Luật cơ chế giải quyết tranh chấp của WTO và bài học VN

Cơ chế giải quyết tranh chấp của WTO và bài học VN

TRU'ONG DAI HOC NGOAI THIJONG KHOA KINH TE VA KINH DOANH QUOC TE CHUYEN NGANH KINH TE DOI NGOAI KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP cgiitedtak CO CHE GIAI QUYET TRANH CHAP OA WTO: THUG TIEN VA Bill HOC KINH NGHIEM CHO VIllET NAM J-1 l( "4- r Ho va ten sinh vien : Pham Thi QuSlih Trang Lop : Anh Khoa : 46 Giao vien hurOng din : GS.TS Nguyen Thi Mu Ha NOi, thing 05 nim 2011 LO'I CAM ON Qua khOa 11.4n nay, em xin dirge chan cam on c6 gido GS TS Nguyen Thi Ma, gido vien huang clan TA' tan tinh giup c16 em tong bit& hoan khOa luan Em ding xin chan cam an cac thay co gido truemg 41 hoc Ngoai Thucmg, nhang ngu61 da cung cap cho em nhang kien thirc nen tang quy bau b6n nam hoc vim qua D6ng th6i, em cling xin gfri 161 cam on cac can b6 Thu vien Ngan Hang the giai, Thu vien Qu6c gia, thu vien truemg dai hoc Ngoai Thucmg va da.c biet la cac can b6 lam viec tai Cue quan ly canh tranh B6 Cong Thuang da gifip em qua trinh thu thap tai lieu cho khoa Do khuon kh6 then gian nghien ciru luan van cc') han cling nhu trinh d6 ngtrei viet han the, khoa luan chac chan se khong the tranh khoi nhung khiem khuyet Em rat mong cac thay co va cac ban thong cam va gop y de bai luan van du6c hoan thien hon Em xin chan cam on! '6 Ha Ni, thang nam 2011 MUC LUC DANH MIX VIET TAT DANH MUC CAC BANG DANH MIX CAC HiNH VA SO DO Len MO DAU CHVONG 1: TONG QUAN VE CO CHE GIAI QUYET TRANH CHAP THIYONG MAI CUA TO CHeC THIfONG MAI THE GIOI 1.1 Sir hinh tranh va Oat trien cua co the giii quyet tranh chip cua WTO 1.1.1 Co the giai quyet tranh chap cua GATT 1.1.2 Nhiing bit cap co the giai quyet tranh chip cua GATT 1.2.134c diem ve co' the giai quyet tranh chip dm WTO 10 1.2.1 Dac diem ve co so phap ly 10 1.2.2 Nguyen tac giai quy& tranh chip cua WTO 12 1.2.3 Dac diem ve to chirc dm co quan giai guy& tranh chip pham vi cua 15 WTO 1.2.4 Dac diem v'e thu tuc va quy trinh giai guy& tranh chip 17 1.2.5 Nhang dac diem khac co the giai quyet tranh chip cua WTO 21 1.3.Nhiing diem tien bo co' the giai quyet tranh chip dm WTO so voi 24 GATT 1.3.1 Co the giai guy& tranh chip cua WTO da )(Oa bo nguyen tac &Ong thuin 25 thuin dm GATT de thay vao la nguyen tac dOng thuin nghich 1.3.2 Cac phan quyet dm Ban I-10i thim hoac Co quan phfic thim CO tinh rang 25 buOsc cao hon ve phap ly 1.3.3 Co the giai quyet tranh chip dm WTO quy dinh cu the va rO rang hon ve 26 thed han giai quyet tranh chip so vai co the giai guy& tranh chip cua GATT 1.3.4 Co the giai quye't tranh chip cua WTO co tinh thOng nhit hon so voi co the 28 giai quyet tranh chip cua GATT 1.3.5 Co the giai guy& cua WTO dua quy dinh Inch ve danh gia gifta ky va giai 29 down phlic thim CHVONG 2: THU'C TIEN GIAI QUYET TRANH CHAP CUA WTO 31 2.1 Tinh hinh giai quyet tranh chip cua WTO tir 1995 den 31 2.1.1 SO lieu ve cac vu viec tranh chip duac WTO giai quy6t 31 2.1.2 S6 lieu th6ng ke ve su tham gia cua cac vien vao co the tranh chdp 36 WTO 2.1.3 S6 lieu th6ng ke ve tranh chdp theo mat hang va tranh chdp lien quan den cac 41 hiep dinh cua WTO 2.2 MOt so tranh chip dien hinh va bai hoc kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam 44 2.2.1 Tranh chdp giira Hoa KST, Canada va Argentina d6i voi EU ye san phAm nong 44 nghiep bien d6i gen (DS 291, DS 292, DS 293) 2.2.2 Trung Qu6c kien Hoa KST ye viec danh thue ch6ng ban pha gia va thue d6i 48 khang len mot s6 mat hang cUa ntrac nhap khdu vao Hoa Ky (DS379) 2.2.3 Tranh chdp lien quan den phucmg phap zeroing oh Hoa Ky 52 2.2.4 Vu kien dau tien Viet Nam khai xtrOng lien quan den vu kien ch6ng ban 56 pha gia cua Hoa KS/ d6i vOi torn clang lanh dm