Quản lý nhà nước của tỉnh thanh hóa đối với phát triển du lịch bền vững TT TIENG ANH

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY - LE THI BINH STATE MANAGEMENT OF THANH HOA PROVINCE FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT Specialized: Economic management Code: 9.34.04.10 SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC DOCTORAL THESIS Hanoi, 2022 The research was finished at Thuongmai Universit…………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… Scientific instructor ………………………………….………………………… Professor Ph.D., Nguyen Thi Tu Associate Professor Ph.D., Hoang Van Thanh Reviewer 1: ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… Reviewer 2: ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… Reviewer 3: ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… The thesis will be defended at the Thesis Assessment Council at University level …………………………………………………………………………………… At……… hour ………… date……… month ……… year ………… Search for the thesis available at: National Library Thuongmai University’s library LIST OF SCIENTIFIC STUDIES RELATED TO THE THESIS Le Thi Binh, Nguyen Minh Ngoc (2018), Factors affecting the attraction of investment capital for tourism development in Thanh Hoa province, Asia-Pacific Economic Review, Issue 567 – October 2018 Le Thi Binh, Nguyen Minh Ngoc (2018), Improving state management of the tourism market in Thanh Hoa province, Economic forecast magazine, December 34, 2018 Le Thi Binh (2019), Developing tourism in Thanh Hoa Province into a spearhead economic sector by 2030, Financial Review, No 704, Issue – May 2019 Le Hoang Ba Huyen, Le Thi Binh (2020), Impact of Destination Image and Satisfaction on Tourist Loyalty: Mountain Destinations in Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam, Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business (JAFEB), Volume Issue Le Thi Binh (2020), State management status for sustainable tourism development in Thanh Hoa province, Asia-Pacific Economic Review, No 573– September 2020 Nguyen Thi Tu, Le Thi Binh (2020), Strengthening state management for sustainable tourism development in Thanh Hoa province, Proceedings of the national scientific conference: Business management and marketing orientation towards sustainable development, December 2020, ISBN: 978-604-946-926-8 INTRODUCTION Rationale Today, in the world, tourism has become a popular socio-economic phenomenon, a bridge of friendship, a means of peacekeeping and cooperation between nations and peoples In many countries, tourism is one of the leading economic sectors, bringing socio-economic benefits in development In Vietnam, after more than 30 years of renovation, the tourism industry has prospered, changed its face and gradually affirmed the stature of the industry in the national economy, contributing to socio-economic development, promoting cultural exchanges, making the world's people more knowledgeable about the country and people of Vietnam, taking advantage of sympathy and international support in the cause of national construction and defense; contribute more actively to the cause of industrialization - modernization of the country In the tourism development strategy of Thanh Hoa province to 2025, with a vision to 2030, the goal is set out to 2030: “Thanh Hoa becomes one of the tourism development centers of the North Central region and the whole country , tourism has become a spearhead economic sector, with professionalism, with a relatively synchronous and modern system of material and technical foundations; high-quality, diversified, branded tourism products imbued with national cultural identity” Therefore, in the past years, investment, exploitation and tourism development activities have been gradually focused, the number of tourists continuously growing at a good rate, revenue and added value also achieved high growth rates; developed facilities; Investment capital for tourism has increased steadily over the years and in the direction of promoting socialization is quite clear… In essence, the management process for sustainable tourism development is to influence them to achieve predetermined goals Therefore, in order to ensure the stable and sustainable development of the tourism economy, with limitations and negative effects, it is necessary to have the management of the state State management ensures stable and sustainable development of tourism, maximizes advantages and minimizes disadvantages This comes from the nature of tourism as an economic field with distinct characteristics, besides the general rules, tourism is formed, mobilized and developed according to its own laws Accordingly, in addition to the positive effects that change the socio-economic face of the country, this activity also gives rise to many negative aspects, especially for the environment Therefore, in order to ensure sustainable tourism, it is indispensable for state management However, compared to the potential, the sustainable tourism development of Thanh Hoa province has not achieved a commensurate level and has many significant limitations in the following aspects: Quality and diversity of tourism products, quality of human resources in the tourism industry , quality and synchronization of the system of facilities, the management of tourism activities; In particular, from the perspective of state management of Thanh Hoa province for tourism development are revealing interesting issues: these guidelines, strategies, planning and policies are just the Firstly step, not synchronized, consistent, not yet create a favorable environment for sustainable tourism development; The organization of the management apparatus and the inspection and supervision work also have many shortcomings, the implementation is not strictly ; In the process of implementation, the coordination between all levels and sectors in tourism management and exploitation in the area and linkages with provinces is still limited, not meeting the requirements of the development in the region In the new period, professionalism in tourism organization is not high In order for Thanh Hoa province's tourism to develop on the basis of promoting the potentials and advantages of the locality, becoming an important economic sector and a driving force for the province's socio-economic development, the state management of tourism plays a key role key, creating a basic premise for Thanh Hoa tourism to be developed more strongly The full awareness of the theoretical and practical basis for state management at the provincial level for sustainable tourism development, as well as an assessment of the current state of state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development, from which, the achievements and limitations can be drawn as a basis for conducting research, finding appropriate orientations and solutions to help state management activities bring into full play their inherent strengths, creating conditions for Thanh Hoa province to develop sustainable tourism is very necessary, for these reasons, the author chooses the topic: “State management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development” as doctoral thesis Research purpose and mission * Research purpose The research objective of the thesis is to establish the content, develop the evaluation criteria; analyze and evaluate the current state of state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development, thereby proposing some solutions and recommendations to strengthen the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development * Research mission In theory: - Systematize the theoretical basis of sustainable tourism development and state management of the province at the local level for sustainable tourism development; - Concretize the contents of provincial state management for sustainable tourism development through evaluation criteria - Identify factors affecting provincial-level state management for sustainable tourism development - Learn about state management experience of some localities at home and abroad for sustainable tourism development, from which, draw lessons for Thanh Hoa province On practice: - Assessing the current situation of sustainable tourism development in Thanh Hoa province from three perspectives: economic, social and environmental; - Analyze and evaluate honestly and objectively the status of state management content of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development through criteria, draw conclusions about advantages, limitations and causes, in order to create building practical arguments for proposed solutions; - Proposing solutions and recommendations to strengthen the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development In order to achieve the research objectives and tasks, the thesis needs to answer the following research questions: The cross-cutting question in the thesis is “How to strengthen the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development” The detailed questions are as follows: (1) What are the contents, criteria, tools and methods of the system of theoretical and practical basis of state management at the provincial level for sustainable tourism development?; (2) What is the status of sustainable tourism development in Thanh Hoa province in the period 2016-2020 based on the evaluation criteria?; (3) What is the status of the content of state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development through the evaluation criteria groups in the past time? Limitations in the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development and causes of limitations?; (4) What are the solutions to strengthen the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development in the coming time?; (5) What ministries and branches are recommended to strengthen the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development? Research subject and scope Research subject: The research object of the thesis is: theoretical and practical issues of the province's state management for sustainable tourism development Research scope: The scope of subject: The thesis studies theoretical and practical issues related to the state management of the province at the local level for sustainable tourism development; in which focus on researching the contents, evaluation criteria and factors affecting the provincial state management for sustainable tourism development The following research issues will focus on local government at the provincial level On the basis of the contents of state management of tourism in general, the thesis will focus on research on state management of local governments at the provincial level for sustainable tourism development according to the following contents: Firstly, organizing the implementation of strategies and regulations national tourism development plans, plans and policies; Second, to develop and issue according to its competence and organize the implementation of legal documents on local sustainable tourism; Third, the organization of the state management apparatus for sustainable tourism development, the coordination of state agencies in the state management of sustainable tourism development; Fourth, manage the promotion and development of the tourism market; Fifth, management and recognition of tourist zones and attractions and licensing of tourism activities (including tourist attractions, tourist areas, tourist service business establishments); Sixth, conservation management, exploitation of natural resources and environmental protection; Seventh, human resource development management (planning, training), application of science and technology in tourism development; Eighth, to organize the examination, inspection, settlement of complaints and denunciations and handling of law violations in sustainable tourism development - Regarding the groups of criteria to assess the level of implementation of the contents of state management at the provincial level for sustainable tourism development, the thesis focuses on studying 04 groups of criteria: validity, effectiveness, suitability and sustainability with 28 criteria The space of research: The thesis only focuses on studying the state management of the locality at the provincial level, Thanh Hoa province, without studying the state management at the central and district and commune levels In which "provincial level" here is understood to include both provinces and centrally run cities according to Vietnam's current administrative decentralization (defined in Article 110 of the 2013 Constitution and Article of the Law on Organization of Local Governments) New contribution of the thesis 4.1 Scientific contributions The thesis has systematized and clarified the basic theoretical issues of state management for sustainable tourism development at local level, including: (i) Establishing the concept of state management of sustainable tourism development at local level (ii) Developing a theoretical framework on the content and evaluation criteria of state management for sustainable tourism development in the locality (iii) Developing a theoretical framework for the content and system of evaluation criteria for state management of the locality at the provincial level for sustainable tourism development and use it to survey and serve as a basis for the analysis and assessment of the current state of state management of the locality provincial level for sustainable tourism development (iv) Determining the factors affecting the state management of the province at the local level for sustainable tourism development 4.2 Practical contribution (i) The thesis draws lessons from experience for Thanh Hoa province in the state management of sustainable tourism development through the study of experiences in state management of sustainable tourism development in some localities at home and abroad with similar characteristics (ii) Assessing the current situation of sustainable tourism development of Thanh Hoa province from three perspectives: economic, social and environmental; (iii) Assess the current state of the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development in order to find out the causes of limitations in the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism through evaluation criteria; (iv) Synthesize proposals and main solutions to strengthen the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development on the basis of conclusions about the successes, limitations and causes leading to limitations in the state management of Thanh Hoa province for the tourism sector Sustainable Development for Sustainable Development; The solutions proposed by the thesis are feasible, and suitable to the situation as well as the general context in terms of socioeconomic development and tourism development of Thanh Hoa province The structure of thesis In addition to the introduction, conclusion, references, appendices, the thesis includes 04 Chapters: Chapter 1: Research situation overview and research methods Chapter 2: Theoretical bases and practical experiences