Mac du viec ang dung CNTT trong day hpc van cdn nhieu van de phai tiep tuc nghien cDu nhang nhin Chung nd da gdp phan khdng nhd vao viec ddi mdi phadng phap day hpc PPDH va nang cap chat
Trang 1Cong nghe thong tin vdi viec
phat huy vai tro ban dpc sang tao cua hpc sinh trong trong day hpc Van
Trong nhDng nam qua, cdng nghe thdng tin
(CNTT) da cd nhDng tac dpng het sDc tp Idn
dd'i vdi cudc sdng con ngadi trong dd cd day va
hpc Mac du viec ang dung CNTT trong day hpc van
cdn nhieu van de phai tiep tuc nghien cDu nhang nhin
Chung nd da gdp phan khdng nhd vao viec ddi mdi
phadng phap day hpc (PPDH) va nang cap chat Iddng
cung nha hieu qua giao duo cua mdn van Trong pham
vi bai bao nay, chung tdi trinh bay mpt sd suy nghT ban
dau ve au the va kha nang Dng dung cua CNTT ddi vdi
viec phat huy vai trd ban doc sang tao ciia hoc sinh
(HS) trong day hoc tac pham van chUdng (TPVC)
-mdt trpng nhDng van de cd ban, cd't ldi cua ddi mdi
PPDH van hien nay
1 CNTT GOP PHAN NANG CAO TAM DON
NHAN CHO BAN DOC HOC SINH BANG VIEC
CUNG CAP CHO HO NHCTNG PHaONG TIEN HOC
TAP HIEN DAI '
HS la nhDng ban dpc nha tradng npn tre SP vdi nha
van va nhOng ngadi dpc Idn tudi, cac em cdn thie'u hut
nhieu ve vdn sdng, vdn van hda, van hpc va kinh nghiem
thudng thDc nghe thuat Chfnh kheang each ay da khie'n
HS gap rat nhieu khd khan trcng viec tie'p nhan van
ChDdng SD xa each giDa HS va nha van, HS va thdi dai
san sinh tac pham cang Idn, hieu qua cam thu tham mT
cang han che De khac phuc tinh trang nay ddng thdi
giDp HS trd thanh ban dpc sang tao cua nha van khi
cdn ngdi tren ghe nha tradng cung nha sau nay bade
vao cupc sdng, ngadi giao vien (G V) can quan tam de'n
viec nang cao tam ddn nhan cho HS, giup cac em biet
each tatim kiem tri thDc, khdng ngDng bd sung va trang
bi cho minh nhang kien thG'-c van hoa, van hoc can thie't
cho viec dpc van, hpc van
Mdt trong nhDng tien fch cua CNTT cd the giup G V
va HS thac hien dUdc nhDng dieu vDa ndi tren la Internet
Vdi Internet, HS cd the khai md kho thdng tin khong Id
va phong phu nhat trong lich sD nhan loai vdi hang tram
TS BUI MINH DlfC
<jj-l:^ -t •;/ , TrDdng DHSP Ha Npi 2
trieu websites lien quan de'n mpi ITnh vDc khac nhau cua ddi sdng Cd nha nghien cDu da khang djnh : xet ve
khdi IDdng, thdng tin tren Internetda vUdt qua xa so vdi
tong khdi ladng thong tin dado in tren sach bao cua loai ngadi tD khi phat minh ra chD vie't cho den nam 1990 Khdi IDdng dd lai dDdc tang len hang ngay, hang gi^ va
se cdn tang nhanh hdn nDa khi nhOng cdng nghe mdi
ra ddi cd kha nang lam gia tang sDc manh cua Internet Khdng phai nglu nhien ma ai dd da ndi rang chi can
mot may tinh nd'i mang, ta da cd ca the gidi tren mUdi diu ngdn tay Chaa he't, Internet cbn cd the cung cap
thdng tin, th thDc 6 nhieu loai hinh, dang thDc khac nhau
