Chuyên đề giới từ

GIỚI TỪ - PREPOSITIONS A LÍ THUYẾT I Định nghĩa giới từ Giới từ từ hay cụm từ thường dùng với danh từ, tính từ, đại từ để mối liên hệ từ với thành phần khác câu II Vị trí giới từ Giới từ có vị trí đứng riêng câu, sau vị trí số giới từ tiếng Anh: Trước danh từ Ví dụ: + at the cinema: rạp chiếu phim + in 2000: vào năm 2000 Sau động từ Có thể liền sau động từ, bị từ khác xen động từ giới từ Ví dụ: + I arrived at the airport on time (Tôi đến sân bay giờ.) + Please turn the radio down! (Làm ơn vặn nhỏ đài chút!) Sau tính từ Ví dụ: + Viet Nam is rich in natural resources (Việt Nam giàu tài nguyên thiên nhiên.) + He is very friendly with me (Anh thân thiện với tôi.) III Các loại giới từ Giới từ thời gian Giới từ ON Cách sử dụng - Thứ tuần Ví dụ + We have English lessons on Monday and Friday - Ngày tháng/năm + I was born on May 5th 1987 - Trong số cụm từ: + on holiday: nghỉ + She went on holiday with her family + on vacation: nghỉ việc + He doesn’t have anything to because he has been on vacation + on business: công tác + The manager and the secretary are on business + on duty: làm nhiệm vụ + on an excursion: chuyên du ngoạn + I'm sorry but I am on duty, so I can't join you m ột + Last week, my class was on an excursion to Halong Bay + on purpose: có chủ định + I think they did it on purpose + on time: + He is always on time You can rely on him … IN - Tháng/năm/mùa + In March/In 2017/In summer - Buổi ngày + In the morning/afternoon/evening - Trong số cụm từ: + in the future: tương lai + I wish to be a doctor in the future + in the past: khứ + Luckily, we are in good time for the meeting + in (good) time for: kịp + Today, I'm in bad mood I don't want to anything + in good/bad mood: tâm trạng tốt/tệ + In the end, we get married though we hated each other in the beginning + My village was very poor in the past + in the end: cuối AT + in the beginning: lúc đầu - Trước ngày lễ + at Christmas: vào giáng sinh - Cho cuối tuần + at weekend - Trước + at o'clock - Cho mốc thòi gian định: + at night: vào ban đêm + It's cooler at night and hotter at noon + at noon: vào buổi trưa + I often read newspapers at lunch time + at lunch time: vào ăn trưa + At midday everyone would go down to Reg’s Café + at midday: vào ngày + at the moment/ at present: + at times: + at dawn: bình minh + I am busy at the moment + At times, we go out for lunch + Mv parents work hard from at dawn to dusk + The phone rang at the same time you knocked the door + at dusk: hồng SINCE FOR BEFORE AFTER FROM TO TILL / UNTI L BY + at the same time: lúc Từ khoảng thời gian định khứ đến Một khoảng thời gian định tính từ khứ đến Trước khoảng thời gian I have lived here since 1997 She has been waiting for you for hours I got up before 6am sau khoảng thời gian Don't come back home after 10pm Từ đến I worked for the company from 2000 to 2007 Đến, I will wait here until you come back Vào, tính tới • By last month, they had published more than 30 reference books BETWEEN AND DURING Giữa He promised to turn up between am and 10 am Trong suốt During the lesson, all of us kept silent 2 Giới từ vị trí Gi Cách sử dụng ới từ IN - Dùng khu vực, khoảng không (mang nghĩa trong) AT Ví dụ + in the bedroom: phịng ngủ + in hospital: bệnh viện 10 + in the rain: mưa - Dùng truớc cách địa danh thị trấn, thành phố, quốc gia 11 + in a town - Dùng truớc danh từ phương huớng 12 + in Hanoi 13 + in Vietnam 14 + in the west/east/north/south 15 + in the middle of: 16 + in front of: trước 17 + in the back of: phía sau - Dùng số cụm từ 18 - Dùng trước địa điểm cụ thể (ở/tại) - Dùng số cụm từ: 19 + at the airport, at the part, at the cinema, at the station, at the bus stop, at the meeting, at home 20 + at the end of: cuối 21 + at the beginning of: đầu 22 + at the top of: đỉnh 23 + at the bottom of: đáy 24 + at the age of: độ tuổi 25 28 + at the center of: + on the table 29 + on the wall 30 + on the beach 31 + on the second floor 32 + on the left/right (of): bên trái/phải (của) 35 Dùng với nghĩa gần/bên cạnh 36 My house is next to/beside/by a school 34 TO/ BESIDE 37 UN DER 40 BE LOW 38 Dùng với nghĩa bên 41 Thấp khác cao mặt đất 39 The children are playing under the trees 42 The fish are below the surface 43 44 Dùng với nghĩa: 26 ON - Chỉ vị trí bề mặt (trên/ở 27 trên) - Chỉ vị trí tầng nhà - Dùng số cụm từ: 33 BY/ NEXT OV ER 47 AB OVE 45 - bị bao phủ khác 46 - nhiều over your shirt over 48 - Dùng với ý nghĩa: vị trí cao put a jacket 16 years of age 49 a path above the lake 50 A MONG 54 BE TWEEN 58 BE HIND 61 OP POSITE 51 - Dùng với nghĩa là: 52 (hơn người/ vật) 55 Dùng với ý nghĩa: 56 (2 người/ vật) 59 Dùng với nghĩa là: phía sau 62 Dùng với nghĩa là: đối diện 53 She is among the crowd of fans 57 He is sitting between his girlfriend and his sister 60 Behind my house is a river 63 My school is opposite a hotel 64 65 Giới từ chuyển động 66 67 Giới 68 Cách sử dụng từ 70 ACR 71 Dùng với ý nghĩa: băng OSS qua, 72 băng qua phía bên 74 INT 75 Dùng với nghĩa là: vào O 77 TO 78 Dùng với nghĩa là: di WARDS chuyển hướng 80 ALO NG 83 BY 86 OVE R 91 FRO M TO 94 ROU ND 95 ARO UND 98 THR OUGH 101 OUT OF 104 UP> < xuống 106 He often runs up the stairs for exercise 107 108 Giới từ thể cách 109 110 111 Giới từ 112 Nghĩ a 85 I usually walk by the park 89 + He walked over the bridge 90 + The thief climbed over the wall 93 It takes me 30 minutes to travel from my house to school 103 Please get out of my room 113 Ví dụ 114 WITH 117 WITHO UT 120 ACCOR DING TO 123 IN SPITE OF 126 INSTEA D OF 129 LIKE 115 với 118 khôn g, khơng có 121 theo 124 127 thay 130 giống 116 I'm shopping with my brother 119 If you come late, we will go without you 122 According to the archives, he was born in Paris 125 In spite of the rain, he turned up on time 128 I'll have coffee instead of tea 131 He walked like an old man 132 IV Những cấu trúc giới từ thông dụng 133 G iới từ 136 A B O U T 139 134 Cấu trúc 135 Nghĩa 137 - To be sorry about St 138 + lấy làm tiếc, hối tiếc 140 - To be curious about St 141 + tò mò 142 143 - To be careful about St 144 + cẩn thận 145 146 - To be careless about St 147 + bất cẩn 148 149 - To be confused about St 150 + nhầm lẫn 151 152 - To be doubtful about St 153 + hoài nghi 154 155 - To be excited about St 156 + hứng thú 157 158 - To be enthusiastic about St 159 + nhiệt tình, hào hứng 160 161 - To be sad about St 162 + buồn 163 164 - To be serious about 165 + nghiêm túc 166 168 + ngần ngại, hững hờ với 169 167 - To be reluctant about St (or to] St 170 - To be uneasy about St 172 173 - To be worried about St 174 + lo lắng 175 A T 178 176 - To be amazed at St 177 + kinh ngạc, sửng sốt 179 - To be amused at St 180 + thích thú với 181 182 - To be angry at sb 183 + tức giận với 184 185 - To be annoyed at sb 186 + bực với 187 188 - To be bad at st 189 + yếu 190 191 - To be brilliant at 192 + thông minh, có tài 193 194 - To be good/clever at st 195 + giỏi/sắc sảo 196 197 - To be efficient at st 198 + có lực 199 200 - To be expert at st 201 + thành thạo 202 203 - To be mad at sb 204 + tức điên lên với 171 + không thoải mái 205 206 - To be present at 207 + có mặt 208 209 - To be skillful at st 210 + khéo léo 211 212 - To be surprised at st 213 + ngạc nhiên với 214 215 - To be quick at st 216 + bén gì/nhanh chóng làm 217 F O R 220 218 - To be available for sth 219 + có sẵn (cái gì) 221 - To be bad for 222 + xấu cho 223 224 - To be good for 225 + tốt cho 226 227 - To be convenient for 228 + thuận lợi cho 229 230 - To be difficult for 231 + khó 232 233 - To be dangerous for 234 + nguy hiểm 235 236 - To be eager for/ 237 + háo hức cho 238 239 - To be eligible for 240 + đủ tư cách cho 241 242 - To be late for 243 + trễ 244 245 - To be liable for sth 246 + có trách nhiệm pháp lí 247 248 - To leave for 249 + rời khỏi đâu 250 251 - To be famous/well-known for 252 + tiếng 254 - lo be fit for 255 + thích hợp với 257 - To be greedy for 258 + tham lam 260 - To be grateful for sth 261 + biết ơn việc 263 - To be helpful/useful for 264 + có ích/có lợi 266 - To be necessary for 267 + cần thiết 269 - To be perfect for 270 + hoàn hảo 272 - To prepare for 273 + chuẩn bị cho 275 - To be qualified for 276 + có phẩm chất 278 - To be ready for sth 279 + sẵn sàng cho việc 281 - To be responsible for sth 282 + có trách nhiệm việc 284 - To be suitable for 285 + thích hợp 287 - To be sorry for 288 + xin lỗi/lấy làm tiếc cho 290 - To apologize for st/doing St 291 + xin lỗi gì/vì làm 293 - To thank sb for st/doing St 294 + cảm ơn 296 - To be useful for 297 + có ích, hữu dụng 298 F R O M 301 299 - To borrow st from sb/st 300 + vay mượn ai/cái 302 - To demand st from sb 303 + địi hỏi 304 305 - To draw st from St 306 + rút 307 308 - To emerge from St 309 + nhú lên 310 311 - To escape from 312 + thoát từ 313 314 - To be free from 315 + không bị, 316 317 - To prevent st from 318 + ngăn cản 319 320 - To protect sb/st from 321 + bảo vệ ai/bảo vệ 322 323 - To prohibit sb from doing St 324 + cấm làm việc 325 326 - To separate st/sb from st/sb 328 329 - To suffer from 327 + tách khỏi gì/tách khỏi 330 + chịu đựng đau khổ 331 332 - To be away from st/sb 333 + xa cách gì/ai 334 335 - To be different from St 336 + khác 337 338 - To be far from sb/st 339 + xa cách ai/cái 340 341 - To be safe from St 342 + an tồn 343 344 - To save sb/st from 345 + cứu ai/cái khỏi 346 347 - To be resulting from St 348 + có kết 349 I N 352 350 - To be absorbed in 351 + say mê, say sưa 353 - To believe in st/sb 354 + tin tưởng gì/vào 355 356 - To delight in st 357 + hồ hởi 358 359 - To be engaged in st 360 + tham dự, lao vào 361 362 - To be experienced in st 363 + có kinh nghiệm 364 365 - To include st in st 366 + gộp vào 367 - To indulge in st 368 + chìm đắm - To be interested in st/doing St 369 + quan tâm gì/việc - To invest st in st 370 + đầu tư vào - To involved in st 371 + dính líu vào - To persist in st 372 + kiên trì - To be deficient in st 373 + thiếu hụt - To be fortunate in st 374 + may mắn - To be rich in st 375 + dồi dào, phong phú - To be successful/succeed in 376 + thành công 377 O F 428 O N 378 + To be ashamed of 403 + xấu hổ … 379 + To be afraid of 404 + sợ, e ngại… 380 + To be ahead of 405 + trước 381 + To be aware of 406 + nhận thức 382 + To be capable of 407 + có khả 383 + To be confident of 408 + tự tin 384 + To be certain of 409 + chắn 385 + To be doubtful of 410 + nghi ngờ 386 + To be fond of 411 + thích 387 + To be full of 412 + đầy 388 + To be hopeful of 413 + hi vọng 389 + To be independent of 414 + độc lập 390 + To be proud of 415 + tự hào 391 + To be jealous of 416 + ganh tị với 392 + To be guilty of 417 + phạm tội về, có tội 393 + To be innocent of 418 + vô tội 394 + To remind sb of 419 + gợi cho nhớ tới 395 + To be sick of 420 + chán nản 396 + To be scare of 421 + sợ hãi 397 + To be short of 422 + thiếu 398 + To be suspicious of 423 + nghi ngờ 399 + To be joyful of 424 + vui mừng 400 + To be typical of 425 + tiêu biểu, điển hình 401 + To be tired of 426 + mệt mỏi 402 + To be terrified of 427 + khiếp sợ 429 + To be dependent/ depend on st/sb 432 + lệ thuộc vào gì/ vào 430 +To be keen on st 433 + mê 431 +To be based on st 434 + dựa trên, dựa vào 435 T - To be grateful to sb O - To be harmful to sb/st 438 436 + biết ơn 437 + có hại cho (cho gì) 439 - To be important to 440 + quan trọng 442 - To be indifferent to 443 + bàng quan, thờ 445 - To be identical to 446 + giống hệt 448 - To be kind to sb 449 + tốt với 451 To be kind of sb 452 + lòng tốt 454 - To be likely to 455 + 457 - To be lucky to 458 + may mắn 460 - To be loyal to 461 + chung thuỷ với 463 - To be necessary to sth/sb 464 + cần thiết cho việc / cho 466 - To be next to 467 + kế bên 469 - To be open to 470 + cởi mở 472 - To be opposed to 473 + phản đối 475 - To be pleasant to 476 + hài lòng 478 - To be preferable to 479 + đáng thích 481 - To be profitable to 482 + có lợi 484 - To be responsible