on state management of the province at the local level for sustainable tourism development Chapter 3: Status of state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development Chapter 4: Orientations and solutions to strengthen the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development CHƯƠNG RESEARCH SITUATION OVERVIEW AND RESEARCH METHODS 1.1 Overview of the research situation related to the thesis topic 1.1.1 Research projects on sustainable tourism development Sustainable development model and its components: There are many works on sustainable development model, such as the detailed model of WCED (1987), which requires the harmony of economic - political - public administration - social fields association - technology - engineering - production - international relations Model of circles of Jacobs and Sadler (1990), Sustainable development is the harmony of all three fields of economy, society and environment, three circles have the same size, the intersection area of the three circles is large highest, the highest sustainable development (Nguyen Anh Dung, 2019) Content for sustainable tourism development: According to author Duong Hoang Huong (2017), content for sustainable tourism development includes 03 main contents (pillars): Sustainable economic growth of the tourism industry; sustainable economic growth while promoting progress, increasing social justice and associated with conservation and promotion of indigenous cultural values; Sustainable economic growth is associated with the protection of natural resources 1.1.2 Research works on state management for sustainable tourism development Luong Thanh Hai (2013), Sustainable management of natural resources: Guidelines for sustainable tourism development in Kien Giang province and specifically for the Ha Tien - Dong Ho area The most important resource for tourism is people, because without human support, investment and commitment, tourism will not be sustainable in the future According to Nguyen Manh Cuong (2015), the content of the role of the local government at the provincial level in sustainable tourism development: (1) Developing strategies and planning for tourism development in the province according to the criteria of sustainable development; (2) Develop a mechanism to apply the laws and policies of tourism development in the province according to the criteria of sustainable development; (3) Building the organizational structure and management of tourism development in the locality according to the criteria of sustainable development; (4) Inspecting and inspecting the organization, management and tourism business activities in the province according to the criteria of sustainable development 1.1.3 Research works on state management and factors affecting state management at the provincial level for sustainable tourism development According to Truong Dien Thang (2010), in the work State management of tourism, the author said that the state management of tourism is not just a job, according to a secret plan, but the state management of tourism is to create a environment for the tourism industry to develop and a general awareness of the benefits of this industry in the community According to the author, the important issue of state management for tourism is to build an environment of political security and social safety, along with economic factors, the results of other economic sectors and the direction of tourism development According to author Nguyen Thi Tam (2018), State management of tourist accommodation business in Hai Phong, factors affecting tourism development include: (1) Subjective factors: Infrastructure, facilities technical facilities in service of tourism; Qualification and capacity of the local state management agency at the provincial level for business activities of accommodation and tourism; Human resources for the local tourism accommodation business; (2) Objective factors: TNDL; Situation of socio-economic development of the locality; Demand of tourists (tourist market); Competition in the tourism market 1.1.4 Research projects on tourism in Thanh Hoa province Le Hoang Ba Huyen (2015), with a provincial project: Research on solutions to attract non-state budget capital to invest in Thanh Hoa tourism development up to 2025, the topic has focused on studying the factors affecting the attraction of non-state budget capital to investment in Thanh Hoa tourism development, in which, the most influential factor is the policy of attracting investment capital of the local government, followed by factors: infrastructure, tourism resources, socio-political environment society also has a strong influence on the decision when investors consider choosing a location to invest in tourism development in Thanh Hoa Mai Anh Vu (2021), Sustainable tourism development in Thanh Hoa, synthesizes theories on sustainable tourism development, develops and evaluates tourism sustainability criteria of Thanh Hoa: economic criteria, environmental criteria and social criteria Research results have shown that the development of Thanh Hoa tourism is not sustainable and needs an impact to improve the results achieved 1.1.5 Some conclusions are drawn through an overview of the research situation related to the thesis topic and the research gap of the thesis topic Research gap of the topic * Some conclusions drawn The authors' works, articles and theses have mentioned many different approaches of the topic of tourism development, sustainable tourism development, state management to sustainable tourism development at both macro and micro scale Most of the research works are mainly on state management of tourism on the sectoral and local scale, there are very few studies on state management of sustainable tourism development in the locality *Research gap of the topic Research works on the content of state management for sustainable tourism development but only mention one or a few management contents, but have not fully integrated the contents of management of sustainable tourism development into their research; In addition, the system of criteria for evaluating state management activities 10 CHAPTER SOME THEORETICAL BASIS AND PRACTICE EXPERIENCE ON STATE MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL PROVINCIAL LEVEL 2.1 Some basic theories on sustainable tourism development and state management for sustainable tourism development 2.1.1 Concepts, principles, conditions, content and evaluation criteria for sustainable tourism development at the local level 2.1.1.1 Concept of tourism, tourism development and sustainable tourism development - The concept of tourism On the basis of the concepts given, from the point of view of the researcher, it can be understood: Tourism is the activities related to the movement out of the habitual residence of people for the purpose of relaxation, visiting observe, experience, improve understanding in all aspects of social life and other lawful purposes for a period not exceeding one consecutive year - The concept of sustainable tourism development According to the Law on Tourism of Vietnam (2017): “sustainable tourism development is tourism development that simultaneously meets socio-economic and environmental requirements, harmoniously ensuring the interests of the subjects participating in tourism activities, without harming the ability of tourists to participate in tourism activities capacity to meet future tourism needs” 2.1.1.2 Principles of sustainable tourism development Tourism is an integrated