Viet Nam CHUONG 3: GIAI PHAP DE VIET NAM VAN DUNG THANH CONG CO 68 CHE GIAI QUYET TRANH CHAP CUA WTO 3.1 Du bao ye xu hoO ► g gia tang tranh chip thirong mai claw to WTO 68 va kha nfing tham gia cua Viet Nam 3.1.1 Du bao xu twang gia tang tranh chdp thucmg mai WTO thoi gian 68 tai 74 3.1.2 Du bao kha nang tham gia cua Viet Nam cac vu kien tai WTO 3.2 Giai phap de Viet Nam chili Ong tham gia vao co the giai guy& tranh chip 83 cua WTO 83 3.2.1 Nhom giai phap gifip Viet Nam han the nguy co bi kien 3.2.2 Nhorn giai phap de Viet Nam tham gia mot each chir &Ong vao viec giai 87 quy& tranh chip tai WTO 3.2.3 NhOm cac giai phap khac 92 KET LUAN 95 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO - PHU LUC ii 96 DANH MUC VIET TAT I DANH MUC VIET TAT TIENG ANH AD Anti Dumping Agreement Hiep dinh cheng ban pha gia AoA Agreement on Agriculture Hiep dinh Ming nghiep ATC The Agreement on Textiles and Clothing , Hiep dinh ve Det may CWP Circular Welded Carbon Quality Steel Pipe Ong O dan thep cacbon DOC Department of Commerce 138 Thuong mai Hoa KS/ DSB Dispute Settlement Body Co quan giai guy& tranh chp DSU Dispute Settlement Understanding Thea thu4n ve cac Quy tac va Th8 tuc dieu chink vies giai quyet tranh chap EC European Commission Uy ban Chau Au EU European Union Lien minh Chau Au GATS General Agreement on Trade Services Hiep dinh thuong mai dich vu GATT 1947 General Agreement on Trade and Tariff 1947 Hiep dinh chung ve Thue quan va Thuong mai ICJ International Court of Justice Tea an C8ng lf quec t6 IMF International Monetary Fund Quy tien to qu'L ta ITO International Trade Organization To chirc Thuong mai LSA Lousiana Shrimp Association Hiep 118i torn bang Lousiana LWR Light-Walled Rectangular Pipe and Tube ,„t nhai l Ong clan chu ocinhe LWS Laminated Woven Sacks Bao tai det nhieu lop OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development To chirc Hop tac va Mat trien Kinh t6 OTR Certain New Pneumatic Off - the - Road Tyres , Lop hoi POR Period Of Review Giai doan rd soat iii qu'L t6 S&D Special and Different Treatment D6i xis dac biet va khac Net SCM Subsidises and Countervailing Measures Hiep dinh ve cac bien phap try cap va d8i khang SOCBs State - Owned Banks Ngan hang nha nuot SOEs State - Owned Enterprises Doanh nghiep nha ntrelc SPS Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement Hiep dinh the bien phap ve sinh va kiem dich SSA South Shrimp Association Hiep h8i torn phia Nam TRIMS Agreement on Trade Related Investment Measures Hiep dinh ve cac bien phap dau to lien quan den thirang mai TRIPS Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures TRs Trade remedies Hiep dinh ve cac Khia canh ciia , Quyen so hiru tri tue lien quan den thuang mai Cac hiep dinh ve Ch6ng ban pha gia, chong try cap va ti r ve UN United Nation Lien hiep qu8c USD United States Dollar DOng la my VSC The Vietnam Shrimp Committee Uy Ban torn Viet Nam WB World Bank Ngan hang The gioi WTO World Trade Organization T6 chirc Thucmg mai The giai II DANH MUC VIET TAT TIEING VIET BHT Ban h8i tham OPT Dang phat tri6n PT Phat trien iv DANH WC CAC BANG Bang 1.1: Quy trinh giai quydt tranh chap dm WTO 20 Bang 1.2 Lich trinh cac vu kin th6ng thuamg 27 Bang 2.1: Tinh hinh giai quydt tranh chAp theo timg giai doan lam vidc 34 Bang 2.2: TS/ ld % s6 tranh chAp &ye ke't Juan la vi pham quy dinh WTO 35 Bang 2.3: S6 IT tranh chap giai quydt theo ca chd cila WTO theo nhom nuac 37 Bang 2.4: S6 tranh chAp phan theo nguyen don va bi don 40 Bang 2.5: T6ng quan vu vidc DS 379 49 Bang 2.6: Kdt qua thud ch6ng ban pha gia torn cu6i ding 58 Bang 2.7 S6 luting doanh nghidp Vidt Nam duo c chon mau vu didu tra 64 Bang 3.1: Kim ngach, t6c d6 tang/giam