tD van ban (text), dd hpa (graphics), hinh anh tTnh (im-age), hinh anh dpng (animatipn), am thanh (spund) de'n cac phim tD lieu (film) hay videe (video) Kha nang nay cua Internet cho phep con ngadi tiep thu va ITnh hpi tri thDc mpt each hDng thu va hieu qua thdng qua viec nam bat thdng tin tD nhieu giac quan, nhieu "cdng" tie'p nhan khac nhau cua bp nao Neu xem van hpc la cudn bach khpatpan thave ddi sdng, tac pham van chUdng
la teng thanh tfch hdp nhieu tri thac khac nhau cua cudc ddi thi /ntemef chinh la phDdng tien dac dung nha't giup
HS ta nang minh len dap Dng nhDng ddi hdi cua viec tiep nhan van hpc ddi vdi mpt ban dpc cd van hda Xet rieng trong pham vi van hpc, ben canh nhDng theng tin van hpc dDdc lau giD va thDdng xuyen cap
nhat tren cac trang bao dien tD, tren Internetda cd nhDng
trang Web Idn teng hdp day du cac kien thDc van hpc tD tac gia, tac pham den cac y kien phe binh, tranh luan Chang han, chi can vao mdt sd trang Web nha :
www.vietnamwebsite.net/ebook/vanhocvietnam; www.vnthuquan.net, www.thovn.vn; la HS da cd the
tim kiem nhDng thdng tin van hpc minh can va sD dung chung vac viec hpc tap HS cung cd the dung cac cdng
cu tim kiem nhD Google de tim cac ta lieu (ca van ban
va hinh anh) ve cac tac gia, tac pham van hpc mpt each d l dang, thuan tien VD : hpc Truyen Kieu, HS
Trang 2mudn md rpng kien thDc, tim hieu sau hdn ve than the,
sD nghiep van hpc cua thi hap dan tdc Nguydn Du va
nhDng thdng tin xoay quanh "kiet tac van hpc" cua dan
tpc, HS chi can vap www.google.com rdi nhap ten tac
gia (heac tae pham) Internet se cung cap ngay nhDng
tD lieu (ca Van ban va hinh anh) va che phep HS "dewn
Ipad" tDy thee nhu cau HS cung cd the vap cac trang
Web ve van hpc nghe thuat: www.thuhoavietnam.com;
www.phim24g.net de xem tranh anh, cac bp phim
chuyen the tD cac tac pham van hpc de cung cd sa
cam thu cua minh Cung vdi Internet, sach dien
tif{e-book) cung hd trd dac lac cho HS trong viec nang cao
tiem lac van hda mdt each thuan ldi Ch? can mdt dTa
CD-ROM cd gia chda den 1 USD, HS cd the dpc hang
chuc tham chf hang tram tac pham van hpc ma khdng
can phai den tha vien va mat cdng tra cDu Dd la nhDng
tien fch ma CNTT da, dang va se tiep tuc dem lai che
mdi HS NgDdi giap vien van hpc can nam bat dDdc
dieu dc de giup HS ta lam giau vd'n tri thDc che minh,
trd thanh mdt ban dpc sang tao cua nha van
2 CNTT TAO DIEU KIEN XAY DLfNG MOI
TRUdNG HOC TAP T U O N G TAC, DAN CHU, GIUP
BAN DOC HOC SINH TU BOC LO KET QUA TIER
NHAN CUA MJNH
ChD trpng vap ngDdi hpc, cpi ngadi hpc la ban dpc
sang tap cua nha van theo tinh than ddi mdi phUdng
phap, nha giao due khdng the khdng chD y de'n viec
xay dDng mpt mdi tradng hpc tap tddng tac, dan chu
Bdi chi cd trpng mdi tradng nha the, HS mdi cd cd hpi
dado del thpai, tranh luan, trinh bay nhDng cam nhan,
suy nghT, tinh cam, thai dp cua minh ve tac pham Mpt