economic sector, with high interdisciplinary, interregional and socialization, and sustainable tourism development requires the joint efforts of the whole society The goal of Sustainable Development is to bring harmony between the economy, society and the environment without affecting the future To achieve that goal, it is necessary to identify 10 principles of sustainable tourism development (Nguyen Anh Dung, 2017), as a guideline for further activities, helping the tourism industry to develop sustainably in the future, specifically: Exploiting and using natural resources in a sustainable way; (2) Reduce over-consumption and discharge, in order to reduce the cost of recovering from environmental degradation, and also contribute to improving tourism quality; (3) Maintaining the diversity of nature, society and culture; (4) Integrating tourism into local and national development plans; (5) Tourism development must support local economic development; (6) Attracting the participation of local people in tourism activities; (7) Consultation of interest groups and the public; (8) Focus on human resource training; (9) Marketing tourism responsibly and (10) Implement research, to help solve problems, benefit resorts, tourism operators and tourists 2.1.1.3 Conditions for sustainable tourism development + General conditions: the general conditions for sustainable tourism development include: free time, material living standards and cultural level of the 11 people; developed traffic conditions; stable political conditions, peace, safety of tourists In order to develop sustainable tourism, it is necessary to emphasize the religious and religious life of the community and the support of local people + Specific conditions: (1) Tourism resources (2) Technical facilities, infrastructure equipment for tourism (3) Tourism human resources (4) State management capacity for sustainable tourism development (5) Tourism development policy lines (6) Development of tourist demand 2.1.1.4 Contents of sustainable tourism development Sustainable tourism development includes the main contents (pillars): Sustainable economic growth of the tourism industry; sustainable economic growth while promoting progress, increasing social justice and associated with conservation and promotion of indigenous cultural values; sustainable economic growth is associated with the protection of natural resources, the development of renewable resources, and the protection of the ecological environment; management ensures harmonization of interests between subjects Content 1: Sustainable economic growth of the tourism industry Content 2: Sustainable economic growth while promoting progress, increasing social justice and associated with conservation and promotion of local cultural values Content 3: Sustainable economic growth is associated with the protection of natural resources, the development of renewable resources, and the protection of the ecological environment Content 4: Management ensures harmonization of interests between subjects 2.1.1.5 Criteria for evaluating sustainable tourism development In Vietnam, there have been a number of studies to propose a set of indicators to assess tourism sustainability Based on the set of criteria for assessing tourism sustainability of Pham Trung Luong (2002); Nguyen Duc Tuy (2004), La Nu Anh Van (2012), Vu Van Dong (2014), Duong Hoang Huong (2017), Nguyen Phuoc Quy Sang (2018), Nguyen Anh Dung (2018), the thesis uses the following criteria: evaluation criteria of sustainable development from the perspective of ensuring sustainable economic and social development and from the perspective of ensuring the sustainable development of natural resources and the environment 2.1.2 Overview of local state management at the provincial level for sustainable tourism development 2.1.2.1 The concept, characteristics and purposes of state management of the province at the local level for sustainable tourism development - The concept of state management for sustainable tourism development On the basis of research and synthesis from a number of different perspectives on state management for sustainable tourism development, a general definition can be 12 given as follows: State management of sustainable tourism development at the provincial level is an organized and controlled impact regulate by state power (through the legal system) human tourism processes and activities to maintain and develop more and more sustainably tourism activities in the province to ensure the simultaneous achievement of all three goals of economic sustainability, socio-cultural sustainability, and environmental sustainability of the locality and ensuring the harmony of interests among stakeholders - State management characteristics for sustainable development State management of sustainable tourism development is an area of state management, therefore, state management of sustainable tourism development has the same characteristics as state management (Do Hoang Toan and Mai Van Biao, 2008) Firstly, the state management of sustainable tourism development has the nature of state power Secondly, state management for sustainable tourism development is an activity of organization, administration and adjustment Thirdly, the operation of state management for sustainable tourism development requires an appropriate management mechanism Fourthly, state management for sustainable tourism development must be based on the foundation of a certain institution Fifthly, in order to promote the process of social development in a continuous direction, state management activities for sustainable tourism development take place regularly and without interruption Sixthly, state management for sustainable tourism development is a scientific and planned activity - Purpose of state management for sustainable development In essence, the process of state management at the provincial level for sustainable tourism development is the impact of provincial state management agencies on tourism activities in the locality to achieve predetermined goals Therefore, the purpose of provincial-level local state management for sustainable tourism is to ensure that local tourism develops in a stable and sustainable manner, maximizes local advantages and limits negative impacts 2.1.2.2 Subjects and objects of state management at the provincial level for sustainable tourism development State management subjects for sustainable tourism development are state agencies or are empowered and authorized by the state to manage In recent years, the tourism industry has received the timely and close attention and direction of the Party and State, the efforts to overcome difficulties of the tourism management agencies from the central to local levels business community The state management apparatus for sustainable tourism development is organized from the central to local levels and is increasingly being perfected to bring into full play its management functions 13 2.2 Principles, tools, methods, contents and evaluation criteria of state management at the provincial level for sustainable tourism development 2.2.1 Principles, tools and methods of state management at the provincial level for sustainable tourism development 2.2.1.1 Principles Firstly, ensure the consistency between politics and economy, between centralization and democracy in state management for sustainable tourism development Secondly, closely combine the state management of the province at the local level for sustainable tourism development by