Kinh tế nông nghiệp thành phố hồ chí minh trong 30 năm đổi mới (1986 2015) TT TIENG ANH

HUE UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCES PHUNG THE ANH AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS OF HO CHI MINH CITY DURING 30 YEARS OF RENOVATION (1986 - 2015) SUMMARY OF THE DOCTORAL THESIS IN HISTORY MAJOR: VIETNAMESE HISTORY CODE: 9229013 HUE - 2022 The work was completed at University of Sciences, Hue University Supervisors: Assoc Prof PhD Nguyen Van Dang PhD Nguyen Viet Hung Reviewer 1: Assoc Prof PhD Ho Son Dai, The High Command of Military Region Ho Chi Minh City Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof PhD Chu Dinh Loc, Khanh Hoa University Reviewer 3: Assoc Prof PhD Nguyen Tat Thang, University of Education, Hue University The thesis will be defended in front of the Judging Committee at Hue University, meeting at: At The thesis can be found at: National Library of Vietnam, Library of University of Sciences - Hue University INTRODUCTION The reason for choosing the topic Agriculture always exists objectively with an important position and role in the development of each country Therefore, the exploitation and utilization of resources and potential for agricultural development, industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas play an important role in the socio-economic development strategy, especially for countries that are developing and emerging from the agricultural economics like Vietnam Since the beginning of the renovation process, with the mindset of identifying agriculture as the leading front, developing agricultural production as the premise for stabilizing the socioeconomic situation, the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) has carried out the cause of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas, considering this an urgent requirement and a decisive step to successfully realize the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is a special urban area, has dynamical development and plays a central role in the southern key economic region as well as the whole country Ho Chi Minh City has strengths in capital, science - technology, high quality human resources; developed infrastructure system, industrial zones and export processing zones are built synchronously and modernly, which has created favorable conditions for the socio-economic development of the locality With a population of 8,247,829 people, of which 1,517,153 people are in rural areas [47, p 25]; Along with that, the process of mechanical migration also contributes to the rapid increase of the population of the City, so the demand for food is increasing in both quantity and quality, causing strong pressure Therefore, it requires the agricultural production of Ho Chi Minh City to constantly develop towards modernity, efficiency and sustainability to meet the needs of the people In the economic structure of Ho Chi Minh City, industries, construction and services play a key role in promoting economic growth; the proportion of these sectors accounts for more than 99% of the city's GDP structure However, the city also has a large rural area with suburban districts (Binh Chanh, Can Gio, Cu Chi, Hoc Mon, Nha Be) with a total agricultural land area of 115,767.7 (accounting for 55.25% of the total natural area of HCMC) [47, p 11] Therefore, in recent years, Ho Chi Minh City has focused on investing heavily to build and develop agriculture, to build new rural areas in order to shorten the development gap between the city center and the suburbs Although Ho Chi Minh City's agriculture only accounts for about 1% of GDP, it plays an important role in socio-economic development and contributes to the industrialization and modernization of Ho Chi Minh City In the context of rapid urbanization and the strong development of industries, construction, and services negatively affecting agricultural production, Ho Chi Minh City has built and developed urban agriculture, hi-tech agriculture develop agriculture towards modernity, sustainability, productivity, quality, efficiency and high competitiveness, which contributes to creating jobs and raising incomes, protecting the ecological environment and to be suitable to the specific conditions of a large urban area By 2015, Ho Chi Minh City has had achieved great achievements in agriculture: The average growth rate of agricultural production value during 30 years of renovation (1986 2015) reached 5.34%/year; the economic structure in agriculture was transformed in a positive direction; Agricultural development has contributed to hunger eradication and poverty reduction, enhanced quality of life of farmers… However, Ho Chi Minh City's agriculture also faces many difficulties, challenges and limitations The rapid urbanization process has led to a decrease in the area of agricultural production land, an increase in the development gap between urban areas and rural areas, and between industries, services and agricultural sector The production value and labor productivity of the agricultural sector compared to other economic sectors of the City are very low; The infrastructure for agricultural development has not met the requirements; The application of science - technology and the quality of human resources in agriculture still has limitations, From that fact, the development of agricultural economics in Ho Chi Minh City is a matter of strategic significance, is the objective requirement of practice to contribute to building a modern agriculture based on science - technology and high quality human resources, contributing to socio-economic development and environmental protection Many research works and articles on the process of agricultural economic development in Vietnam have been published It is also very important and necessary to in-depth researches and learn about the process of agricultural economic development in localities with their own conditions and characteristics, but the research results are still few Research on agricultural economics of Ho Chi Minh City can contribute more to scientific literature and interpretation, contributing to solving many problems of agricultural economics in Vietnam today Therefore, the research on the topic “Agricultural economics of Ho Chi Minh City during 30 years of renovation (1986 - 2015)” is urgent with scientific and practical significance, which helps us have full and comprehensive understanding