NN n GRADUATION THESES AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER 11 FROM THE BOOK “WISHER GETTING BEYOND GROUP THINK TO MAKE GROUP SMARTER” BY CASS SUNSTEIN, 2014

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DUY TAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH GRADUATION THESES NGUYEN THI NY SA AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER 11 FROM THE BOOK “WISHER GETTING BEYOND GROUP THINK TO MAKE GROUP SMARTER” BY CASS SUNSTEIN, 2014 GRADUATION THESES IN SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES DA NANG – May 2021 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DUY TAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH GRADUATION THESES NGUYEN THI NY SA AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER 11 FROM THE BOOK “WISHER GETTING BEYOND GROUP THINK TO MAKE GROUP SMARTER” BY CASS SUNSTEIN, 2014 Major: English for Translation and Interpretation Code: 701 SUPERVISOR: VÕ THỊ PHƯƠNG THẢO, M.A DA NANG – May 2021 GRADUATION PAPER SUPERVISOR: VO THI PHUONG THAO, M.A ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  To teachers in Duy Tan university! To my supervisor – Ms Thao! This graduation thesis could not be finished without the invaluable help, advice, and encouragement of my teachers, family and friends First of all, I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to the teachers of the Faculty of English They are enthusiastic teachers who teaching me useful lessons and helping me gain a lot of important knowledge during the years of studying at school Secondly, I would like to express my greatest gratitude to my supervisor, Ms Vo Thi Phuong Thao for her enthusiasm, support, guideline, and the time which she spent for me when I met obstacles Besides, Ms Thao always encouraged and answered all my questions during completing the process of this graduation paper Finally, we also really appreciate all the encouragement and advice of people I hope this graduation thesis will great success At last, I wish all of you good health and success! Sincerely Nguyen Thi Ny Sa STUDENT: NGUYEN THI NY SA - 2320315455 CLASS: K23NAB GRADUATION PAPER SUPERVISOR: VO THI PHUONG THAO, M.A STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP  Except where reference is made in the text of thesis, this thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in the whole or in part from a thesis by which have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the thesis This thesis has not been submitted for award of any degree or diploma in any other tertiary Da Nang, March 2021 NGUYEN THI NY SA STUDENT: NGUYEN THI NY SA - 2320315455 CLASS: K23NAB GRADUATION PAPER SUPERVISOR: VO THI PHUONG THAO, M.A ABSTRACT  This book is a suggested translation of chapters 11 from the book “Wisher Getting Beyond Group Think to Make Group Smarter” by Cass Sunstein In addition, chapter 11 of the book is translated and analyzed The book discusses group decisions made by families, villages, businesses, governments, school boards, religious organizations, and a variety of other groups And having more than one individual to help decide on the book's content is beneficial because the group benefits from the collective knowledge and the results are better Besides, the author has given methods and advice for making groups smarter It includes silencing the leader so that the views of other group members can surface, encouraging people to reveal their own knowledge and assigning roles that are aligned with people’s strengths Besides, the author has provided ways and tips for improving group intelligence Silencing the leader allows other group members' perspectives to emerge, as well as enabling people to expose their own knowledge and allocating positions that are consistent with individuals's capabilities Another goal of the research is to practice translating the text according to the proposed translation's content and context As a result, I proceeded to translate this content STUDENT: NGUYEN THI NY SA - 2320315455 CLASS: K23NAB GRADUATION PAPER SUPERVISOR: VO THI PHUONG THAO, M.A TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP ii ABSTRACT iii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 RATIONALE 1.2.AIMS AND OBJECTS 1.2.1 Aims 1.2.2 Objects 