kim ngach xuat/nhap khAu dm Vidt Nam 78 sang Chau Au va chau My nam 2010 Bang 3.2: Su &mg g6p vao mire tang kim ngach xuat khau dm cac nhOm hang chil luc nam 2010 so vai nam 2009 79 Bang 3.3: Quy trinh chinh sach chung 85 v DANH MUC CAC HINH VA SO DO So dO 1.1: Thai han cua quy trinh lam viec Ban HOi tharn 18 Sc 2.1: So vu tranh chp giai quy& theo co the cua WTO qua cac nam 32 So 2.2: Xuat khAu the giai tir nam 1995 — 2009 33 So 2.3: Cac vien thuang xuyen sir dung giai guy& tranh chip cila WTO 38 (tir nam 1995 den 03/03/2011) So 2.4: S6 tranh chap trung binh mot nam duo c giai guy& theo co the cua WTO (giai doan 1995 — 2000 va 2001 — 2008) 39 Hinh 2.1 S6 vu viec tranh chap phan loci theo san phAm 42 Hinh 2.2: S6 vu viec tranh chap dua tren vi pham cac Hiep dinh cua WTO tir 1995 den Q4 1/2011 43 So 3.1: Gia tri xuAt klAu cim Viet Nam giai doan 1995 - 2010 77 vi L61 MO DAU Tinh cap thitt cua dl t tai Nam 1995, T8 chirc Thuang mai The giai (WTO) doi, tra mot din clan dam phan de cac quo'c gia tren moi chau luc ky ket cac hiep dinh thuong mai viii 3'7 nghia la "luat char gifra cac nuac vien nhAm muc dich to Me thucmg mai vii thiic day su phat trien thucmg mai qu6c ta La mot phAn khong the thieu to chirc nay, co the giai quy& tranh chap thuang mai ciia WTO da gap phan dam bao cac "luat char dm WTO dtrgc thuc hien nham bao ve quyen vii nghia vu cua cac vien WTO Thuc to cid cho thay ring, co the dang hoat Ong cang co hieu qua viec giai quy& tranh chap khu8n khe) cua WTO vii dugc nhieu vien sir dung nghien ciru tim hieu giai quy& tranh chap Do do, viec nam yang ca the la dieu het suc can thiet Ngdy 11 thang nam 2007, Viet Nam chinh thirc tra thanh vien cua WTO, danh dau mot buck lien lam qua trinh 1-18i nhap kinh to qu6c to cua minh Ngay thang nam 2010, Viet Nam chinh thirc khai kien Hoa KST WTO ve viec Hoa KS' tier) tuc ap thue cht'mg ban pha gia torn nhap khau to Viet Nam vao Hoa Ky Day la tranh chap dAti tien Viet Nam kheri kien ice ttr gia nhap WTO vii no cho thay nhirng no tut mai cila Viet Nam viec tan dung nhiing lgi ich co dugc tir viec gia nhap WTO a bao ve quyen lgi cua minh Su kien du that bai hay cong cling van se la mot buerc kheri clan can thiet vii ma throng cho nhang vu kien tiep theo de Viet Nam co the lien xa hon viec bao ve lgi ich thuang mai cua minh tnrac cac vien phat trien nhu Hoa KST, Lien minh Chau Au (EU) Vi vay, de co the giai quy& hieu qua tranh chap vii nhimig tranh chap sap tai, viec trang bi nhUng hieu biet ca ban ding nhu viec theo sat vii phan tich thuc trang giai quy& tranh chap dm WTO, nghien ciru nhang vu kien dien hinh cua cac nu& vien de rut nhung kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam qua trinh giai quy& tranh chap qua la het sire can thiet Vai nhung 13'7 neu teen, toi da chon de tai "Cu the giii quy4t tranh chip cua WTO: thtrc tali vi Lai hoc kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam" lam de tai khoa luan t6t nghiep dai hoc Muc dich va nhiem vu nghien cult • Muc dich nghien cum Tren co so nghien dm co the giai guy& tranh chip cua WTO va thuc tin giai quy& tranh chap dia cac nuac vien WTO thi gian qua, de tai rift nhimg bai hoc kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam viec van dung co the de bao ve quyen loi dm minh có tranh chap lien quan den thuc thi cam ket WTO • Nhiem vu nghien cum De dg &roc muc dich neu teen de tai co nhiem vu: - Tim hieu ve ca the giai giai quyet tranh chap dm to chucThuang mai The giai (WTO) - Tim hieu thuc tin giai quyet tranh chap thucmg mai cua WTO: dua cai nhin tong quat ve tinh hinh giai quyet tranh chap va phan tich mot so vu tranh chap thuang mai Oita cac qu6c gia vien WTO de lam han tinh hinh va dua mot