gid hpc dapc tc chDc thee ldi ap dat, thdng tin kie'n thDc
mdt chieu thDdng khdng cd chd chp nhDng ca tfnh rieng,
trai nghiem rieng va phat bieu heng mang dam mau
sac ca nhan Trong khi dd, quy luat tiep nhan van hpc
da cho biet qua trinh tiep nhan chi dat dUdc hieu lac tdt
nha't khi nd dUdc chu quan hda mdt each sau sac d
tDng ca the ngudi dpctren cd sd tdn tai khach quan cua
tac pham GS Phan Trpng Luan cho rang : "Khdng cd
sD ndi mach giDa ca tfnh nha van va tDng ca tfnh ban
dpc thi khdng bap gid cd dDdc hieu qua van chddng
mong mudn" ^ Tac ddng cua TPVC phai la tac ddng
den tDng ban dpc HS thdng qua rung ddng, cam xuc
cua tDng em Cung chfnh vl dac diem nay ma GS Tran
Dinh SD khang dinh: "Dpc van la hpat ddng ca tfnh hda
cua HS, khdng nen lay sD phan tfch cua thay ma thay
the hoan toan sD cam thu ca the hda cua HS" ^ NhD
vay, viec tao dDng mdt bau khdng khf tiep nhan ta do,
dan chu trong day hpc TPVC la he't sDc can thie't de
mdi ban dpc HS cd the bdc Id ke't qua tie'p nhan cua ca
nhan minh
Ddi vdi yeu cau neu tren, CNTT cung da va dang
cho thay nhDng kha nang hd trp va kien tao Idn lao eua
nd Chung ta deu biet, tren hau het cac trang Web hien nay, ngoai cac chuyen muc npi dung, sa kien , cdn cd
phan diin dan (forum) trao ddi, ddi thoai danh cho cac
"ca dan mang" Dd la ndi de mpi ngadi cd the chia se cac quan diem, bpc Id cac each nhin va daa ra nhDng kien giai cua ca nhan ve mpi van de cua cupc sdng NhDng didn dan nhD the gid'ng nha mpt cupc del thpai Idn, mpt cudc ddi thpai het sDc dan chu, ai cung dDdc phat bieu suy nghTcua minh va tuy theo gdc nhin rieng
ma ddng tinh hay phan ddi SD kien HS Nguyin Phi Thanh (Ha Npi) vdi "bai van la" hay tradng hdp em Ha Minh Ngpc vdi bai lam van "gay xdn xap cadan mang"
da tao nen nhDng diin dan Idn tren Internet Rat nhieu
y kien ve van de dpc van, hpc van cua HS da dUdc daa
ra Trong ddi sdng hpc dadng, chaa thay bao gid cd mpt cupc ddi thpai rpng md, thoai mai va thanh that
den the Cung vdi cac diin dan, tren Internetc6r\ xuat hien mpt hinh thDc bpc Id mdi, dd la cac blogs Day la mdt dang nhat ky tren mang, ghi lai nhOng an tDdng,
thai dp, suy nghTcua cac "chu nhan" ve mpi van de cua
cudc sdng Blog dadc xem la khong gian rieng ta - ndi
ma chu nhan cua nd dado bdc Id minh mpt each ta do,
thoai mai Mdt sd blogston tai 6 dang ddc thpai tac la
chi cd tieng ndi ca nhan "gia chu" nhang cung cd nhDng
blogsma nhieu ngadi khac (thadng la ngadi than, ban
be ) dapc dpc va tham gia vap cau chuyen DD hien dien d dang thDc nao, nhOng trang nhat ky tren mang kieu nay cung se la phadng tien hDu fch cd the van dung vao day hpc van thee hadng khdi day cen ngadi
ca nhan, ca the va phat huy vai trd ban dpc cua HS trong cam thu van chadng Chang han: GV cdthe khuyen khfch HS ghi nhat ky cam thu cho rieng minh, ghi lai nhDng bai hpc sau sac ma minh tham thfa sau mdi bai hpc, ghi quan diem, thai dp danh gia ve cac nhan vat,