about the agricultural development process of Ho Chi Minh City during 30 years of renovation (1986 2015), acknowledge achievements and limitations, identify characteristics and roles in a special city, from which it is possible to recognize some of the problems posed, contributing to the sustainable development of Ho Chi Minh City's agriculture in the current rapid development of urbanization Research purpose and tasks 2.1 Research purpose: In doing research on Ho Chi Minh City's agricultural economics during 30 years of renovation (1986 2015), the thesis wants to recreate the picture of Ho Chi Minh City's agricultural economics during 30 years of renovation (1986 - 2015) in a concrete and honest, multi-dimensional and comprehensive manner; to acknowledge the achievements and limitations in the process of building and developing agriculture in the direction of urban and high-tech agriculture in Ho Chi Minh City On that basis, the thesis can raise some issues to contribute to the agricultural economic development of Ho Chi Minh City in the current period 2.2 Research tasks: (i) To synthesize, analyze and evaluate research works related to the topic and issues required for further research; (ii) To analyze factors affecting the development of Ho Chi Minh City's agricultural economics; (iii) To systematize the views, guidelines and policies on agricultural development of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the Party Committee and the People's Committee of Ho Chi Minh City in the period 1986 2015; (iv) To clarify the agricultural economic development of Ho Chi Minh City between 1986 and 2015 in association with the policy of building new rural areas; (v) To evaluate the achievements, limitations, characteristics and roles of the agricultural economics of Ho Chi Minh City during 30 years of renovation (1986 - 2015) and some problems posed to develop the agricultural economics in the coming time Subject and scope of the research 3.1 Research subject The subject of the thesis is the agricultural economics of Ho Chi Minh City during 30 years of renovation (1986 - 2015), including aspects such as: Factors affecting the agricultural economics of Ho Chi Minh City; views and guidelines of the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Party Committee of Ho Chi Minh City on agriculture; the development of the agricultural economics and the process of restructuring the agricultural economics of Ho Chi Minh City towards urban and high-tech agriculture during the first 30 years of renovation (1986 - 2015) 3.2 Research scope - About content: The thesis delves into the agricultural economics of Ho Chi Minh City, which focuses on the following contents: Factors affecting agricultural economics; the process of agricultural economic development; the process of restructuring the agricultural economics towards urban, high-tech agriculture associated with new rural construction On that basis, the thesis draws out the achievements, limitations, characteristics and roles of the agricultural economics of Ho Chi Minh City during the 30 years of renovation (1986 - 2015) and some problems posed to develop the agricultural economics in the coming time - About space: The research area of the thesis is Ho Chi Minh City, but mainly focuses on some agricultural production districts of Ho Chi Minh City (Binh Chanh district, Can Gio district, Cu Chi district, Hoc Mon district, Nha Be District, District 9, District 12, Go Vap District, Thu Duc District.…) - About time: The thesis studies the process of agricultural economic development of Ho Chi Minh City during 30 years of renovation (1986 - 2015) At the same time, to ensure the comprehensiveness and systematic aspect, the thesis also mentions the agricultural economic situation in Ho Chi Minh City before the renovation (1975 - 1985) Source of materials The main sources of materials used in the thesis include: - Text materials archived in Ho Chi Minh City: This is a direct source of materials with high reference value to make scientific arguments, and to deal with the main research contents of the thesis We refer to this source of materials mainly from documents of the Party, documents of Ho Chi Minh City Party Committee; documents of the People's Committee of Ho Chi Minh City, the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Ho Chi Minh City and relevant departments, agencies, a number of districts in the area - Research works, articles published at home and abroad: including reference books and monographs, theses, scientific research topics, and research articles by many authors who have worked hard to research on Vietnam's agriculture in general and Ho Chi Minh City's agriculture in the innovation period (1986 - 2015); conference proceedings; press materials of published journals - Field Materials (photos, interviews with witnesses, experts, etc.) in districts in HCMC with strengths in agricultural development - Internet: refer to a number of documents and articles published by authors at home or abroad, photos,…ect on agriculture in Vietnam and in Ho Chi Minh City Theoretical foundations, research methods 5.1 Theoretical basis The thesis is made based on the theoretical basis of Marxism - Leninism, Ho Chi Minh's thought, the views and guidelines of the Communist Party of Vietnam on economics and agricultural economics 5.2 Research Methods The historical method and logical method are mainly used in this thesis in a harmonious combination During the implementation of the thesis, we also used the following methods: method of criticizing historical documents, field method, interview method, comparison method, method of analyzing and synthesizing documents, and statistical method New contributions of the thesis - The research results of the thesis contribute to recreating and restoring the development process of the agricultural economics in Ho Chi Minh City during the first 30 years of renovation (1986 - 2015) with the change in agricultural economic thinking of the Communist Party of Vietnam and of the Party Committee of Ho Chi Minh City; with the change in development goals and restructuring of the agricultural economics in the development process - On the basis of that overall development, the thesis also points out the achievements, limitations, characteristics and roles of Ho Chi Minh City's agricultural economics in the development process and some problems posed to