so nhan xet - Danh gia hieu qua hog dOng dm co the nay: tim nhung uu diem, nhung tin bO cua co the giai quyet tranh chap WTO so vai tien than cua no la co the giai quyet tranh chap GATT 1947 va cac ca the giai quyet tranh chap khac; nhimg diem han che, nht-mg van de dang phut sinh dm co the giai quyet - Tim hieu kinh nghiem dm mot so nuac vien WTO da tham gia nhieu qua trinh giai guy& tranh chap thuang mai va tir dua nhi7mg bai hoc kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam de có the giai quyet cac tranh chap thuang mai mot cach hieu qua nhat cac Hiep dinh thuOc khuon khO WTO Khi bi kien co the giai guy& tranh chap cua WTO, Viet Nam can yeu cau ben kheri kien dua bang chirng va lap luan cao buOc de tir dO xem xet thuc to minh có vi pham hay khong va tim nhung bang chirng phan bac cac cao buOc Trong do, Viet Nam can dac Net luu }'T den gia tri phap ly va dO tin cay cua nhang bang chirng Viet Nam se dua Cac bang chimg phai dam bao tinh khach quan va dua tren co se( khoa hoc, phap 13"T rO rang Thuc t6 cho thay rang cac so lieu thOng ke, thong tin ve host dOng cua doanh nghiep xuat khau Viet Nam thu6ng thieu tinh minh bach, khong thOng nhat vai thong tin ciia Hiep hOi nganh ding nhu BO nganh lien quan Dieu CO the khien cho bang chirng Viet Nam dim khong duoc coi la bang chirng thuyet phuc Do dO, tang cuemg su phi hop gift ba chu the doanh nghiep, hiep hOi va chinh phi' het sire quan Cac ben can phai lien lac thu6ng xuyen, hop tac chic se thong tin, kinh nghiem vai nhau, ding tim nhcing giai phap han the nguy co bi kien Khi có tranh chap xay ra, doanh nghiep, hiep hOi nganh va co quan chinh phi can th6ng nhat vai ve thong tin, bang chirng va muc dich Ben canh do, cac bang chirng khai kien can phai dua tren co sa khoa hoc duoc the giai cong nhan, cac quy dinh cac Hiep dinh lien quan Thu ba, 'feu blear milt Viet Nam this-a có dal ngu lust su c u kha nang tham gia tranh tung tai WTO thi Viet Nam nen thue lust su nu& ngoai Ro rang mot vu kien thi vai trO dm lust su la het sire quan MOt lust su giOi se biet each img xir mau le, co lap luan viing chac, co kha nang van dung linh hog bang chirng, ly le de chi:mg minh cho quan diem cua minh NhO do, kha nang thong kien se cao hon Hien tai, Viet Nam van thieu ngu'on luc de tham gia qua trinh tranh chap tai WTO do, de dao tao va thiet lap mot dOi ngu lust six du nang luc can có thOi gian Chinh vi vay, thOi gian nay, tham gia vao tranh chap tai WTO thi Viet Nam can phai sir dung lug su ntrac ngodi Lug su nuac ngodi ma Viet Nam thue de tham gia tranh tung phai la nhiing lust su c6 kinh nghiem cong viec giai guy& tranh chap tai WTO, khong nhang am hieu lug chai WTO, lug thuong mai quOc 90 to ma phai am hieu ve dSc diem lust phap tai Viet Nam, co kinh nghiem lien ket hoac lam viec Wei Viet Nam de tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho viec hop tac gift luSt six, chuyen gia Viet Nam vai luSt six Thurc tin cho thay rang cac luSt six ciia Hoa Ky va EU thugng la nhang luSt sir gi6i va c6 nhieu kinh nghiem giai quy& tranh chip tai WTO bori day la qu6c gia co s6 luSt su gi6i lan, dugc nhieu vien WTO thue de tham gia tranh chap tai WTO nhieu nam qua Do dO, Viet Nam can can nhac den viec thue luSt SAX tir hai qu6c gia tham gia tranh chap tai WTO Viec thue lust sir nu& ngodi cling se tao co h6i de cac luSt sir va chuyen gia Viet Nam hoc hoi va thu dugc nhieu kinh nghiem thiet thuc ve giai quy& tranh chap khugn kh6 WTO Thu- tic, Vi0 Nam can chuan bi tai chinh cho nhieng ke hoach ciao too clOi ngri lust ste nu& cling nhu cho qua trinh khoi kien mot tranh chap WTO Van de tai chinh cc') the dugc coi la mot nhang kilo khan lan nhat cila Viet Nam not rieng va cac nu& dang