sa kien trong tac pham, tham chf ghi nhat ky cho nhan vat (nhap vai nhan vat de ghi nhat ky)
Neu blog la met hinh thDc bpc Id mdi thi e-mail, chat
lai la nhDng phDdng tien truyen thdng cua nhDng ngadi
sD dung Internet Day khong chi la nhDng hinh thDc trao ddi thdng tin, tai lieu het sDc tien ldi ma cdn la cac cdng
cu tao lap mdi trDdng tadng tac trong day hpc Bang nhDng hinh thDc nay, HS cd the trDc tie'p trao ddi nhDng say nghT, tinh cam, thai dp cua minh vdi cac nha van, nha nghien cDu, phe binh van hpc, vdi cac thay cc giap
va ban be ve cac van-de van hpc va hpc van trcng nha tradng C) mdt sd nadc phadng Tay, HS da sD dung cac hinh thDc nay de ddi thoai vdi nha van Cd em da gDi thD dien tD cho tac gia de ndi len nhDng quan diem
va kie'n giai cua minh ve tac pham 6 trong nDdc, nhat
la tai cac thanh phd Idn, nhieu HS cung da sD dung nhDng tien fch nay cua Internet de trao doi vdi cac thay,
cd giae day van ve cac ndi dung va phadng phap dpc van, hpc van NhDng tfn hieu nay dang bao hieu mpt
Trang 3xu hadng mdi trpng day hpc TPVC 6 nadc ta ma chac
rang trpng xu hadng dd, nhd viec Dng dung CNTT, HS
dang dan phat huy dUdc ta each cua mpt ban dpc nang
ddng, sang tap
3 CNTT GOP PHAN REN LUYEN VA PHAT HUY
NANG LUC TU DOC, TU HOC CHO HOC SINH
-N H O -N G PHAM CHAT CA-N THIET CUA MOT BA-N
DOC SANG TAO
Mpt trpng nhDng van de quan trpng ma cai each
giao due va ddi mdi ChDdng trinh, SGK phd thdng dat
ra lan nay la bdi dDdng, ren luyen cho HS phadng
phap ta hpc (soft learning) Cach day hdn 30 nam,
nha kinh te hpc ngadi Phap G.AnderIa da tfnh tean :
ke tD thap nien 60 cua the ky XX cD sau khoang 6 - 7
nam, tri thDc cua nhan loai lai tang len gap ddi Neu
nha trade day tdng sd lUdng kien thDc ve khoa hpc
cua nhan loai la mpt ddn vi vao nam thD nha't trade
Cdng nguyen thi ddn vi ay dddc nhan len gap ddi vao
nam 1500 Phai den hdn hai the ky rUdi sau tDc la vao
nam 1750 sd IDdng tri thDc ay mdi nhan len gap hai
The nhang cap sd nhan ddi ay da dan dan rDt ngan lai
: 1900 -1950 -1960 -1966 -1973 CDng chieu hDdng
ay, sd lieu cua cac nadc phat trien cho biet: tD 1995,
trung binh tdi thieu mpt ngay cd it nha't la 4000 dau
sach khoa hpc khdng chi dado phat hanh ma cdn dUdc
bd sung vao tha muc d cac tha vien cua cac dai hpc
va trung tam nghien cau " NhDng cen sd nay cho
tha'y sD gia tang chdng mat cua tri thDc nhan loai, sD
phat trien vu bao vdi tdc dp nhanh chDa tang cd cua
cudc each mang khpa hpc ceng nghe trong lich sD loai
ngadi va ca nguy cd tut lai phfa sau cua nhieu qudc gia
tren the gidi Vdi thDc tiin nay, chDng ta cang cd cd sd
de khang djnh : khdng mdt nha trDdng nap cd the
trang bi du nhDng tri thDc vae ddi che mpt HS Sd tiet
hpc dD cc tang len bao nhieu cung khdng the dudi kip