develop agricultural economics in Ho Chi Minh City in the coming time - The thesis can be used as a reference for the Party Committee and the government of Ho Chi Minh City in the process of policy making on agriculture; serving scientific research and for those who are interested in agricultural economic issues of Ho Chi Minh City - The thesis contributes to providing and directing new, highvalue and reliable reference sources for further research, teaching and learning of staff and students in universities and colleges about Vietnam's agricultural economics in general, Ho Chi Minh City's agricultural economics during 30 years of renovation (1986 - 2015) Thesis structure In addition to the Introduction, Conclusion, List of References, Appendix, the thesis is structured into 04 chapters, 11 sections CHAPTER RESEARCH OVERVIEW 1.1 RESEARCH PROBLEM 1.1.1 Related Concepts 1.1.1.1 Agriculture, agricultural economics Agriculture is the basic production sector of society, using land for cultivation and animal husbandry, exploiting crops and livestock as materials and main labor materials to create foods, foodstuffs and some raw materials for industry The agricultural sector in the narrow sense consists of two sub-sectors: cultivation and animal husbandry; In a broad sense, the agricultural sector includes agriculture (including cultivation and animal husbandry), forestry and fishery Agricultural economics means economic activities taking place in rural areas, including agricultural production, forestry and fishery activities that create physical products to meet the people’s needs for foods, foodstuffs, serve as raw materials for processing industries and as a valuable source of exports 1.1.1.2 Urban agriculture, high-tech agriculture Urban agriculture is a production sector in the center, suburbs and vicinity of urban areas, its functions are to grow, raise livestock, process and distribute foods, foodstuffs and other products to provide urban areas with high-class products and services High-tech agriculture is the one in which new technologies are applied to production, including: automation, information technology, biotechnology to improve economic efficiency per unit area and obtain sustainable development 1.1.2 Research problem In this thesis, we approach agriculture in a broad sense, including agriculture (cultivation and animal husbandry), forestry and fishery In the largest city in the country in terms of economics, with the attributes of the agricultural economics as above, we approach in the following direction: It is urban agriculture, agriculture using increasingly high technology in line with the trend of modernization 1.2 DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN RESEARCH WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS TOPIC 1.2.1 Joint research works on the agricultural economics of the world and Vietnam 1.2.1.1 Research results on world agricultural economics published abroad The author Kuznets S (1959) in The Comparative study of Economics Growth and Structure; Johnston B F Kilby P (1975) in The Agriculture and Structural Transformation, Economic Strategies in Late-Developing Countries; Jenroen (1996) in the Ecological Economics and Sustainable Development: Theory, Method and Application These works have confirmed that replacing traditional agricultural production methods with ecological and sustainable agricultural production methods to protect the environment is an objective trend in the process of human agricultural development Authors Smith J., Ratta A and Nase J (1996) in the article “Urban Agriculture: Food, Jobs and Sustainable Cities” FAO (2001) in the report The Special Program for Food Security: Urban and Periurban Agriculture Rachel Nugent (2000) in the article “The Impact of Urban Agriculture on the Household and Local Economies”… clarified the concepts, characteristics and roles of urban agriculture; at the same time affirming that urban agriculture is a constituent part of the urban economic, social and ecological system Authors Sally P Marsh, T Gordon MacAulay and Pham Van Hung (2006) in Agricultural Development and Land policy in Vietnam; OECD (2015) in the research on Agricultural Policies in Vietnam 2015 has assessed the policy context and key trends of Vietnam's agriculture Since then, recommendations for agricultural policies have been made to integrate with the international market 1.2.1.2 Research results on Vietnam's agricultural economics published in the country - Research works on the issue of innovative thinking and agricultural development policies Research on this issue includes the following works: Agriculture and rural areas in Vietnam in the renovation period (1986 - 2002) by author Nguyen Sinh Cuc (2003); Le Du Phong (2006) in the book titled "Resources and dynamics for development in the socialist-oriented market economy in Vietnam"; Tran Thi Minh Chau (cb) (2007) in the book titled "About agricultural land policy in our country today"; Nguyen Quang Bich (2007) in the book titled "Vietnamese agriculture and rural areas after twenty years of renovation: Past and present"; Dang Kim Son (2008) in the book titled “Agriculture, farmers, rural areas in Vietnam: Today and in the future”; Doan Xuan Thuy (cb) (2011) in the book titled "Policies to support agricultural production in Vietnam today” The works have clarified the views and guidelines of the Communist Party of Vietnam on agriculture, farmers and rural areas; theoretical and practical basis for agricultural development policy in Vietnam; at the same time, these works have also analyzed the current Communist Party of Vietnam and the Party Committee of Ho Chi Minh City on agriculture; clarified the process of directing agricultural development from 1986 to 2015, with positive results on agricultural economic restructuring, advantages, limitations and lessons learned in agricultural development in Ho Chi Minh City - Research works on the construction and development of urban agriculture and high-tech agriculture in Ho Chi Minh City The authors Vu Xuan De and Tran Viet My (2003) in the topic "Research on the construction of appropriate ecological agricultural models in the process of industrialization, modernization and urbanization in Ho Chi Minh City"; Dinh Son Hung (2005) in the topic "Some solutions to develop agriculture and rural areas in the suburb of Ho Chi Minh City on the basis of science - high