phat trien nOi Chung guy& dinh khgi kien mot tranh chap WTO Tnrac tien, tham gia vao vu kien, cac nuerc phai tra chi phi to phap ma cilSi vai nu& dang phat trien thi la mot khoan chi phi khong nho Ben canh do, qua trinh giai guy& tranh chap gan lien vai viec xem xet cac van de mang tinh ky thuSt cao va nhang van de phap ly phfic tap Viet Nam chua dil trinh d6 phap lY can thiet de to minh xir ly cac tnxemg hop tranh chap Chinh vi \Tay, nhieu tranh chap Viet Nam se phai thue luSt six va cac chuyen gia tir nu& khac vai mot chi phi la kha lan Ngodi ra, Viet Nam van se phai ganh chiu nhting ton that ve lgi ich kinh to va thuong mai su6t qua trinh tranh chap dang dugc giai quyet Them chi, truemg hop Viet Nam la nguyen don thang kien thi ding khong nhSn dugc bat ky khoan b6i thuemg nao cho nhang thiet hai phai ganh chiu su6t thi gian bi don thgc hien phan quyet Do do, khai kien mot vi pham ciia vien khac len WTO, Viet Nam can phai trac lugng dugc khoan chi phi can thiet ma minh se phai 1)6 khai kien len WTO, so sanh lgi ich thu dugc tir viec khai kien vai nhang chi phi b6 de di den guy& dinh co lgi nhat cho Viet Nam 91 Thu• nam, Viet Nam can chuein bi tat ve mat tam 6"), quyet tarn theo dual vu kien cljn cling Tranh chap WTO thuarng keo dai va mang tinh chit phirc tap Chinh vi vay, Viet Nam tham gia giai quyet tranh chap tai WTO, du vai to each la nguyen don hay bi don thi cling phai cal met tam ly virng yang, khong neng vei va kien tri &au tranh va nhan nhugng met each hop ly de bao ve lgi ich hop phap cua minh Khi khikien hanh Ong vi pham dm met vien, Viet Nam can phai theo duei den ding, lieu ket luan ciia Ban hei tham chua thea clang thi tiep tuc khang cao len Co quan phiic tham bari thuc to cho thay rang da so tranh chap WTO deu sir dung den Co quan phitc tham va phan lon cac phan quyet ciia Co quan philc tham la dao ngugc ket luan dm Ban hei tham Ngugc lai, bi nuac vien khei kien WTO, Viet Nam can phai birth tinh xem xet cao buec de Neu Viet Nam khong vi pham thi can phai chuan bi san sang chuyen gia bien ho, viec bao cao chimg minh su khong vi pham giri len co quan tranh chap Neu nhan thay minh co vi pham thi Viet Nam can mem mong, kheo leo tham van truac vai nu& khieu kien Viet Nam cling can tinh toan va can nhac lgi ich cua ma bien phap vi pham de mang lai voi nhang bat lgi ma minh se phai chiu sau thi hanh phan guy& cua DSB de lua chon viec tix be holac tier , tuc tri bien phap 3.2.3 Nhom cac giai phi') khic 3.2.3.1 Viet Nam can hoc hoi va van dung kinh nghiem cfia cac nu& i vien di trteac viec giai quy et tranh chap tai WTO Viet Nam gia nhap vao WTO sau to chirc lap dirgc nam va hi0 da la vien cim WTO dugc hon nam Trong nhang nam nay, nhieu vien cua WTO bao gem ca nuac phat trien va nuac dang phat trien da tham gia vao co the giai quyet tranh chap ve nhieu van de khac nhau, lien quan den cac linh \rue thuang mai khac Nhang tranh chap de da dem lai rat nhieu bai hoc guy bau giiip Viet Nam hieu hon nhung thu tuc, quy trinh, each lap luan, dim chimg cir qua trinh giai guy& tranh chap Chang han nhu tranh chap giita Hoa 1( , Canada, Argentina vai EU ve van de san pham bien d6i gen, Viet 92 Nam nhan dugc tam quan cna cac bang chirng khoa hoc, quan tam han ve viec xem xet lai cac bien phap bao hO thuang mai ma minh dang sir dung a tranh viec vi pham quy dinh cua WTO Hay tranh chap v&' van a "zeroing" gicra Hoa KST va mot so nuac vien cua WTO, k6t luan cua DSB v'e viec vi pham cna Hoa KST cach tinh bien Os ban pha gia hang xuat khau la co sor lap luan yang chac giiip Viet Nam tin hanh kien Hoa KST -rye van a Trong so cac tranh chip tai WTO, Viet Nam can quan tam nghien ciru va phan tich nhang vu kien lien quan den