td'c dp phat then cua tri thDc hien dai Trcng khi dd,
mdi HS lai khdng the thieu thdng tin, khdng the khdng
hap thu nhDng kien thDc mdi cua nhan loai de van
dung trong cupc sd'ng, cdng viec va hpc tap Mau thuln
nay cang ngay cang dUdc dat ra mdt each gay gat va
nd chi cd the dUdc giai quyet bang mpt chien lUdc con
ngUdi mdi, chie'n Iddc giao due mdi cua mdi qudc gia
ma giai phap hang dau la phai tich cue hda hoat dong
nhan thdc, phat then tUduy sang tao ciia HS Tradng
hpc phai lam the nae de HS trd thanh nhDng ngadi
biet each hoc (how to learn) va tU hoc (self learning)
hdn la hoc cai gl (what to learn), biet each tim kiem tri
thDc va xD ly thdng tin mdt each thdng minh, sang tao
chD khdng thu dpng chd ngDdi khac mang thdng tin
den cho minh
Xet rieng trong day hpc van, muc tieu cua ddi mdi
lan nay khdng chi hadng tdi viec hinh thanh d HS nhDng
pham chat dae dDc, thj hieu tham mTlanh manh qua
eac bai hpc TPVC cu the ma cdn hadng tdi viec bdi dadng cho cac em nhDng nang IDc tiep nhan cua mpt ban dpc de cac em cd the tD dpc, tD hpc trpng cupc sdng sau nay Ndi each khac, muc dfch cua day hpc van hien dai la giup HS biet each dpc van de ra ddi cac em biet ta dpc, tD tiep nhan cac gia tri van hpc, bie't the nghiem cac ta tadng, tinh cam, cam xuc dadc truyen dat bang nghe thuat ngon tD vao ddi sdng hang ngay de qua dd ma Idn len
DDng trDdc nhDng yeu cau dd cua day hpc va day hpc TPVC, ngadi GV nen tan dung CNTT nha mdt trong nhDng phDdng tien hDu hieu de cd the ren luyen cho HS phDdng phap tD dpc, tD hpc Theo GS Linda
D Hammond (University of Standford): "Mdt may tfnh
ca nhan chang lam dDdc gi nhieu Nhang khi ndi mang
nd cd the ket ndi vdi hang trieu may khac va chie'c may tfnh ca nhan ddn dpc nay trd thanh mpt bp phan cua mang tri tue trung tam, ne cd sDc manh tuyet vdi" Chi can vdi mdt chie'c may tinh dDdc ndi mang, ngadi hpc da cd the tim den cac ngudn tri thDc d khap mpi ndi tren the gidi ngay tai ngdi nha, phdng hpc cua minh Cdng viec hpc tap, thi cD khdng nha't thiet phai diin ra
d tradng hpc tham chf cung khdng can den sa trd giDp cua GV vi ndi dung bai hpc da dDdc chddng trinh hda, dadc thiet ke thanh cac "lieu" kien thDc, cac modal va ngadi hpc chi viee nd lac heat dpng hpc tap de chiem ITnh tDng "lieu" theo hDdng d i n cua chUdng trinh va may se ta ddng bap ke't qua Ddi vdi day hpc van, CNTT la mdt phadng tien rat tdt de phat huy nang iDc
tD dpc van, hpc van cua hpc trd Nd khdng chi cho phep HS khai thac tri thDc van hpc tD Internet mdt each chu dpng, dpc lap ma edn giup cac em trd thanh ban dpc cua nha van qua mang Chi can mpt vai ky nang tra cau, truy cap, HS da cd the tD dpc tpan van nhDng tac pham van hpc dDdc trfch giang trong nha tradng hoac nhDng tac pham dd sd ma khdng can phai den tha vien hay hieu sach Khdng dang lai d dd, viec ta hpc van cdn cd the dadc tien hanh qua cac bai giang dien tD, giao trinh dien tD, cac Websites van hpc