sector and by territory Thirdly, ensure the relative independence between the local state management of the province for sustainable tourism development and the management of the subjects participating in tourism activities in the locality Fourthly, harmonize interests in society to ensure the socialist orientation in the process of socio-economic development at the province in general, and sustainable tourism development in particular Fifthly, ensure the economy, effectiveness, efficiency and fairness Ensuring the effectiveness is reflected in the fact that the state management agency of the locality at the provincial level issues tourism development policies that must be implemented and achieved in practice 2.2.1.2 Tools - Planning tool - Policy tool - Legal tool 2.2.1.3 Method - Administrative method - Economic method - Methods of education 2.2.2 Contents of state management at the provincial level for sustainable tourism development The thesis considers the content of state management of tourism according to the 2005 Tourism Law as a reference source to build a theoretical framework, Therefore, state management of sustainable tourism development at provincial level includes the following main contents: 2.2.2.1 Organize the implementation of national tourism development strategies, plannings, plans and policies 2.2.2.2 Formulate, promulgate according to its competence and organize the implementation of legal documents on local sustainable tourism 2.2.2.3 Organization of the state management apparatus for sustainable tourism development, the coordination of state agencies in the state management of sustainable tourism development 14 2.2.2.4 Management of tourism market development promotion 2.2.2.5 Management of recognition of tourist zones and attractions and licensing of tourism activities (including tourist attractions, tourist areas, tourist service business establishments) 2.2.2.6 Conservation management, exploitation of tourism resources and environmental protection 2.2.2.7 Management of human resource development (planning, training), application of science and technology in tourism development 2.2.3.8 Organizing the inspection, inspection, settlement of complaints and denunciations and handling of violations of the law in sustainable tourism development 2.2.3 Criteria for evaluating state management for sustainable tourism development The evaluation and consideration of the level of achievement of the objectives through the measurement of the results of the implementation of the criteria is based on the model of state management criteria of the Asian Development Bank and inherits the research of Nguyen Anh Tu 2015), Le Ha Trang (2019), Ngo Nguyen Hiep Phuoc (2018) and Bui Thi Duc Hang (2015), researchers develop criteria for assessing state management for sustainable tourism development according to the output model including: effectiveness force, effectiveness, relevance and sustainability 2.2.3.1 Validity 2.2.3.2 Efficiency 2.2.3.3 Suitability 2.2.3.4 Sustainability 2.3 Factors affecting the state management of the province at the local level for sustainable tourism development 2.3.1 Objective factors - Perspectives, policies and guidelines for sustainable development of the Party and State - Economic, social and political conditions of the locality - Travel resources - Legal factors - The development of science - technology - Sense of responsibility of tourists, tourism service businesses and residential communities - Regional linkage in tourism activities - The context and trends of tourism development in the country and in the world 2.3.2 Subjective factors - State management mechanisms and policies on tourism of the provincial government -State management capacity for local sustainable tourism development 15 - Infrastructure, material and technical facilities for tourism development of the locality at the provincial level 2.4 State management experience of some provinces at the provincial level for sustainable tourism development and lessons learned for Thanh Hoa province 2.4.1 Experience in state management of some provinces at the provincial level for sustainable tourism development 2.4.1.1 Experience in state management of sustainable tourism development of some foreign localities - Experience in state management for sustainable tourism development of Sentosa Island - Singapore - Experience in state management for sustainable tourism development in Sabah – Malaysia 2.4.1.2 Experience in state management for sustainable tourism development of some localities in the country - Experience in state management for sustainable tourism development in Khanh Hoa province - Experience in state management of sustainable tourism development in Da Nang - Experience in state management of sustainable tourism development in Quang Ninh province 2.4.2 Lessons learned for state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development From the experience of localities at home and abroad, some lessons can be drawn about the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development, which are: (1) Focus on implementing tourism stimulus packages (2) There should be linkage and cooperation between localities, regions, regions, businesses together to develop tourism (3) Improving the quality of tourism human resources (4) Regularly inspect and supervise the implementation of guidelines and guidelines on tourism development (5) Strengthening the environmental protection of tourism 16 CHAPTER SITUATION OF STATE MANAGEMENT OF THANH HOA PROVINCE FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT 3.1 Overview of the potential, advantages and status of sustainable tourism development in Thanh Hoa province 3.1.1 Potential and advantages of tourism development in Thanh Hoa province 3.1.2 Opportunities, challenges and disadvantages for sustainable tourism development of Thanh Hoa province 3.1.3 Assessment of the current situation of tourism development in Thanh Hoa province towards sustainability in the 2016-2020 period Assessing according to 25 criteria, there are 12 indicators showing results reaching the limit of sustainable development, and up to 13 indicators showing results not meeting the limit of sustainable development (including economic criteria, criteria on sustainable development social and four environmental criteria) Therefore, synthesizing and assessing the development status of Thanh Hoa tourism industry according to the criteria of sustainable tourism development, the results show that the development of tourism in Thanh Hoa is not sustainable 3.2 Analysis of state management status of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development 3.2.1 Organize the implementation of national tourism development strategies, plannings, plans and policies The survey results of 114 management staff in tourism and 196 tourism enterprises in chart 3.2 show the criteria of state management content for the formulation and implementation of strategies, planning, plans and policies for sustainable tourism development with average value between 3.27 and 3.63 points The average value of this content is quite good at 3.41 points (Appendix 2) 3.2.2 Actual situation of building, promulgating according to competence and organizing the implementation of legal documents on local sustainable tourism The results of the survey of 114 tourism management officers and 196 tourism enterprises on the state of state management of construction, promulgation according to their competence and organization of implementation