Trung QuOc Trung Qu6c va Viet Nam co nhi'eu diem tuong d6ng v'e the ch'e quan ly kinh te Ca hai nuac au gia nhap WTO vdi tu cach la n'en kinh to phi thi truang, cac mat hang xuat kh'au cua hai nuac deu dua tren lgi th'e gia re Ngodi ra, Viet Nam von khong phai la nuac tham gia nhi'eu qua tinh giai quyOt tranh chap, kinh nghiem qua trinh tranh chap han die Do do, a tang cuang kinh nghiem cac vu kien, co bat cir tranh chap nao c6 lien quan an quy'en lgi cua minh, v'e van a gan gui va thiest thuc thi Viet Nam nen tich curc dang ky tham gia yeti tu cach la ben thir ba Khi tham gia nhu vay, Viet Nam se co ca hOi lang nghe nhang lap luan, VT re cua cac ben, hoc tap kinh nghiem giai quy& tranh chap Ben canh do, cor quan 1)0 nganh lien quan can phai lap mot nh6m chuyen nghien ciru cac tranh chap ciia WTO, bori thong qua cac tranh chap nay, Viet Nam có the rut nhi'eu bai hoc quy bau cho minh Khi tham gia vao nhang tranh chap lien quan an van de tuang to cac tranh chap tnrac do, cac lap luan cua hai ben ding nhu cac phan guy& ciia Ban hOi tham, Ca quan phiic tham co the tra nhang minh chimg co tinh thuy6t phuc qua trinh tranh chap 3.2.3.2 e Vi0 Nam can tich cusc tim cach han chi nhieng bat loi quy chi v' rdn kinh ti phi thi truerng gay Nhu da phan tich d tren, van de n'en kinh to phi thi tnrang luon khi'L cho Viet Nam bat lgi cac cuOc di'eu tra ve ch'Ong ban pha gia va trg cap Cac nuorc vien lgi dung su khong rei rang quy dinh cua WTO ve van a de ap 93 dung nhang bien phap bao ho vi pham quy tac to thircmg mai va gay thiet hai , cho nha xuat khau Viet Nam Khi bi vi pham thi Viet Nam nen khed xuang kien nhung thuc to chi phi va cong sire de theo dui cac vu kien la rat lan D6 la ly tai Viet Nam nen tim each han chez nguyen nhan cln den tranh chap lien quan den van de Trugc het, yang dam phan Do dang dien la mot co hOi de Viet Nam ding vai Trung Qu6c dua van de WTO de thao luan, lam rO nhang quy dinh chua cu the lien quan den nen kinh to phi thi trugng Viet Nam can phai ding vai Trung Qu6c tich cuc tham gia yang dam phan DO de de nghi cac nuac vien quy dinh mot each cu the va cong bang han ve van de nen kinh to thi twang cac cuc dieu tra ban pha gia va trg cap Ngodi ra, co the they rang nen kinh to phi thi tnrerng cila Viet Nam khong phai la vinh vien ma se ket thlic vao nam 2019, them chi c6 the sam han neu nuac nhap khau tuyen b6 )(Oa bo dia vi cho Viet Nam Nhu vay, tir bay gig nha nuac to can khan tnrang thuc hien cac chinh sach nham thfic day nhanh han qua trinh chuyen d6i nen kinh to cling nhu tich cuc van dOng cac nuac d6i tac sam xoa 1)6 dia vi nen kinh to phi thi trugng cho Viet Nam Teen thuc te, mot so nuac da cong viec yeu cau nuac nhap khau ngimg ap dung the di) phi thi tnrgng cho minh, chang han nhu gan day Hoa Ky da cong nhan nen kinh to thi tnrgng cho Nga, Kazakhstan va Ukraine Ngay ca Trung Qu6c hi'en ding dang thfic ep cac d6i tac thuang mai, dac biet la cac nuac thuc khu Arkrc chau A — Thai Binh Duang, trao cho minh dia vi nen kinh to thi trugng Cho den nay, Trung Qu6c da dat dugc th6a thuan vai khoang 90 nuac va vimg lanh th6 Vao thang 11 nam 2004, Hiep hOi cac qu6c gia Dong Nam A da trao quy the cho Trung Qu6c Gan day nhat, cac nuac Chau My Latinh nhu Brazil, Argentina, Chile va Peru ding da cong nhan dia vi nen kinh to thi trugng cho Trung Qu6c 94 KET LUAN Tren co so ke thira, d6i mai va phat trien tir he th6ng giai quy& tranh chap GATT 1947, co ch6 giai quy& tranh chap cfra WTO da -Era mot nhiing canh tay dac luc giirp to chUc thuong mai th6 giai WTO hoan muc tieu to hoa thuong mai cfra minh Co the mang lai su binh clang cho tat ca cac qu6c gia vien tham gia doi lai nhung quye'n loi ma h6 bi vi pham va dac