ma GV thiet ke va chuyen len mang Mdi bai hpc dien
tD, mdi Website la mpt td hdp nhDng thdng tin ve bai hpc (tac gia, van ban van hpc, cac chD thfch), nhDng kien thDc lien quan (cac kien thDc ly luan, cac bai nghien cDu, phan tfch, binh giang tac pham), nhDng cdng cu
hd trd (tD dien Tieng Viet, tD dien thuat ngD, tD dien dien tfch, dien cd), nhDng cau hdi hadng d i n hpc tap, dap an va phan ta kiem tra, ta danh gia Trang Web cung cd cac dadng ket ndi (link) tdi cac Websites khac
ve van hpc tren mang de HS tien truy cap va cd diin dan (forum) de HS ddde trinh bay suy nghT, trao ddi y kien cua minh vdi thay, cd giao va ban be NhDng Websites nay se den vdi HS thdng qua Internet va nhiem vu cua cac em la truy cap vao eac trang Web
DAY VA HOC NGAY NAY SO 9-2010
Trang 4dd, ta dpc, ta hpc va ta danh gia d nha theo cac thdng
tin, hadng d i n da ddde cai dat s i n Ket qua cua viec
ta dpc ta hpc cua cac ca nhan se dUdc trao ddi, thao
luan tren Idp So vdi viec soan bai thdng thadng hay
dpc them bat bupc theo thdi quen trade day, hinh thDc
ta dpc, ta hpc, ta chuan bj bai thdng qua cac bai hpc
dien tu, cae Websites dat dapc hieu qua tdt hdn nhieu
Bdi vl mdi trang Web nha the la met the gidi het sac
sdng dpng, nd cd mau sac, hinh anh, am thanh, cd sa
tadng tae vdi cac trang thdng tin khac ma chi can bam
vao mdt lien ket la mdt the gidi khac lai md ra HDng
thu tD nhDng bai hpc nhD the se dem den cho HS
niem vui va sa say me treng hpc tap ddng thdi kich
thich tfnh ta giac, sang tac cua cac em trcng qua trinh
chiem ITnh tri thac
Tdm lai, CNTT da va dang che thay nhDng kha nang
Idn lap cua nd ddi vdi viec gdp phan ddi mdi PPDH ndi
chung va day hpc TPVC ndi rieng thee hadng phat huy
tfnh tfch cac, sang tao cua ngadi hpc Lau nay, chung ta
thadng ndi phUdng phap quyet djnh phadng tien,
phUdng phap nae phadng tien ay Nhang eung can
phai nhin nhan van de d chieu ngUdc lai, tDc la phDdng
tien ddi hdi phai cd phDdng phap tDdng Dng, tham chf
trong mpt sd trDdng hdp phDdng tien quyet dinh
phDdng phap CNTT la mdt phDdng tien hien dai va
viec Dng dung nd trong day hpc van la rat can thiet
Tuy nhien, Dng dung the nae, vao dau va hieu qua del
mdi cd tfnh dac thu cua men van ra sao lai la mpt van
de khdng the khdng can nhle va nghien cDu Nhin
chung, chi nen Dng dung CNTT vao nhDng bai hpc,
nhDng ndi dung ma cac tfnh nang cua cdng nghe hd
trd hieu qua cho viec day hpc van, giup HS dpc van,
hpe van mpt each hDng thu, tD giac, sang tao va cd
dDdc chat iDdng cam thu td't hdn so vdi viec sD dung
cac thiet bj day hpc truyen thdng Ngadi thay giao day
van can cc nhDng tfnh tcan ky IDdng de viec Dng dung
CNTT treng day hpc TPVC khdng bien ngDdi hpc
thanh cac khan, thfnh gia thu ddng, khdng danh mat
ve dep cua hinh tDdng van hpc, khdng lam hdng sD