technology and ecological suitability" has evaluated the current status of agricultural and rural production in Ho Chi Minh City towards ecological agriculture Since then, the authors have proposed solutions to develop agriculture and rural areas towards ecological agriculture in the current period - Research works on farmers, rural areas and construction of new rural areas in Ho Chi Minh City Author Tran Tien Khai (2015) in the topic "Building new rural areas in Ho Chi Minh City: Current status and solutions for sustainable development"; Dinh Phuong Duy and Nguyen Viet Hung (2016) in the topic "Building cultural life in new rural communes in Ho Chi Minh City"… have summarized the theoretical basis and actual status of construction of new rural areas in Ho Chi Minh City Since then, the authors have proposed a number of recommendations and solutions to promote the process of building new rural areas in an effective and sustainable manner 1.3 THE RESULTS ACHIEVED AND THE ISSUES REQUIRED FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 1.3.1 Achievements There are many research works on the issue of Vietnam's agriculture in general and Ho Chi Minh City's agriculture in particular during 30 years of renovation (1986 - 2015) from different angles In general, these works have had obtained the following achievements: (i) These research works have confirmed the position, role and 11 importance of agriculture in the process of industrialization and modernization and socio-economic development of the country; (ii) Research works have contributed to systematize theoretical and practical issues, viewpoints, guidelines and policies of the Party and State on agricultural, farmer and rural development.; (iii) The research works have drawn lessons from agricultural development experiences of countries around the world and made recommendations and proposals to develop Vietnam's agriculture; (iv) Some research works have initially clarified the role of urban and high-tech agriculture in Vietnam as well as in Ho Chi Minh City; (v) Many research works have pointed out the advantages, difficulties, challenges and also provided some lessons for sustainable agricultural and rural development in Vietnam; (vi) A number of works have clarified the agricultural development process and the agricultural economic restructuring process of Ho Chi Minh City; (vii) The authors have collected and exploited many different sources of materials both at home and abroad with scientific and practical value on agricultural issues in Vietnam and Ho Chi Minh City 1.3.2 Issues required for further research On the basis of research results of previous authors, we find that there has not been any independent, systematic and in-depth research result on agricultural economics in Ho Chi Minh City during 30 years of renovation (1986 - 2015) Therefore, the research on Ho Chi Minh City's agricultural economics during 30 years of renovation (1986 - 2015) is a new issue of high scientific and practical significance and is a necessary task at present Inheriting those research results, the thesis will focus on researching the following contents: Because there has not been any systematic, comprehensive and accurate research on Ho Chi Minh City's agricultural economics during 30 years of renovation (1986 2015) and based on the diverse sources of materials that we have access to, the thesis will reconstruct a complete, comprehensive and systematic picture of the agricultural economics of Ho Chi Minh City during 30 years of renovation (1986 - 2015) At the same time, the thesis will make comments and assessments on Ho Chi Minh City's agricultural economics during 30 years of renovation (1986 - 2015) 12 CHAPTER HO CHI MINH CITY'S AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS IN THE PERIOD 1986 - 2000 2.1 FACTORS AFFECTING THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS OF HO CHI MINH CITY 2.1.1 Overview of natural conditions, socio-economic characteristics and history of Ho Chi Minh City 2.1.1.1 Natural conditions Geographical location: Ho Chi Minh City is located in the junction between the Southeast and the Southwest, with geographic coordinates of 10°10' - 10°38' North and 106°22' - 106°54' East Terrain: The terrain of Ho Chi Minh City is gradually lower from North to South and from East to West The highlands are located in the North - Northeast; low-lying areas are located in the South - Southwest and Southeast Climate - meteorology: Ho Chi Minh City is located in the tropical monsoon sub-equatorial region, the average temperature of the whole year is about 28.20C; with abundant radiation and high rainfall Geology - Soil: The geology of Ho Chi Minh City is mainly Pleistocene sediments (ancient alluvial sediments), forming a specific soil group of gray soil and Holocene sediments (young alluvial sediments), forming different types of soil: group of marine alluvial soil, group of alkaline soil and saline acid soil Water source and hydrological regime: Located in the downstream of the Dong Nai - Saigon river system, Ho Chi Minh City has a very diverse network of rivers and canals Dong Nai Saigon River provides about 15 billion cubic meters of water to the Central Highlands and Southeast provinces, becoming the main source of fresh water serving the city's needs Vegetation: The area of forestry land in Ho Chi Minh City in 2014 was 34,884.9 ha, accounting for 16.65% of the city's agricultural land area; Specifically, agricultural land was classified by forest type as follows: production forest: 839.9 (2.41%); protection forest: 34,015 (97.51%) and special-use forest: 29.9 (0.08 %) 2.1.1.2 Socio-economic characteristics Economics: Ho Chi Minh City contributed about 1/3 of industrial production value, 1/5 of export turnover and 1/5 of the 13 economic scale of the country; contributed 30% of the total national budget revenue Population and labor force: In 2015, the population of Ho Chi Minh City was 8,247,829 people and the population density was 3,937 people/km2 The labor force was quite abundant due to the young population and the source of migrant workers Market: Ho Chi Minh City was the largest consumer market in the country In 2015, retail sales of goods reached 648,260 billion VND, accounting for about 25% of the retail market revenue of the country 2.1.1.3 History Tens of thousands of years ago, in the Southern region, the Ma and Stieng ethnic groups existed