1.3.THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY 1.4.THE TEXT FEATURES 1.4.1.The text length 1.4.2.The text organization 1.4.3.The text source .2 1.5.THE ORGANIZATION CHAPTER 2: THEORICAL BACKGROUND 2.1.TRANSLATION THEORY .5 2.1.1.Definition 2.2.TYPES OF CATEGORIES .5 2.2.1.Full vs Partial Translation 2.2.2.Total vs Restricted Translation .6 2.2.3.Phonological Translation 2.2.4.Graphological Translation 2.2.5.Transliteration 2.2.6.Free, literal, and word-for-word translation STUDENT: NGUYEN THI NY SA - 2320315455 CLASS: K23NAB GRADUATION PAPER SUPERVISOR: VO THI PHUONG THAO, M.A 2.3.METHODS AND PRINCIPLES .8 2.3.1.Methods 2.3.1.1 Word-for-word translation 2.3.1.2 Literal translation 2.3.1.3 Faithfull translation .9 2.3.1.4 Semantic Translation 2.3.1.5 Free Translation 2.3.1.6 Adaptation 10 2.3.1.7 Idiomatic Translation 10 2.3.1.8 Communicative Translation .10 2.3.2 Principles 10 2.3.1.1 Meaning 10 2.3.2.2 Form 11 2.3.2.3 Register 11 2.3.2.4 Style and Clarity 11 2.3.2.5 Idiom 11 2.3.2.6 Source language influence 12 2.3.3 Rules of translation .13 2.3.3.1 The Rule of Proximity .13 2.3.3.2 The Rule of Parallelism .13 2.3.3.3 The Rule of conjunctions of Coordinating Form 14 2.3.3.4 The Rule and Correlative Conjunctions 14 CHAPTER 3: SUGGESTED TRANSLATION 15 CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS .44 4.1 ANALYSIS OF VOCABULARY 44 4.1.1 Words with muti meanings 44 4.1.2 Idioms and Phrases Verb 46 STUDENT: NGUYEN THI NY SA - 2320315455 CLASS: K23NAB GRADUATION PAPER SUPERVISOR: VO THI PHUONG THAO, M.A 4.1.3 Specific terms .48 4.2 STRUCTURES 50 4.2.2 Compound sentences 51 4.2.3 Complex Sentences 52 4.2.3.1 Complex sentences with noun clause 52 4.2.3.2 Complex sentence with adverbial clause 54 4.2.4 Passive Voice 58 CHAPTER 5: DIDIFFICULTIES AND SOLLUTIONS 61 5.2 Difficulties .61 5.3 Solusions 61 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 63 6.2 Conclusions .63 6.3 Suggestions 63 SUPERVISOR’S COMMENTS 67 STUDENT: NGUYEN THI NY SA - 2320315455 CLASS: K23NAB GRADUATION PAPER SUPERVISOR: VO THI PHUONG THAO, M.A CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 RATIONALE As a final year English student of The Faculty of English at Duy Tan University, I have gained a great deal of knowledge, skills, and experience from my schoolwork as well as a variety of other sources of learning Furthermore, I believe that English is a universal language that allows people to communicate with one another As a result, the field of translation has become more diverse: economic, cultural, political, educational, social, science and technology, tourism, literary, creative, biological, geology, trade, industry, and so on Moreover, we're all aware that the recent pandemic has had a significant impact on our country's economy, and it's an interesting subject to think about Especially, I am drawn to the positive aspects of economics, especially how to organize and handle problems, as well as provide useful solutions in each case It not only assists us in controlling individual actions, but it also gets to the root of the organization's problems At the same time, I've gained a deeper understanding of the success of economists, which has helped me gain useful information for my passion in the future Besides, I wanted to learn more about economics and how people and society use scarce resources to produce required goods and services and distribute them among society's members So along with the knowledge STUDENT: NGUYEN THI NY SA - 2320315455 CLASS: K23NAB GRADUATION PAPER SUPERVISOR: VO THI PHUONG THAO, M.A learned from the instructions, I decided to researching and selecting the book for my graduaion paper: "Wisher Getting Beyond Group Think to Make Group Smarter" 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTS 1.2.1 Aims - To show my ability in translating and interpreting documents - To improve some skills in translation as well as analysis of difficult points or something to easy to make misunderstand - To have more opportunities to get more knowledge about major in translation 1.2.2 Objects - To translate text smoothly and naturally - To analysis complicated words, phrases, idioms, structures, contexts, …etc - To give some implications and solutions for teaching and learning