ciia NgUdi luc tim ciia
rieng thi, vi dai thay, NgUdi that chang c6 gi la rieng ea"
- Dae sac van hoa, nhan each eao quy ciia Ho Chi Mmh da trd thanh thu vi va ha'p dan het thay,
Di tich Ho Chi Minh tai Phii Chii tich, ndi day ap nhiing ky niem, nhiing cau chuyen ve cay da kien tri, ve chau gai dan quan ngifdi Quang Binh difdc Bac Ho tang hoa, ve cac anh hung diing sy mien Nam dUdc ehup anh cung NgUdi d dUdng xoai, ve chau nho dUde vuot ehdm rau Bac Ho Tat ca, tat ea da lam nen mot Ho Chi Minh - anh hung giai phong dan toe, nha van hoa kiet xuat va ngdi sang mot ta'm gifdng dao diic each mang Den vdi ndi day, moi ngUdi dan Viet Nam va ban be qudc te, tham chi ea nhiing ngifdi da tiing c6 mot thdi muo'n de bep y ehi ciiu nUdc giai phong dan toe ciia
Ho Chi Minh deu tha'u hieu sau sac rang: "NgUdi la tudng trUng cho tmh hoa dan toe Viet Nam, cho y chi kien eUdng bat khuat ciia nhan dan Viet Nam suot bdn nghin nam lieh sii"4
Chiing ta hoc dUde tii mot
Ho Chi Minh vi nhan gian di
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Trang 5Qflqhim eiiu - ^Nm del 86 5 (218)-2010
cho minh va ciing gian di cho
ddi Viec rieng ciia NgUdi
ciing la viec chung ciia dan
toe, Ngifdi can dan "sau khi
toi qua ddi, chd nen to chiic
Hnh dinh, lang phi ngay gid
va tien bac ciia nhan dan
Tro xifOng thi tim mot qua
doi ma chon Tren mo, nen
xay mot cai nha gian ddn,
rong rai, chac chan, mat me
de nhiing ngifdi den tham
vieng cd cho nghi ngdi"^
Cuoc ddi Ho Chi Minh la mot
thien than thoai va nhiing di
tich, khu lifu mem ve Ngifdi
d ca treng va ngoai nifdc
cang lam cho thien t h a n
thoai Ho Chi Minh them dac
sac 0 Ho Chi Mmh, phong
each gian di, diic khiem ton
ciia Ngifdi hoa quyen cung
nhau, va thiic sii "khong bao
gid chiing ta thay sU gian di
va sii VI dai di lien vdi nhau
nhu vay" neu do khong phai
la mot Ho Chi Minh vdi tifng
cii chi, Idi ndi, thai do, ngon
til, viec lam, hanh dong gan
bd vdi thien nhien, hoa dong
vdi tii nhien Cuoc ddi, sii
nghiep Ho Chi Minh, nhiing
ndi Ngifdi tifng den, diing lai
va hoat dong each mang da
trd thanh tai san tinh than
v6 gia ciia dan toe ta, de lai
cho muon ddi cac the he con
chau mai sau
Ho Chi Minh la dinh cao eiia cot each, tam hon, dao dife Viet Nam, mot bieu tUdng ciia ban sac dan toe Viet CI Hd Chi Minh, tinh than each mang cao ca, dao diie each mang trong sang,
tu tifdng sau sac ciia triet ly phifdng Dong da hoa quyen ciing nhau lam nen mot triet
ly nhan sinh Hoc tap tif tifdng ciia Ngifdi, hoc d tam gifdng dao diic cao dep cua NgUdi va hoe phep xii the cua Ngifdi vdi dong loai, vdi tii nhien, la phai- song vdi nhau cd tinh, c6 nghia, la phai CO "tinh dong chi thifdng yeu Ian nhau" Do chinh la 16'i song dep, dep vdi dong loai, dep vdi thien nhien, dep vdi qua khii va dep vdi tUdng lai,
Doi vdi mdi ngifdi dan Viet Nam, Chu tich Ho Chi Minh la bieu tifdng riic rd ciia van hoa dan toe Ngifdi
da gdp phan phat trien va ton vmh nhiing gia tri van hoa truyen thd'ng ciia dan toe bang cuoc song thanh cao, gian di, bang tam gifdng tan tuy hy smh vi nifdc vi dan, bang tri tue va phong each iing xif dac sac dat den tam nghe thuat eiia minh
Bang nhiing dong gdp ciia minh, khdng chi diing lai d viec k h a n g dinh, bao ton nhiing gia tri van hoa tot dep ciia truyen thong Ho Chi Minh con bo sung, lam phong phii them thang gia tri cho van hoa dan toe Viet Nam ngay mot phat trien qua nhiing sang tao van hoa
va pham each dao diic cao quy ciia minh Tif cuoc ddi, sii nghiep, ta'm gifdng dao diic each mang ciia NgUdi, mdi ngifdi deu cam nhan du:de: Ho Chi Minh la ngUdi
"mac dau trong the gidi ngay nay cd khac biet va xung dot, nhifng difde gap Bac Ho, chung ta sung sifdng difdc
t h a y long tot cua eon ngifdi tinh ban, long nhan
ai se vUdt qua t a t ca"6U
1 Ho Chi Minh: Toan tap, Sdd, tl, tr 478
2 Ho Chi Minh: Toan tap, Sdd, t4, tr 16L
3 Ho Chi Minh: Toan tap, Sdd, t4, tr 56
4 5 Ho Chi Minh: Toan tap, Sdd, t.l2, tr 516, 499
6 Trich Idi phat bieu cua Thu tiidng An Do Neru trong tiec chieu ddi Chii tich Ho Chi Minh ngay 7/2/1958 khi NgMi sang thdm An Do
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