and lived; while the Khmer migrated later and also lived in a very small area in the west of Tay Ninh province, bordering Cambodia Up to the seventeenth century, the Southern region was still unspoiled, uncultivated and exploited, or had been exploited but very sparsely From the seventeenth century to the first half of the nineteenth century was the period of exploration and construction of Saigon - Ben Nghe From 1623 onwards, trading activities around the Saigon - Dong Nai area developed and the Lord Nguyen established a tax collection station here In 1698, Nguyen Huu Canh entered the Southern capital, established a new administrative unit named Gia Dinh government In 1832, the King Minh Mang divided the Southern region into provinces, including Gia Dinh province (Phien An) From the second half of the nineteenth century to 1975 was the period of accelerating urban construction of Saigon - Cho Lon In 1867, the French colonial government changed the name of provinces of Cochinchina to Saigon, Bien Hoa, My Tho, Long Ho, An Giang and Ha Tien On November 12, 1877, the French President signed a decree choosing Saigon as the capital of the whole Indochina On April 22, 1959, Ngo Dinh Diem's government divided the territory of the citadel of Saigon into districts and 45 wards From 1975 to 2015 was the period of harmony, renovation, 14 integration and comprehensive urban development of Ho Chi Minh City On July 2, 1976, Saigon - Gia Dinh changed its name to Ho Chi Minh City As of 2015, Ho Chi Minh City is a special city, one of the five cities directly under the Central Government of Vietnam; It is divided into 24 administrative units, including: 19 urban districts and suburban districts 2.1.2 Agricultural economic situation in Ho Chi Minh City before renovation (1975 - 1985) 2.1.2.1 The period 1975 - 1980 Ho Chi Minh City reclaimed, restored and rebuilt the irrigation system, launched to increase production in order to restore agricultural production Therefore, agricultural production achieved many positive results: The value of agricultural production in 1980 increased by 17.7% compared to 1976 and the average growth rate of the value of agricultural, forestry and fishery production reached 5.1%/year 2.1.2.2 Period 1981 - 1985 To serve the development of agricultural production, Ho Chi Minh City continued to invest the budget to build irrigation works, clear canals, strengthen the dyke system to improve the land and serve irrigation As a result, agricultural production value in 1985 increased by 12.6 times compared to 1980 Agricultural production value grew on average 4.9%/year In general, the agricultural economic situation of Ho Chi Minh City in the 10 years before renovation (1975 - 1985) achieved a relatively high growth rate, an average of 5%/year; production value of agriculture, forestry and fishery in 1985 increased 15.31 times compared to 1976 2.1.3 The views, policies for renovation of the Communist Party of Vietnam on agriculture The renovation process from the 6th to the 11th Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam clearly defined the meaning, role and position of agricultural and rural development, affirmed the importance of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas for the current national construction The achievements of Vietnamese agriculture over the past 30 years of 15 renovation have shown the correctness of the Party's guidelines and policies on agricultural and rural development 2.2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS IN HO CHI MINH CITY IN THE PERIOD 1986 - 2000 2.2.1 Policy of the Party Committee of Ho Chi Minh City on agricultural development On the basis of the guidelines of the Communist Party of Vietnam on agriculture, the Party Committee of Ho Chi Minh City thoroughly grasped the views and policies of the Party in agricultural development and concretized the Party's guidelines in accordance with the actual conditions of the City, in which determining: Continuing to build suburban food belt; restructuring agricultural production towards the production of high-value goods, gradually forming urban agriculture 2.2.2 Building a suburban food belt (1986 - 1990) The value of agricultural - forestry - fishery production in Ho Chi Minh City in the period 1986 - 1990 tended to increase slowly, reaching only 4.5%/year; in which: the agricultural sector increased by 4.6%/year on average (cultivation: 0.9%/year and animal husbandry: 9.1%/year); the fishery industry increased by an average of 8% per year The value of agricultural output (at current prices) in 1990 reached 455,246 million VND 2.2.3 Restructuring agricultural production towards producing high-value goods, gradually forming urban agriculture (1991 - 2000) The production value of agriculture, forestry and fishery had a relatively high growth rate, averaging 5.25%/year The total production value of agriculture, forestry and fishery in the period 1991 - 2000 reached 18,047,691 million VND In 2000, the production value of agriculture, forestry and fishery reached 2,528,344 million VND (5.6 times higher than in 1990) In general, the agricultural economics of Ho Chi Minh City in the period 1991 - 2000 began to undergo a structural transformation towards the production of high-value goods, gradually forming an urban agriculture in accordance with specific conditions of the City 16 CHAPTER HO CHI MINH CITY'S AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS FOR THE PERIOD 2001 - 2015 3.1 THE POLICY OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE PARTY COMMITTEE OF HO CHI MINH CITY Thoroughly grasping the policy of agricultural development of the Communist Party of Vietnam in the direction of developing large-scale commodity agriculture, the Party Committee of Ho Chi Minh City affirmed the policy: to continue implementing the restructuring towards the formation of high-productivity urban agriculture, centralized production; to build and develop agriculture towards modernity, sustainability, productivity, quality, efficiency and high competitiveness in accordance with the agricultural characteristics of a large urban 3.2 HO CHI MINH CITY PROMOTED AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING, DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN AGRICULTURE, HIGH-TECH AGRICULTURE The Ho Chi Minh City government developed and implemented programs, schemes and projects to transform the economic