of legal documents on local sustainable tourism are shown in chart 3.3 According to the survey results, it shows that the criteria of the State management for the construction, promulgation and implementation of legal documents on local sustainable tourism have a relatively high average value in the range of 3.62 to 3.99 The average value of the State management for the construction, promulgation according to its authority and organization of the implementation of legal documents on local sustainable tourism reached a good level of 3.78 points (Appendix 2) 3.2.3 Organization of the state management apparatus and the coordination of state agencies in the state management of sustainable tourism development 17 The results of the survey and evaluation of 114 management staff on state management for the organization of the state management apparatus for sustainable tourism development, the coordination of state agencies in state management of sustainable tourism development are shown in chart 3.4 According to the survey results, it is shown that the criteria of the state management for the organization of the state management apparatus for sustainable tourism development, the coordination of state agencies in the state management of sustainable tourism development, has an average value of between 3.37 and 3, according to the survey results 65 Although the average value of this content is quite good at 3.47 points, it is still quite low compared to other contents (Appendix 2) 3.2.4 Management of tourism market development promotion The survey results of 114 management staff in tourism and businesses on the management, promotion and development of the tourism market are shown in Figure 3.5 According to the survey results, it shows that the criteria of the state management for the management and promotion of tourism market development have an average value of between 3.52 and 3.62 The overall average value of this content is quite good at 3.57 points (Appendix 2) 3.2.5 Management of recognition of tourist zones and attractions and licensing of tourism activities (including tourist attractions, tourist areas, tourist service business establishments) The results of the survey and evaluation of 114 management officials in tourism on the management of recognition of tourist sites and sites and licensing of tourism activities are shown in Figure 3.6 According to the survey results, it shows that the criteria of this content has an average value of between 3.53 and 3.72 points The overall average value of the content is quite good at 3.64 points 3.2.6 Conservation management, exploitation of tourism resources and environmental protection According to the survey results, it shows that the criteria of the content of state management for conservation management, exploitation of tourism resources and environmental protection has an average value of between 3.16 and 3.61 points The average value of this content is only 3.35 points on average, the lowest of all the contents of state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development (Appendix 2) 3.2.7 Management of human resource development (planning, training), application of science and technology in tourism development The results of the survey and evaluation of 114 managers on state management of human resource development management (planning, training), and application of science and technology in tourism development are shown in chart 3.8 According to the survey results, it shows that the criteria of "State management of human resource development management (planning, training), application of science and technology in tourism development" has an average value between 3.15 and 3.15 to 3.57 The 18 average value of this content is only 3.39 points on average (Appendix 2) The rate of poor evaluations focuses on the quality indicators of tourism human resources and policies to encourage and support training and development of tourism human resources 3.2.8 Organize the inspection, inspection, settlement of complaints and denunciations and handling of violations of the law in sustainable tourism development As a result, in the period 2016-2020, over 1,300 times of tourism establishments were inspected in key tourism areas, and nearly 600 establishments were fined, with a total amount of over VND 1.5 billion At the same time, establishing and maintaining 17 hotlines in key tourist areas and attractions (including hotlines at Sam Son Beach Tourist Area; hotlines in Quang Xuong district; hotlines in Hoang Hoa; hotline in Hai Hoa and hotline in Ho Citadel) In Sam Son city alone, 1,687 calls have been received and resolved via the hotline As a result, the state management of tourism at the provincial level has gradually come into order, creating favorable conditions for tourism activities and tourism business in the area 3.3 Factors affecting the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development To assess the factors affecting the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development, the researcher conducted a survey to collect opinions of 310 managers in tourism and tourism enterprises The results obtained are as follows: : Tourism resources are assessed as the factor that has the strongest influence on the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development; Economic, political and social conditions; Perspectives and guidelines for sustainable tourism development; State management capacity for sustainable tourism development; Infrastructure and technical facilities for sustainable tourism development and finally the sense of responsibility of tourists, tourism establishments and local people all affect the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development 3.4 General assessment of state management status of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development 3.4.1 Successes and causes * Success Firstly, the formulation and organization of implementation of strategies, master plans and plans for sustainable tourism development of the province have innovation in both content, methods and organization of implementation, creating conditions for the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable development is implemented effectively Secondly, the construction and implementation of tourism development plans and plans in Thanh Hoa province have had many positive changes in terms of content, methods and methods of implementation 19 Thirdly, the state management apparatus of Thanh Hoa tourism has been consolidated, the Thanh Hoa Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism has recently performed well its function of advising the Provincial People's Committee to issue decisions on state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development, and at the same time implementing good coordination with relevant departments and agencies in the management and development of sustainable tourism Fourthly, activities to promote tourism market development have been paid attention and implemented in accordance with each period and each topic of tourism development of the province Fifthly, the government of Thanh Hoa province has made great efforts in training and building a contingent of state management staff in tourism Sixthly, the work of directing, inspecting and handling environmental violations has been carried out regularly, contributing to creating favorable conditions for the province's socio-economic activities, including the tourism industry of the province Seventhly, the inspection