English, especially translation 1.3 THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY This book turns around two sides: how groups fail and how groups succeed in our life Each chapter is an important factor that the authors want to prove and debate However, within the scope of the paper and due to time limitation, this paper only focus on chapter 11 1.4 THE TEXT FEATURES 1.4.1 The text length The chapter that we choose to translate is the book “Wisher Getting Beyond Group Think to Make Group Smarter” from pages 181 to pages 294, include 5000 words STUDENT: NGUYEN THI NY SA - 2320315455 CLASS: K23NAB GRADUATION PAPER 57 SUPERVISOR: VO THI PHUONG THAO, M.A Suggested version: Đối với Hayek, vấn đề kinh tế mấu chốt cách để kết hợp kiến thức không tổ chức phân tán 4.2.3.2 Complex sentence with adverbial clause An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb Adverbial clauses are very useful in sentences, and there are eight types that express different things: Time, place, manner, reason, condition, concession, purpose and comparison Example 17: And when a commodity suddenly becomes scare, its users must respond to that event (P6) The dependent clause “when a commodity suddenly becomes scare” is an adverbial clause playing as an adverbial The subordinate conjunction used is “when” so this is an adverbial clause of time Suggested version: Và mặt hàng trở nên báo động, người sử dụng phải phản ứng lại việc Example 18: Because participants stand to gain or lose from their investments, they have a strong incentive to use (and, in that sense, to disclose) whatever private information they hold (P13) The dependent clause “because participants stand to gain or lose from their investments” is an adverbial clause of reason The surbordinate conjunction “because” is used to clarify the reason in the sentence STUDENT: NGUYEN THI NY SA - 2320315455 CLASS: K23NAB GRADUATION PAPER 58 SUPERVISOR: VO THI PHUONG THAO, M.A Suggested version: Bởi người tham gia từ khoản đầu tư họ, họ có động lực mạnh mẽ để sử dụng (và để tiết lộ theo nghĩa đó) thơng tin cá nhân họ nắm giữ Example 19: Although the market runs on token credits, participation is encouraged through prizes: the top investors receive a $200 gift certificate and, even more coveted, a special embroidered shirt (P18) The dependent “although the market runs on token credits” is an adverbial clause of concession The author used to surbordinate conjunction “although” to describe the contrast with the main statement in the sentence Suggested version: Mặc dầu thị trường chạy theo thẻ tín dụng có mã thơng báo, việc tham gia khuyến khích thông qua giải thưởng: nhà đầu tư hàng đầu nhận phiếu quà tặng trị giá 200 la chí địi hỏi với áo sơ mi thêu đặc biệt Example 20: The markets were organized so that securities existed for intervals of sales (P21) The clause “so that securities existed for intervals of sales” which is dependent clause, is an adverbial clause of result And subordinate conjunction “so that” is used in the sentence Suggested version: Các thị trường tổ chức để chứng khoán tồn khoảng đầu tư bán hàng Example 21: STUDENT: NGUYEN THI NY SA - 2320315455 CLASS: K23NAB GRADUATION PAPER 59 SUPERVISOR: VO THI PHUONG THAO, M.A If this point holds in general, prediction markets might not be accurate with respect to highly improbable events (P32) The clause “If this point holds in general” which is dependent clause is an abverbial clause of condition It is ussally used to describe condition of main clause in the sentence Suggested version: Nếu quan điểm nhìn chung đúng, thị trường dự đốn khơng xác với việc liên quan đến kiện khó xảy 4.2.3.3 Complex sentences with relative clause A relative clause is a dependent clause introduced by a relative pronoun or relative adverb It functions as an adjective; that is, it modifies, describes, identifies, or gives further information about a noun or a pronoun in the independent clause Example 22: Since 1988, the University of Iowa has run the Iowa Electronic Markets (IEM), which allow people to bet on the outcome of presidential elections (P24)  Independent clause: Since 1988, the University of Iowa has run the Iowa Electronic Markets (IEM) - Since 1988: Adv - the University of Iowa: S - has run: V - the Iowa Electronic Markets (IEM): O  Dependent clause: which allow people to bet on the outcome of presidential elections - Which: relative pronoun as S - Allow: V STUDENT: NGUYEN THI NY SA - 2320315455 CLASS: K23NAB GRADUATION PAPER 60 SUPERVISOR: VO THI PHUONG THAO, M.A - People: O - to bet on the outcome of presidential elections: C Suggested version: Kể từ năm 1988, Trường Đại học Iowa hoạt động Thị trường Điện tử Iowa (IEM), cho phép người bình chọn vào kết bầu cử tổng thống Example 23: The same bias is seen in tennis matches, where the best players get higher returns and the lower-ranked players attract a disproportionate share of bets (p31) The dependent clause “where the best players get higher returns and the lower-ranked players attract a disproportionate share of bets” is a relative clause with the relative adverb “where” It replaces the noun phrase “tennis matches” Suggested version: Sự chênh lệch tương tự nhìn thấy trận đấu quần vợt, nơi người chơi giỏi nhận lợi ích cao người chơi có thứ hạng thấp thu hút chia sẻ cá cược không cân xứng Example 24: They invested virtual money, which could be redeemed for various prizes (P.10) In this sentence, the relative clause “which could be redeemed for various prizes” modifies “virtual money” We usually use the Vietnamese meaning “cái mà” to transfer the meaning of the subordinate “which” into Vietnamese version However, if we use these words to translate normally, the translation is unnatural Thus, I reduced the subordinate when translating Suggested version: Họ đầu tư tiền ảo loại tiền phân chia thành nhiều giải thưởng Example 25: STUDENT: NGUYEN THI NY SA - 2320315455 CLASS: K23NAB GRADUATION PAPER 61 SUPERVISOR: VO THI PHUONG THAO, M.A The experimenters selected people who worked in different parts of HP's business operation (P20) The noun “people” is modified by the relative clause “who worked in different parts of HP's business operation” in the sentence In this case, we can use the word “người mà họ” to convey the meaning of the relative pronoun “who” or we can reduce it In my opinion, I will choose a shortened way to make the sentence more coherent Suggested version: Những người trãi nghiệm chọn người làm việc phận khác hoạt động kinh doanh HP 4.2.4 Passive Voice Passive structure is used commonly in English to emphasize the object affected by the action However, people rarely use this structure to express their idea so that the translating is a hard task Because of the scientific document, the author used lots of passive voice structures Basing on is form below, we can identify and analyze it easily Example 26: The markets were organized so that securities existed for intervals of sales (P21) In the sentence, the author used the form passive voice of verb "organized" to emphasize subject "the markets" The verb tobe "were" means "thì, là, ở, bị, được" Therefore, in this context, I choose meaning "được" is the most apropriate Suggested version: Các thị trường tổ chức để chứng khoán tồn khoảng đầu tư bán hàng STUDENT: NGUYEN THI NY SA - 2320315455 CLASS: K23NAB GRADUATION PAPER 62 SUPERVISOR: VO THI PHUONG THAO, M.A Example 27: The market should be expected to overestimate the likelihood that such events will occur (P32) The market should be expected to overestimate the likelihood Independent clause (passive voice clause) that such events will occur Dependent clause In the sentence, the form passive voice of verb “expected” is used to emphasize subject “The market” Basing on the context of the sentence, I suggested my version for this sentences is “được cho là” Suggested version: Thị trường cho đánh giá cao khả kiện xảy 4.2.5 Compound – Complex sentences Example 28: Many people believe that you can't predict the weather, but the National Weather Service does quite well, and orange juice futures even better (P17) Many people believe that you can't predict the weather (Noun clause) STUDENT: NGUYEN THI NY SA - 2320315455 CLASS: K23NAB GRADUATION PAPER 63 SUPERVISOR: VO THI PHUONG THAO, M.A Independent clause but the National Weather Service does quite well Cordinator Independent clause and orange juice futures even better Cordinator Independent clause In the compound-complex sentences, we have a complex sentence connected by noun clause “that” modifies the verb “believe” There