structure and develop urban agriculture Ho Chi Minh City built the country's first high-tech Agricultural Park to promote research, transfer and application of science and technology to production; built and developed concentrated commodity agricultural production areas to adapt to the trend of urbanization; promoted the construction of agricultural models applying high technology in the fields of cultivation, husbandry and aquaculture; focused on investing in building a system of economic - technical infrastructure in service of the development of urban agriculture; built and perfected production relations in agriculture with suitable production - business models of high economic efficiency, modern and large-scale production organization… 3.3 RESULTS OF THE PROCESS OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN HO CHI MINH CITY IN THE PERIOD 2001 - 2015 3.3.1 The growth of the agricultural economics The production value of agriculture, forestry and fishery in the period 2001 - 2015 continued to achieve a fairly high growth 17 rate, averaging 5.82%/year (1.9 times higher than the average growth rate of the whole country) The total production value of agriculture, forestry and fishery reached 124,449,739 million VND, nearly 6.9 times higher than in the period 1991 - 2000 The production value of agriculture, forestry and fishery in 2015 reached 17,528,629 million VND (6.3 times higher than in 2001), of which: The value of agricultural production reached 12,530,042 million VND (an increase of 5.8 times) ); the forestry sector reached 148,659 million (an increase of 1.6 times) and the fishery sector reached 4,849,928 million VND (an increase of 9.2 times) 3.3.2 The restructuring of the agricultural economics The restructuring of the agricultural economics of Ho Chi Minh City continued to take place in the direction of rapidly increasing the production value of the fishery sector and gradually decreasing the production value of the agriculture and forestry sectors in the structure of agriculture and forestry and fishery of the City The restructuring within the agricultural sector continued to take place in a positive direction: the proportion of the animal husbandry was increasing rapidly and surpassing the proportion of the cultivation sector, making animal husbandry the main production sector; The restructuring within the fishery sector followed the trend of a rapid increase in the proportion of the aquaculture sector and a sharp decrease in the proportion of the fishing sector 3.3.3 Construction of new rural areas Construction of new rural areas contributed to changing the face of rural areas in Ho Chi Minh City in a spacious, modern and civilized direction, improved incomes and the living standards of rural residents As of July 1, 2016, there are 54/56 communes meeting the new rural commune standard and Cu Chi, Hoc Mon and Nha Be districts are districts meeting the new rural standard CHAPTER SOME COMMENTS AND PROBLEMS RAISED 4.1 ACHIEVEMENTS AND LIMITATIONS 4.1.1 Achievements Firstly, Ho Chi Minh City restored the situation of agricultural production after the war, built and developed agriculture with a relatively high and stable growth rate 18 Secondly, the process of agricultural economic restructuring took place in a positive direction, in line with the development conditions of Ho Chi Minh City towards urban agriculture Thirdly, hi-tech agriculture played a role in guiding the development of urban agriculture in Ho Chi Minh City Fourthly, restructuring crops and livestock had high economic value and specialized production areas were formed towards urban agriculture Fifthly, production relations in the rural areas were further consolidated, making a positive contribution to the development of Ho Chi Minh City's agriculture Sixthly, the program on construction of new rural areas in Ho Chi Minh City contributed to improving people's lives, the appearance of rural areas has been increasingly changing 4.1.2 Limitations Firstly, the production value of the agricultural economics was still low and has not met the demand for food and foodstuffs for the people of Ho Chi Minh City Secondly, the process of restructuring Ho Chi Minh City's agricultural economics towards urban agriculture still lacked stability and sustainability Thirdly, the construction and development of urban agriculture still had some limitations, not commensurate with the role and potential of Ho Chi Minh City Fourthly, the value of agricultural production applying high technology has not yet met the requirements of developing a modern, efficient and sustainable urban agricultural production Fifthly, the development of organizational forms of agricultural production was not high, the scale of agricultural production was still small and fragmented 4.2 CHARACTERISTICS AND ROLES OF AGRICULTURE IN HO CHI MINH CITY 4.2.1 Characteristics Firstly, Ho Chi Minh City has a large agricultural land fund with many different types of land Secondly, the growth rate of agricultural, forestry and fishery production value of Ho Chi Minh City is quite fast 19 Thirdly, the restructuring of agricultural economics of Ho Chi Minh City is also relatively fast and positive Fourthly, high-tech agriculture accounts for an increasing proportion in the value of agricultural production towards urban agriculture in Ho Chi Minh City Fifthly, an urban agriculture is built with typical agricultural products of high economic value in accordance with the development conditions of Ho Chi Minh City 4.2.2 Roles Firstly, the development of agriculture has contributed to ensuring the supply of part of the needs for food and foodstuffs of the people of Ho Chi Minh City Secondly, the proportion of production value of the agricultural economics in the GDP structure of Ho Chi Minh City accounts for only a very small proportion, but has contributed to ensuring the comprehensive economic development of Ho Chi Minh City Thirdly, Ho Chi Minh City's agriculture contributes to the supply of plant varieties and seedlings for markets across the country Fourthly, the development of urban agriculture and high-tech agriculture has contributed to improving and enhancing the lives of farmers in Ho Chi Minh City Fifthly, agriculture in Ho Chi Minh City plays an important role in sustainable development and environmental protection Sixthly, the development of agriculture contributes to creating a spacious, modern