and examination of sustainable tourism development is maintained regularly, contributing to stabilizing the market, promoting tourism business activities, maintaining legal discipline in activities in the province * Causes The results in the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development as above are due to: - Mechanisms, policies and laws of the State in general, mechanisms, policies and laws of the province in particular; - Thanh Hoa province has always received the attention and support of the Party Central Committee, the Government and central ministries and branches; - Provincial Party Committee and People's Committee have the dynamism in leading, directing and operating, concretizing the guidelines and policies of the Central Government as well as issuing documents under its authority to develop sustainable tourism in the province; - The provincial government has strengthened cooperation and exchange of experiences in state management for sustainable tourism development in other localities; - The state management apparatus for sustainable tourism development in the province has been gradually rearranged, and there has been coordination between specialized agencies of the province in handling violations of State regulations in this field; - The quality of state management staff for sustainable tourism development has been gradually improved The work of training, fostering and supporting the training and retraining of human resources for the tourism industry is concerned with implementation 3.4.2 Limitations and reasons * Limitations 20 - Firstly, the management and supervision of the planning has not achieved high efficiency, the implementation progress of investment projects is still slow - Secondly, the work of creating links and cooperation in tourism development with other localities in the country, although implemented, is not really effective - Thirdly, the organizational system of state management of tourism, after consolidating, was reorganized to be streamlined, but the staffing force is thin, especially at the grassroots, which has not yet met the development requirements - Fourthly, Training activities, quality human resources for tourism are still limited Training has changed, but it has not yet met the demand for unskilled workers serving in the tourism industry - Fifthly, the inspection and inspection work, although there is a link between the relevant departments, but this work has not been checked on a regular basis -Sixthly, the state management of tourism environment has many shortcomings: The natural environment and the problem of waste treatment in tourist areas are almost unresolved, especially in marine tourist areas CHAPTER ORIENTATIONS AND SOLUTIONS TO INCREASE STATE MANAGEMENT OF THANH HOA PROVINCE WITH SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT 4.1 Viewpoints and orientations to strengthen the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development 4.1.1 The context of tourism development in Vietnam during the Covid-19 epidemic situation According to the General Statistics Office (2020), Vietnam's tourism has suffered extremely heavy losses due to the impact of the Covid-19 epidemic For the first time, the tourism industry recorded a sharp decline in the number of international and domestic tourists due to the impact of the Covid-19 epidemic The total number of visitors served by accommodation establishments in 2020 reached 97.3 million visitors, down 44% compared to 2019; the number of visitors served by travel agencies was 3.7 million, down 80.1% International visitors to Vietnam decreased by 78.7% compared to 2019, reaching only 3.8 million arrivals The number of domestic and international tourists dropped sharply, leading to a serious decrease in revenue for accommodation and travel establishments, estimated at VND 61.8 trillion, down 43.2% Up to 95% of international travel businesses stop operating, many hotels close, the occupancy rate is sometimes only 10-15%; about 40-60% of workers lost their jobs or cut their working days 4.1.2 The view of strengthening state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development On the basis of common views according to "Strategy for tourism development of Thanh Hoa province to 2025, vision to 2030", the view of strengthening state 21 management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development to 2025 with a vision to 2030, is determined as follows: : - Strengthening the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development associated with renewing awareness and renewing economic thinking about the role of tourism in the province's socio-economic development - Strengthening the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development must be placed in the process of promoting industrialization, modernization and international economic integration of the province - Strengthening strategies, development plans and mechanisms and policies for sustainable tourism development in accordance with new requirements - Strengthening the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development must be closely linked with the preservation and promotion of national cultural values; preserving the landscape, protecting the environment; ensure local security, national defense, social order and safety 4.1.3 Orientation to strengthen state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development Firstly, to develop state management policy of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development in line with the trend of tourism development in Vietnam Second, improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the state management apparatus for sustainable tourism development Third, promote the initiative and creativity in the government's state management, renew economic thinking about the role of tourism activities in socioeconomic development Fourth, improve the management and administration capacity of state management staff for sustainable tourism development Fostering and improving professional qualifications, professionalism and ethical qualities for state management staff of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development Fifth, improve and stimulate tourism demand in association with promoting cooperation and association in the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development 4.2 Solutions to strengthen state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development 4.2.1 Improve the capacity of the management team, perfect the organization of the state management apparatus for sustainable tourism development - Building a contingent of officials and employees of economic management in general and tourism management in particular, ensuring the quality and ability to effectively operate the tourism management apparatus according to the requirements of the market economy Follow the general training program of the Central as well as the province to improve the level of state management and tourism professional for the staff of tourism management 22 - Strengthening the organization of state management apparatus in the province in association with concretizing functions Accordingly, it is necessary to study the decentralization of state management of tourism in the district and commune, which is appropriate for the district and commune levels according to the location of zones, routes and points travel 4.2.2 Promote tourism promotion activities, link and cooperate in developing the tourism market of Thanh Hoa