bi&, no dua nhung quy tac d6i xir dac bit va khac bit danh rieng cho nhung nuoc dang va kern phat trie'n nham muc tieu 118 tro va mang lai cho cac ntrac mot vi the ngang bang vai cac nuac phat tri'& tham gia tranh chap Thuc to hoat Ong veng 15 nam qua da chirng minh su hoat Ong hie:u qua dm co the giai quy& tranh chap cfra WTO, khuy6n khich va tang ni&n tin cfra cac nu& vien d6i vai co ch6 Sau cu'Oc khung hoeing kinh to th6 giai nam 2008, su suy thoai kinh to khie'n cac nuac gia tang hang rao bao ho thuong mai, vi pham cac cam ke't khuon kh6 WTO va gay n'en th* hai clang ke cho n'en thuong mai the giai Chinh vi vay, mac dir cac tranh chap tir 1995 den 2010 CO xu huang giam nhung to nam 2011 ter di, kha nang s6 luang tranh chdp khuon kh6 WTO se lai tang len mot cach dang ke La vien cila WTO duac nam, tham gia voi to cach la mot nen kinh to phi thi trueng va c6 kim ngach xuat khau lien tuc tang, Vi& Nam co the se la d6i tuang bi ap khong it cac rao can thuong mai bai cac nuac vien Do dO, vie'c Viet Nam tang cueing tham gia vao co the giai quy& tranh chap WTO de tim kim lgi ich cua minh la mot dieu kha chac chan Tuy nhien, de co the tham gia co the giai quye't tranh chap cua WTO thi Vi& Nam can phai tich cuc Iron nua viec hoc h6i va tich luy kinh nghi&ri tir cac nuac vien di truac, tir cac tranh chip da din khuon kh6 WTO Ben canh dO, nam yang luat WTO cling nhu nhung cam k& cua Vi& Nam gia nhap la dieu h& sire quan tong Cu6i ding, Vi& Nam can phai nhan ro duac nhung han the cfra minh nhu thiL ngu6n luc va tai chinh de tham gia vao tranh chap, su lien k& gift doanh nghiep, Hiep h8i nganh va co quan nha nuac long leo, s6 lieu va thong tin hoat Ong xudt khdu chua minh bach de r6i tim cach de clan dan loai 1)6 chfing, giirp cho Viet Namlu8n ehu &Ong tham gia vao co the cua WTO 95 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO I Tai lieu tham khao titng Viet Ban quail 1ST kinh to va xga doi gidm ngheo thugc WB (2007), Cac Bien phap phong ve thuang mai qua c to va nhang nen kinh to phi thi tru-ang• bai hoc tie vu kien thong tra cap dau tien cUa M9 dai voi Trung Quac, World Bank Du an 1-18 tra thuang mai da bien (Multrap II) (2006), Mil dcip ve WTO, fly ban qugc gia v'e hop tac kinh to qugc t6 Du an hg trg thucmg mai da bien (Multrap II) (2007), Vi tri, vai tro va co che hoot Bang cfla to chik Thuong mai the giai he thong thuang mai da phu-ang, NXB Lao &Ong — Xa hgi, Ha Ngi Du an fig trg thucmg mai da bien (Multrap II) (2005), Tie dien chinh sach thuang mai quac te, Ha Nal Du an h8 trq thuong mai da bien (Multrap II); (sg 5/2008), Danh gia tac clang tang the Viet Nam tra tranh tranh vien cua WTO den thay dai xuat nhap khau va the che, Bg Cong Thuong phi hop voi UST ban Chau Au Hgi dgng Tu van v'e Cac bien phap Ph6ng ve Thuong mai, Ban tin Cac vu kien Thuong mai Quac te, (s6 22/2010), Phong thuang mai va cong nghiep Viet Nam (VCCI) Hgi dgng Tu van ve Cac bien phap Phong ve Thuong mai, sa lieu cap nhat cac vu kien CBPG lien quan tai hang hoa Viet Nam tinh den thong 12/2010, Phong thuang mai va cong nghiep Viet Nam (VCC/) GS.TS NguyL TN Ma, Nhan clang cac loci hinh tranh chap thuang mai, Tap chi Kinh to d6i ngoai, (16/2006), trang TS NguyL Vinh Thanh (2006), Cac mak Bang phat trien vol ca che giai quyet tranh chap czia To chirc thuang mai the giol (WTO), NXB Lao dgng - Xa hgi 10 PGS.TS Hoang Ngoc Thi6t (2004), Giai quyet tranh chap OM cac ntrac vien T a cluk Thuong mai the giol (WTO), NXB Chinh tri qugc gia, Ha Ngi 11 TS Nguy'L TN Thu Trang (2010), Cam nang khang kien thong ban pha gia va thong tra cap tai Hoa K9, Ph6ng thuang mai va cong nghiep Viet Nam 96 12 TS Nguyen TN Thu Trang (8/2009); Kien thong ban pha gia — Nguy ca