and civilized new look for the rural areas of Ho Chi Minh City 4.3 SOME PROBLEMS RAISED 4.3.1 Land policy and agricultural land use planning Land use planning must be associated with agricultural production planning in the direction of large-scale commodity production and the formation of concentrated specialized production areas There should be policies to support farmers in converting or transferring agricultural land, encouraging farmers to cooperate with each other in order to accumulate land and expand production scale 4.3.2 Increasing investment capital for agricultural development 20 The city needs to create mechanisms and special preferential policies on taxes, infrastructure, simplify administrative procedures to attract and direct investment capital from all economic sectors and foreign direct investment capital to develop agriculture 4.3.3 Developing organizational forms of agricultural production The city needs to reduce the number of small-scale agricultural production households; promote linkages in agricultural production in cooperative groups and cooperatives; develop farm economy and businesses to increase production scale, increase linkage in agricultural production 4.3.4 Increasing the application of high technology in agricultural production Step up the application of science - technology, increase capital investment for science and technology development Establish concentrated agricultural production areas with high technology application; build new hi-tech agricultural zones and biotechnology centers 4.3.5 Developing production, processing, distribution and consumption of agricultural products Create favorable conditions for organizations and individuals to invest in building agricultural product processing factories; encourage enterprises to produce according to the processing chain in order to increase the value of products; attract investment capital to develop the processing industry CONCLUSIONS Ho Chi Minh City is a special, dynamically developing city, playing a leading role in the country's socio-economic development With the potential and strength of a major economic center, the city of industry, trade - service, science - technology and international exchange, all of these have created favorable conditions and foundations for the socio-economic development of Ho Chi Minh City Despite being one of the largest urban areas in the country with an increasingly rapid and strong urbanization rate, Ho Chi Minh City still has a large suburban rural area accounting for 76.42% of the total natural area of the city, with more than 1.5 million people working and living Therefore, developing the agricultural 21 economics and building new rural areas is a particularly important issue to ensure the harmonious, comprehensive and sustainable development of Ho Chi Minh City The development of the agricultural economics has contributed to the socio-economic development of Ho Chi Minh City during 30 years of renovation (1986 - 2015), and also has clearly shown the characteristics, roles and importance of agriculture in the general economic structure of the City It can be seen that, throughout the period 1986 - 2015, the agricultural development orientation of Ho Chi Minh City is to promote economic restructuring, develop urban agriculture, and high-tech agriculture; Especially from 2001 to 2015, the policy of developing modern, effective and sustainable urban agriculture was identified by the City as an important task and focused on investing resources to build urban agriculture of Ho Chi Minh City to become a economic model for the whole country In order to build urban agriculture, Ho Chi Minh City continues to carry out economic restructuring in the direction of reducing the proportion of the cultivation sector, increasing the proportion of the animal husbandry industry, developing the agricultural services and business lines in the rural areas; developing agricultural products with high value in accordance with the conditions of the city, based on high-tech agriculture, applying modern science and technology such as safe vegetables, dairy cows, aquatic products products, flowers - ornamental plants, ornamental fish, As a result, although the strong urbanization process has caused negative effects on agricultural production, as a result of the process of restructuring the agricultural economics and developing urban agriculture, the agricultural economics of Ho Chi Minh City has continued to develop with a relatively high and stable growth rate during the 30 years of renovation (1986 - 2015) The value of agricultural production is increasing; agricultural economic structure shifts in a positive direction; The average agricultural production value per unit area is increasing rapidly, which has improved economic efficiency, increased profits and improved the lives of farmers; applying high technology in the production of specific agricultural products has given rapidly increasing 22 productivity, quality and production value, becoming the key products to promote the development of agricultural production of Ho Chi Minh City in accordance with urban agriculture However, besides the achievements, the development of Ho Chi Minh City's agricultural economics still has many limitations Agricultural development is not really sustainable, not commensurate with the potential and advantages of a big city with strengths in industry, trade - services, science - technology and with a large market full of potential of Ho Chi Minh City Agricultural production has not yet met the demand for food and foodstuffs, especially high-quality agricultural products for the consumption needs of the people of the City; the process of economic restructuring lacks stability and sustainability, urban agriculture still has some limitations; the value of high-tech agricultural production is still low and accounts for a very small proportion of the production value of the agricultural sector; the development of organizational forms of agricultural production is not high, of small scale, lack of capital, low production capacity and lack of linkage in the production process; Many large-scale concentrated production areas with high technology have not yet been established and developed to create key agricultural commodities with competitive advantages and high added value of urban agriculture The development of Ho Chi Minh City's agricultural