cam thu tham my va lam ngheo trf tadng tDdng cua HS
1 Phan nay cd tham khao bai viet cua PGS.TS Dd
Ngpc Thdng trpng cudn "Tim hieu chDdng trinh va SGK
NgD van THPT", NXB Giac due Ha Ndi, 2006, tr.199
2 Phan Trpng Luan, TrDdng DTnh (2001), PhUdng
phapdayhoc van, tap 1, NXB Giap due, Ha Ndi, tr.248
3 Tran Dinh SD (2007), "Chinh danh mdn van trpng
nha trDdng phd thdng", Van nghe, (46), tr.3
4 Nhieu tac gia, Khoa hgc giao due di tim dien
mao mdi, NXB Tre, Tp Hd Chf Minh, 2006, tr 44
phap cho giac vien de cd the giup tre khac phuc nhDng khd khan ve mat xuc cam treng hpc tap nha sau: Tha nhat, giao vien can tdn trpng tre Ldngta trpng la dieu vd cung quan trpng cho sDc khde tinh than Dieu nay dat nen mdng che nhDng gl giap vien Dng xD vdi hpc sinh vanhOng khd khan tam thdi cung nha lau dai cua chung d tradng
Del vdi nhDng hpc sinh gap khd khan ve mat xuc cam cd hanh vi phan Dng tD ben trong, giao vien can phai thau hieu va khoan dung vdi nhDng khd khan
ma hpc sinh dang phai trai qua Mdt nguyen t i c vang
la ddn roi hay trach phat se khdng mang lai hieu qua trong thdi gian dai Nd chi lam cho van de tdi te them Hdn the, hay tim each giam thieu le lang cua hpc sinh,
va khen thadng cho sa cd gang tich cac cua chung Giap vien cd the lam dDdc viec nay bang each tao bau khdng khf mdi tradng Idp hpc hDng thu, lac quan, tfch cDc va phu hdp vdi tDng ddi tDdng hpc sinh Ngpai
ra, giap vien cung can phdi hdp vdi phu huynh hpc sinh, va khi can thiet hay yeu cau giup dd tD phfa nhDng ddng nghiep cd kinh nghiem de giup dd hpc sinh vDdt qua nhDng khd khan va tien bp hPn trpng hpc tap Tuy nhien, khi van de trd nen nghiem trpng hay dai dang, giap vien cd the nhd cac chuyen gia tam ly hay t i m than de giup dd
Ddi vdi tre cd khd khan ve mat xuc cam vdi nhDng phan Dng ben ngeai, nguyen nhan xuatphattD
sD hda nhap, giao vien can tim hieu yeu td xa hpi va quan he ca nhan cua hpc sinh, dieu nay chac chan cd lien quan trdc tiep den nhOng khd khan nay Hay cd gang tim hieu nhDng ye'u td lien quan nhD: gia dinh, tradng hpc, nhdm ban, cpng ddng dia phadng tD dd
cd cac giai phap cu the va phu hdp ddi vdi hpc sinh Ben canh dd, giae vien cd the giao due kTnang sdng
de phat then tinh cam cho tat ca hpc sinh thdng qua bai hpc hang ngay
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1 Le My Dung (2010) Nghien cDu khd khan tam
ly trong heat dpng hpc tap cua hpc sinh Tieu hpc De tai cap Bp
2 Dao Thj Oanh (2008).Thac trang bieu hien cua met sd xuc cam va ky nang dUdng dau vdi xuc cam tieu cDc d thieu nien hien nay De tai cap Bd
3 Wicks-Nelsen.R & Israel.A (2003) Emotion-Behaviour disorders of childhood, 5*^ ed Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall
4 David Donald, Sandy Lazarus, Peliwe Lolwana(2006) Educational Psychology in Social Context, 3'^ ed, Oxford University Press