are two clauses linked to conjunction “and” Suggested version: Nhiều người tin bạn khơng thể dự đốn thời tiết, Trung Tâm Khí Tượng Quốc Gia dự đốn tốt tương lai nước cam tốt STUDENT: NGUYEN THI NY SA - 2320315455 CLASS: K23NAB GRADUATION PAPER 64 SUPERVISOR: VO THI PHUONG THAO, M.A CHAPTER 5: DIDIFFICULTIES AND SOLLUTIONS 5.2 Difficulties As we all know, English Translation – Interpretation is a very common language, but I still have to deal with a lot of difficulties When I was a student at Duy Tan University, I was exposed to a variety of lessons and skills that were taught and directed by professors Not only have I studied a variety of fields, but I've also worked in a professional and pleasant environment However, despite the lessons I learned in school, I continue to face difficult problems Because when switching from one language to another, every language has its own unique characteristics To begin with, I lack sufficient vocabulary and knowledge of the field into which I am translating At the same time, certain terms, phrases, or idioms are difficult to come by, so I have to translate them in a few different STUDENT: NGUYEN THI NY SA - 2320315455 CLASS: K23NAB GRADUATION PAPER 65 SUPERVISOR: VO THI PHUONG THAO, M.A ways as well as choose the meaning of a multi-meaning word As a result, I spend much too much time trying to find, research, and prefer them on web sites, the internet, and dictionaries Second, when translating from a source language to a target language with a complex structure, grammar is very important to me I came across several long and difficult-to-understand sentences at times, and it took me many days to understand and translate them correctly Finally, I was in a challenging situation due to these challenges as well as a lack of time Since I didn't know how to fix the issue, I felt down and powerless at times However, I did my best and overcame obstacles in order to complete the graduation paper successfully 5.3 Solusions I gained a lot of awareness and translation skills after finishing my graduation thesis I am capable of solving problems and overcoming obstacles Now, I'll present a number of solutions that will assist me in perfecting my graduation paper Firstly, I had spent time looking for and reading original text and documents relevant to the field I was translating Then I carefully illustrate difficult words and constructs To determine the most appropriate meaning for the text, I used the internet and the school library, including Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, Cambridge Dictionary, and Vdict Dictionary online I also STUDENT: NGUYEN THI NY SA - 2320315455 CLASS: K23NAB GRADUATION PAPER 66 SUPERVISOR: VO THI PHUONG THAO, M.A exchange with my friend when we met together Second, I used what I had learned to analyze structure, grammar, and vocabulary Since each component of the sentence is critical, we should not skip any of the translation steps To properly translate, I had to read a specific document in both English and Vietnamese Furthermore, if at all possible, I try to translate the text in a normal and smooth manner Finally, when coping with problems, we must exercise caution and patience Trying to come up with ways to get positive translation results We make every effort to create a schedule and practice time that will enable us to develop our skills and knowledge in various fields Finally, I attempted to think more positively and build a more relaxed environment for myself by socializing with friends, confiding in my family, watching comedies, listening to music, and so on During the translation process, I encountered numerous difficulties; however, I did my best to resolve them and provide the best suggested edition CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 6.2 Conclusions STUDENT: NGUYEN THI NY SA - 2320315455 CLASS: K23NAB GRADUATION PAPER 67 SUPERVISOR: VO THI PHUONG THAO, M.A After finishing my graduation paper, I discovered that I had obtained a lot of knowledge about the book "Wisher Getting Beyond Group Think to Make Groups Smarter” It was a very useful book from which I gained a lot of knowledge and learned about the benefits of working together I can increase my knowledge, talent, and application of what I learned at