economics during 30 years of renovation (1986 - 2015) has confirmed its important role in the socio-economic development of Ho Chi Minh City such as: Contributing to food security; stabilizing the socioeconomic situation and promoting the comprehensive economic development of Ho Chi Minh City; turning Ho Chi Minh City into a center for supplying plant varieties and seedlings and improving the value of agricultural production not only for the City but also for localities across the country; contributing to income improvement, poverty alleviation and improvement of farmers' living standards in Ho Chi Minh City; creating a modern and spacious look for the rural areas in the suburb of Ho Chi Minh City In order to continue promoting agricultural economic development, Ho Chi Minh City needs to solve the problems raised to overcome the limitations of the current agricultural economics in terms of land policy and land use planning; on increasing the 23 application of high technology to improve efficiency and value in agricultural production; on the development of production, process, distribution and consumption of agricultural products; on increasing investment capital for agricultural development and developing organizational forms of agricultural production suitable to urban agriculture, hi-tech agriculture, and specific conditions of a large urban area Solving these problems will contribute to orienting and promoting the trend and prospects of Ho Chi Minh City's agricultural economic development in the direction of continuing to build and develop urban agriculture, focusing on converting the low-efficient rice and sugarcane acreage to developing key crops and livestock in the direction of high-tech agricultural production, including: vegetables, flowers - ornamental plants, dairy cows (breeding animals, milk), pigs (breeding animals, meat), brackish water shrimp (ornamental fish identified as a potential product group), in addition, develop more medicinal plants, giant freshwater prawns, specialty aquatic products, etc The cultivation sector organizes chain-based production for key products, encourages the development of clean agriculture and organic agriculture; The animal husbandry sector develops stable and long-term concentrated husbandry areas, advanced husbandry methods; The seafood sector develops in a sustainable and efficient manner in line with market requirements and VietGAP standards The construction and development of urban agriculture and high-tech agriculture must be consistent with the socio-economic development strategy of Ho Chi Minh City, and at the same time consistent with the regional planning, promoting cooperation and increasing linkage with other localities in agricultural production to contribute to the creation of typical agricultural products with high productivity, quality and competitiveness, contributing to the increase of agricultural production value; Agricultural economic development must be associated with eco-tourism development, development of traditional craft villages to create healthy places of entertainment, recreation and relaxation, create a harmony between people and nature for residents in the City and tourists, contributing to the protection of the ecological environment 24 LIST OF RELATED SCIENTIFIC WORKS PUBLISHED Hoang Xuan Son, Phung The Anh (2019), “Foreign direct investment in Vietnam in the renovation period: Perception and practice” printed in Proceedings of the National Scientific Conference on The current situation of regional development of FDI in implementing sustainable development strategy in Vietnam, Publishing House of National Economics University, Hanoi, pp 368-376 Phung The Anh (2019), "Agricultural issues in President Ho Chi Minh's Testament and the application of agricultural production development in Ho Chi Minh City" printed in Proceedings of the Scientific Conference on The President Ho Chi Minh's Testament - Theoretical and Practical Values, Publishing House of Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, pp 775-780 Phung The Anh (2020), “Sustainable agriculture development in Vietnam Theoretical and practice”, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Volume Issue 4, April - 2020, ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Link: https://www.ijsr net/get_count.php?paper_id=SR20 408085627, pp 491-496 Phung The Anh (2020), "The Communist Party of Vietnam with the issue of sustainable agricultural development" printed in the Proceedings of the Scientific Conference of the Communist Party of Vietnam - 90 years of history, Publishing House of Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, pp 25-30 Hoang Xuan Son, Phung The Anh, Nguyen Thi Quyet (2020), “Private economy in green agriculture development in Vietnam” printed in International conference Sustainable agricultural development in Vietnam - Experience of Asian countries, Publishing house of Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, pp 124-134 Phung The Anh (2020), "Sustainable agricultural development Experiences of some countries in the world and lessons for Vietnam", Science and Technology Magazine, University of Sciences, Hue University, Vol 17, Issue (2020), ISSN: 2354-0850, pp 51-66 Phung The Anh (2021), “New rural construction in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam”, European Journal of Social Sciences Studies, ISSN: 2501-8590, Volume Issue 3, 2021 Link: https://oapub.org/soc/index.php /EJSSS/article/view/1045/1631, pp 99-106 Phung The Anh (2021), "Ho Chi Minh City’s Agriculture during 30 years of innovation (1986 - 2015): Achievements, limitations and some solutions for development ", Journal of Sciences, Hue University, Humanities and Social Sciences, ISSN: 2588-1213, Vol 130, No 6E (2021); DOI: https://doi.org/10.26459/hueunijssh.v130i6E.6339 ... economics in Ho Chi Minh City during 30 years of renovation (1986 - 2015) Therefore, the research on Ho Chi Minh City's agricultural economics during 30 years of renovation (1986 - 2015) is a new... economics during 30 years of renovation (1986 2015), the thesis wants to recreate the picture of Ho Chi Minh City's agricultural economics during 30 years of renovation (1986 - 2015) in a concrete... Chi Minh City during the first 30 years of renovation (1986 - 2015) with the change in agricultural economic thinking of the Communist Party of Vietnam and of the Party Committee of Ho Chi Minh