province Thanh Hoa province needs to strengthen links and cooperation with localities in tourism development Typically, in cooperation with Hanoi and Ninh Binh and Quang Ninh provinces, building and operating tours connecting world heritage sites including Ho Dynasty Citadel - Trang An - Imperial Citadel of Thang Long Ha Long Bay Linking with Ninh Binh province to develop sightseeing tourism products to research world heritage sites in one tour; ecotourism products combined between Ben En and Cuc Phuong National Parks; tourism products to study the archaeological sites of Con Moong cave (Thanh Hoa) and Nguoi Xua cave (Ninh Binh) 4.2.3 Strengthen inter-sectoral coordination Strengthen coordination between the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism with other departments and sectors in the state management of tourism activities as well as in advising the Provincial People's Committee on the state management of sustainable tourism development in the area Accordingly, focusing on directing the development and promulgation of regulations on coordination between the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism and other departments and branches in the province to perform the task of advising the Provincial People's Committee on state management for the province's sustainable tourism development 4.2.4 Improve the quality of tourism human resources, promote the synchronous application of technology in tourism activities and tourism management - Improve the capacity to forecast labor supply - demand in each field and industry, especially for key industries and fields, Nghi Son economic zone, industrial parks and foreign-invested enterprises in the locality provincial table; - Organize the annual labor supply and demand survey in the province and publicly announce the survey results so that training institutions, enterprises and employees have plans to train, employ and find suitable jobs meet the human resource needs for socio-economic development of the province - Each agency and enterprise in the province needs to develop a human resource development plan in each period, clearly identify needs and appropriate standards, and conduct public and transparent recruitment; have a plan to attract, train and foster human resources; innovate the method of assessing work capacity and the reward and discipline regime 4.2.5 Promote propaganda and raise awareness of people and tourists 23 Promote propaganda to raise awareness about the responsibility to protect and promote the values of tourism resources; update the master plan for socio-economic development of Thanh Hoa province to 2020, the plan for the period of 20212030, with a vision to 2040 Effectively implement the tourism communication project, the strategic plan Thanh Hoa tourism brand building has been approved; Integrate propaganda activities to raise awareness about tourism for all levels, branches, agencies, socio-political organizations and communities in the annual work programs and plans of the unit; Diversify communication activities on central television channels and towards international prestigious television channels; communication using modern technology; promote on social networks to create a wide spread 4.2.6 Strengthening state management of tourism resource protection, environmental protection and pollution control In the coming time, Thanh Hoa province needs to have solutions to improve pollution control and reduction activities in the process of creating and consuming tourism products, and it is necessary to regularly carry out waste reduction activities treat natural waste arising from tourism activities in order to improve state management activities of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development 4.2.7 Strengthening the inspection, inspection, settlement of complaints and denunciations and handling of violations of the law on sustainable tourism development It is necessary to step up the inspection and examination of the implementation of the Government's regulations on strengthening the management of order and safety, environmental protection at tourist attractions, the implementation of regulations environmental protection in the field of tourism by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment in tourist areas and spots in the province 4.3 Recommendations 4.3.1 For the Government 4.3.2 For the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism 4.3.3 For other relevant Ministries and sectors 24 CONCLUSION With the aim of the thesis is: to study and clarify theoretical and practical issues on state management at the local level at the provincial level for sustainable tourism development, analyze the current state of state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development as a basis for proposing solutions solutions and recommendations to strengthen the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development The results of the thesis have achieved the following main contents: Firstly, theoretically, the thesis clarifies the following contents: (1) the concept of state management of the province at the local level for sustainable tourism development, the role, characteristics, evaluation criteria, factors affecting to sustainable tourism development State management of the province at the local level for sustainable tourism development; (2) Establishing a theoretical framework on the content and evaluation criteria of sustainable tourism development at the provincial level; (3) The thesis has built a theoretical framework on the content and system of evaluation criteria for state management of the province at the local level for sustainable tourism development Second, in terms of practice, the thesis has drawn lessons for Thanh Hoa province in the state management of sustainable tourism development through the study of experiences in state management of sustainable tourism development in some localities at home and abroad with similar characteristics copper; (2) The thesis has assessed the current situation of sustainable tourism development of Thanh Hoa province from three perspectives: economy, society and environment through secondary data and survey results of local communities and tourists; Third, sticking to the viewpoints and orientations to strengthen the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development, the author has proposed 07 groups of solutions: 1) Improving the management team's capacity, perfecting the organization of the management apparatus State management for sustainable tourism development; (2) Promote tourism promotion activities, cooperate in developing tourism market of Thanh Hoa province; (3) Strengthening inter-sectoral coordination; (4) Improving the quality of tourism human resources, promoting the synchronous application of technology in tourism activities and tourism management; (5) Promote propaganda, raise awareness of people and tourists; (6) Strengthening state management of tourism resource protection, environmental protection and pollution control and (7) Strengthening inspection, inspection, settlement of complaints and denunciations and handling of law violations law on sustainable development In addition to the solutions, the author also proposes some recommendations to the Government and relevant ministries and sectors in order to strengthen the state management of Thanh Hoa province for sustainable tourism development in the coming time Thank you very much! ... 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