Duy Tan University I approached quite a document pertinent to my major in the future with this graduation paper The graduation paper is essential not only to me, but also to English majors at Duy Tan University's Faculty of English Despite the fact that time is limited, I am aware that my graduation will almost probably not be free of errors in word usage, structure analysis, phrase translation, and so on My supervisor, family, and close friend, on the other hand, encouraged and supported me in finishing the paper I'd want to convey my gratitude to all of the instructors at the Faculty of Foreign Languages, whose contributions to my academic knowledge of English over the past four years have been invaluable 6.3 Suggestions I would like to give some suggestions for Faculty of Foreign Languages - Duy Tan University: Firstly, I believe that professors should provide students with additional possibilities to strengthen their translation analysis skills by providing them with rich fields Teaching materials, which are also an important aspect of every course, should include a wide range of STUDENT: NGUYEN THI NY SA - 2320315455 CLASS: K23NAB GRADUATION PAPER topics 68 and SUPERVISOR: VO THI PHUONG THAO, M.A be appropriate for students' abilities Furthermore, teachers should provide students with a variety of fun and appealing themes with the goal of assisting them in practicing and learning from them Second, Duy Tan University's Faculty of Foreign Languages may be able to establish favorable settings for students to gain more practical experience To help students gain confidence, the department should provide more opportunities for students to practice translation and interpretation outside of the classroom Finally, I hope that Duy Tan University would include some relevant extracurricular courses so that students can work on a variety of projects Because I believe it will enable you to gain a wealth of experience and information, as well as increase your confidence in completing this graduation paper STUDENT: NGUYEN THI NY SA - 2320315455 CLASS: K23NAB GRADUATION PAPER 69 SUPERVISOR: VO THI PHUONG THAO, M.A REFERENCES BOOKS Nguyễn Mạnh Quang (2013) Translation Theory Textbook Department of Foreign Languages, Duy Tan University Stephen P Robbins, Timothy A Judge (2012) Organizational Behavior Pearson Education Lawrence J Gitman, Carl Mcdaniel, Amit Shah, Linda Koffel, Bethann Talsma, James C Hyatt (2018) Introduction to Business Wisher Getting Beyond Group Think to Make Group Smarter” by Cass Sunstein, 2014 Trần Thị Thơ (2008) Basic English Grammar Department of Foreign Languages, Duy Tan University DICTIONARIES Oxford dictionary (1948), Oxford University Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary (1995), Cambridge University Press Vdict Dictionar T-Flat Dictionary STUDENT: NGUYEN THI NY SA - 2320315455 CLASS: K23NAB GRADUATION PAPER 70 SUPERVISOR: VO THI PHUONG THAO, M.A INTERNET WEBSITES 10 https://phantichkinhte123.wordpress.com/thuat-ngu/ 11 https://www.edplace.com/blog/edplace-explains/what-is-a-complexsentence 12 https://www.ef.com/english-resources/english-grammar/relativeclauses/ 13 https://www.ef.com/wwen/english-resources/englishgrammar/adverbs-place/ 14 https://www.ef.com/wwen/english-resources/englishgrammar/adverbs-time/ 15 http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/ 16 https://dictionary.cambridge.org/vi/ 17 http://www.mfe.neu.edu.vn/tu-dien-thuat-ngu/ STUDENT: NGUYEN THI NY SA - 2320315455 CLASS: K23NAB GRADUATION PAPER 71 SUPERVISOR: VO THI PHUONG THAO, M.A SUPERVISOR’S COMMENTS STUDENT: NGUYEN THI NY SA - 2320315455 CLASS: K23NAB ...MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DUY TAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH GRADUATION THESES NGUYEN THI NY SA AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER 11 FROM THE BOOK “WISHER GETTING. .. from the book “Wisher Getting Beyond Group Think to Make Group Smarter” by Cass Sunstein In addition, chapter 11 of the book is translated and analyzed The book discusses group decisions made by. .. translation is often meant by an interlinear translation with the target language immediately below the sourse language words In the word-for-word translation, the word order of the sourse language