va Bien phap a d' i pho, Hoi d6ng to van ve ch6ng ban pha gia — chOng try cap — to ve, Ban Phap che 13 T'O chirc Tinian mai Th6 giari (WTO), Hiep dinh chang ban pha gia (AD) 14 rO chirc Thuang mai The gieri (WTO), Hiep Binh chung ve Thwang mai va Thu J quan (GATT 1994) 15 P:'• chirc Thuang mai The gieri (WTO), Hiep dinh Marrakesh lap WTO ; 16 LTy ban qutic gia ve hop tac kink to qu6c to (2005), So tay v e he thong giai quyjt tranh chap cua WTO, NXB Chinh tri qu'Oc gia, Ha NOi II Tai lieu tham khao titng Anh 17 Appellate Body Report, United States - Definitive Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duties on Certain Products from China (WT/DS379/AB/R), World Trade Law Dispute Settlement Commentary (DSC) 18 Charles E Hanrahan (8/2010), Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute, Congressional Research Service 19 Chad P Bown and Rachel Mcculloch (2010), Developing Countries, Dispute Settlement, and the Advisory Centre on WTO Law, Policy Research Working Paper Series 5168, World Bank 20 Chad P Bown & Thomas J Prusa (6/2010), U.S Antidumping Much Ado about Zeroing, The World Bank Development Research Group, Trade and Integration Team 21 Daniel H Erskine (2003), Resolving trade disputes: The mechanisms of GATT/WTO dispute resolution, The Berkeley Electronic Press III Tai lieu tham khao tir Internet: 22 http://www.caicachhanhchinh.gov.vn/Uploads/News/ 2555/vi.bai% 204 doc 23 http://www.chongbanphagia.vn/trang/binhluan 24 http://www.customs.gov.vn/Lists/HoTroTrucTuyen/ThongKeHaiQuan.aspx 25 http://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2011/02/0 /2011-1946 /antidumpingproceedings-calculation-of-the-weighted-average-dumping -margin-and -assessment -rate-in 26 http://www.hcmulaw.edu.vn/hcmulaw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article 97 &id=341:qcnktptt&catid=119:ctc20076&Itemid=110 27 http://www.hcmulaw.edu.vn/hcmulaw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article &id=341:qcnktptt&catid=119:ctc20076&Itemid=110 28 http://www.ia.ita.doc.gov/frn/2005/0502frn/E5-372.txt, 29 http://www.taichinhthegioi.net/thong-tin/chi-tiet/2951/Lan-song-bao-ho-thuong-maise-len-dinh-cao-vao-nam-2010/ 30 http://www.thongtinphapluatdansu.wordpress.com/2009/08/07/3502/ 31 http://www.tinkinhte.com/mtw/viewsubject/bai-noi-bat-tinkinhtecom/bao-ho-thuongmai-leo-thang-dam-phan-thuong-mai-toan-cau-bi-keo-lui/25.s_2.5.html 32 http://www.voxeu.org/index.php?q=node/4635#fn 33 http://www.web.worldbank.org/WEBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/ORGANIZ ATION/EXTPREMNET/0,contentMDK:22357994—pagePK:64159605—piPK:64157667-4 heSitePK:489961,00.html 34 http://www.worldtradelaw.net/dsc/database/basicfigures.asp 35 http://www.worldtradelaw.net/dsc/database/complaintcount.asp 36 http://www.wto.nciec.gov.vn/ListsNng%20DOHA/Backup/DispForm.aspx?ID=96 37 http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres10_e/pr598_e.htm 38 http://vvww.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu e/cases e/ds379 e.htm 39 http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu e/dispu by_country e.htm 40 http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/dispu_subjects_index e.htm#selectedsu bject 41 http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/dispu_subjects_index_e.htm?id=Gl#sele cted_subj ect 42 http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/find_dispu cases_e.htm#results 98 fa, -,E > 5, (.6 ,,,, 0., = -4 C Ct - , [ C) 4c3 -0 ' 90 ke tir cóbao cao, ben vi pham se bao cao van, de thuc thi cua minh Neu tiep tuc vi pham l thi cac vien ho ac Hoi &mg cóthe Oa tren tinh hinh nghiem thuc to cho phep ben bi vi pham dinh chi cac nhuong be cda minh n CA