to sb 485 + có trách nhiệm với 487 - To be rude to 488 + thô lỗ, cộc cằn 490 - To be similar to 491 + giống, tương tự 493 - To be useful to sb 494 + có ích cho 496 - To be willing to 497 + sẵn lòng 498 W IT H 501 499 - To be acquainted with 500 + quen biết, quen thân 502 - To be angry with sb 503 + tức giận với 504 505 - To be busy with st/doing St 506 + bận với gì/làm việc 507 508 - To be bored with = to be fed up with 509 + chán ngán, chán ngấy 510 511 - To be consistent with St 512 + kiên trì chung thuỷ với 513 515 + hài lòng với 516 514 - To be content with St = to be satisfied with 517 - To be crowded with 519 520 - To be covered with 521 + bao phủ với 522 523 - To cope with 524 + đương đầu với 525 526 - To deal with 527 + xử lí, giải với 528 529 - To be disappointed with 530 + thất vọng với 531 532 - To be patient with St 533 + kiên trì với 534 535 - To be impressed with/by 536 + có ấn tượng/xúc động với 537 538 - To be popular with 539 + phổ biến, quen thuộc với 540 541 - To be wrong with 542 + có vấn đề với 518 + đầy, đông đúc 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 B BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 550 Exercise 1: Điền vào chỗ chấm sau giới từ thích hợp 551 contrary 552 l You don't like it, you? on the contrary, I love it On the Mr Johnson said he was in What time did they arrive In favor of( tán thành, ủng hộ ) doing the work right away in London? the past, people did a great deal of work by hand Every student should spend at least two hours on his homework every night Some large cities may have to ban cars from the city center to wipe out smoke When she arrived in Britain, she wasn't used to driving Our flat is on the left on the second floor of the building Did you go on holiday by yourself? 10 They have been waiting for the bus for half an hour 11 She has become very famous for 12 Henry was born in her novels 1992 13 What you often in the evening? 14 Clean air is necessary for our health 15 She is always fed up with washing dishes after dinner 16 The roofs are covered with 17 We are looking forward red tiles to seeing you again 18 She is very angry with me 19 I'm very grateful her to 20 She is very jealous of 21 I'm very sorry for for help her sister what I have done 22 Miss White was very upset about the news of her father's death 23 Don't you think you should try to be friendly with 24 My daily expense are just about equal to my income 25 We were very doubtful about your classmates? his ability 26 The gloves aren't very suitable for that kind of work 27 She was sad because he was rude _to _her 28 Thank you You are kind to me 29 Everybody was surprised at the news 30 Are you excited about going on holiday next week? 553 Exercise 2: Chọn phương án để hoàn thành câu This organization is quick 554 sending relief goods to the flooded areas A with When are you leaving 555 B at A for B in A from That house reminds me 557 It was very kind 558 D about C to D„ at Singapore? This week or next week? Can you help me, please? I can't see the differences 556 c for these words B in C between D about C about D with the one where I used to live A of B for you to lend me the money I needed A for B of C to D with We have to apply effective measures to save many plant and animal species 559 A from B in Clearing forests for timber has resulted 560 C for D on the loss of biodiversity A with She is looking parents any more B at C in D for a new place to live because she does not want to depend 561 A for / on B after / with Due to industrialization, we have to cope 562 extinction 563 with / in / of C up / forwardD at / into B at / upon / over A off / on 565 home and look A in / at 12 He is very worried C down / off D around / her sick mother B at / after C for / over his new job because he is not quite prepared 566 A on / over B to / off 13 Instead petrol, cars will only run 567 upon A of / on 14 She has a promising future ahead 568 B for / by C in / over B from C on A after / for D of drug advertisements B of Bill, there's something wrong 17 I'm terrified D from/ her A with 570 working C about / for D in / at 15 If you have ever watched television, you have seen plenty 16 According D up / on solar energy and electricity A for 569 C for D about my computer B on / about C to / with D upon / at breaking down on a motorway at night 571 A from B with 18 As an adult, I am independent 572 B with 19 Today, women are increasingly involved A of C out D on the politics B in 20 Do you have any objections 574 C for D of my parents financially A of 573 C with D from this new road scheme? A at B with C to D for of the change in the program, I arrived half an hour late for the rehearsal 575 unreasonable A unaware 22 May I introduce you 576 577 24 Many students aren't keen B unconscious C unable D B for C to D of B at C on D from Mrs Brown? A with 23 She likes reading books the library A in D late B away / up 11 She intended to quit her job to stay danger C for / on / with It is time to go to bed Don't stay 564 for her the fact that many species are A over / at / for 10 Boys! Put your toys 21 As I was extinction their study at school 578 A about B for C with D on 25 Please write your answers 579 ink A in 26 Bread is usually made 580 B with C of B of C with D by wheat A from 27 Education in many countries is compulsory 581 28 Lack D by A for the age of 16 B when C until D forwards B in C for D on food had stunted his growth 582 A of 29 Family members who live apart try to get together 583 A in Tet B at 30 On Christmas Eve children go to bed full 584 A of B with 586 Exercise 3: Gạch chân đáp án She was confused (with/on/about/in) the dates His book is different (about/from/for/between) mine The boy is afraid (of/on/in/about) snakes He was successful (in/with/of/to) his job We are ashamed (at/in/to/of) his behavior Iraq is rich (on/at/to/in) oil Smoking is harmful (for/with/to/about) our health She is serious (with/about/of/for) learning to be a doctor I have some tickets available (for/to/of/with) you 10 Are you capable (with/of/for/to) doing that job? 11 She has suffered (from/to/with/about) her heart attack 12 Most children are ill-prepared (to/for/from/at) employment 13 English belongs (from/to/on/in) those who use it 14 Four-fifths of the world's computers use programs (at/in/on/about) English 15 My father insisted (in/on/of/at) building a new house 16 We are proud (at /in/on/of) our people's heroic tradition 17 The streets are crowded (at/ in/ with/ of) vehicles at the rush hour 19 I'm not acquainted (at/in/with/of) those flowers 20 Your words are contrary (to/in/on/of) your acts 21 He is sad (about/in/on/of) his son’s laziness 22 The book is divided (to/in/into/for) three parts 23 We are grateful (at/in/on/to) our teacher 24 I'm interested (at/in/on/of) current events 25 Your profession is similar (to/in/on/of) mine 26 I was absent (at/in/to/from) class before yesterday D during excitement 585 18 The air at the seaside is good (at/for/on/of) health C on C up D in 27 Teachers are responsible (at/for/to/of) their teaching 28 The beach is full (at/in/to/of) tourists in summer 29 We are present (at/in/to/of) the lecture yesterday 30 That singer has become very popular (at/with/to/of) the youth 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632  ... sister 60 Behind my house is a river 63 My school is opposite a hotel 64 65 Giới từ chuyển động 66 67 Giới 68 Cách sử dụng từ 70 ACR 71 Dùng với ý nghĩa: băng OSS qua, 72 băng qua phía bên 74 INT... Dùng với nghĩa: lên >< xuống 106 He often runs up the stairs for exercise 107 108 Giới từ thể cách 109 110 111 Giới từ 112 Nghĩ a 85 I usually walk by the park 89 + He walked over the bridge 90 +... up between am and 10 am Trong suốt During the lesson, all of us kept silent 2 Giới từ vị trí Gi Cách sử dụng ới từ IN - Dùng khu vực, khoảng khơng (mang nghĩa trong) AT Ví dụ + in the bedroom: