Ngun gc hinh thanh va vn d khai thac

BAT vA NGUa TIEN LANG (KY • A y£u) ~ NGHIE CU'U L,CH 0' HAl PHONG - HA ? XUAT ~ : • HAl P G " Chtu trcich nhiem It(ji flung: BUn ttJl': Vl ban t1lJ: Anh tIC liCu: OOAN SICa btin in : BAN NCLS.P aou TRi - ytN LAN PH~M cHU' - vO' HOI PH~M VINH NtII.JC: TlrD hih - XU.\N DU'vNG: tt! tren phuc kinh dja ban T'ien 51) Ui'l~ t'; hAn gan vet t hir ong 1957) PHlJQ'C: 61 Cac gic5ng dy hia, mroc tr en cMng rUQag Tie n Lang qua 6·\ dOlJ,D CONG THUNG - NGUYE DU '/ D~ T: Nghe nuOi tr~Dg d khai th'e thuy san Tii'u Un, - v(· TAN: !J 1986 - 1990 M~t sc5 vAil d~ v~ /tAt nuoc, n~uoj Tien khai NGUY£NHllUC'U te - tri~n Idab Cl) - TR.1N de va dn thlnh - f 711 CAr c6i vA ngh~ eM bi~n - ~HONG WC THIEM: Chg coi b Ti~n Uing va bo~t d~ng huOn ban 75-'· vilng nOJlg thOn Tifn Lang 79 NGUON GOC HINH THANH V A VAN BE KHAI THAC~ sir Dl)NG VfJNG BAT TIEN LANG Due NGUYEN TRAN Due ell TH~NH sr T l~ L,\NG Ii mOt huy~n dA g~n iil'n vui de tltAnh phu net khAc bi~l ngub II! t hanh Nt!h;~n elm tranh ChURg t g6p phi" cua hai tao diil va khai Phia xac dl nh che de; thuy d9ng hrc yen Tiefl Lang CbUlll: cil a n§m chau thlfongt10 tu thhg trlnh tbanh Yung dAt nl\y hlnh ('h,-it 0;11 Ti~D s6ng Bac bit'il Tii~n\ Lang Thai Htnh, B~) D6 la n6 ? Tren Ie hi~n a 10 km chiu LAng duoe bigh nhung no c6 m~t de ban clilt va viin Iao ta thAy nhu rut Ta the ro them nao nhling dugc ,'a ngaJ bai h9C thvc i cl.o huyen, cac d Hung vlIng dat co co so TUng km van Hung: tj~p D611g t uc HID dln chu ng ta hay ~em I~i ve n hi~n, qua Cban dang khtr ven bilin bi~ll, Vllng huong he, huoug ba cjia song giac chau B!c B9 Xu b bng rieng va vllng ven t r ie u va dong c;hay nil bi' tbtiy ng rAt lao lu phla dOng Me xu6ng Mti8 ('hung l'(>ng hang hLli t riiiu de dal co :50 do, tl>ng th~ hop Ij giup vitng phla h\y bi;:;n Dong t huoc ki~u - 15 em/s Qua dia bang phuc l~i n!.!ur>n g6c n6i chung eua dong cha) tri~n lIr>ng va dat d:U khoang I)()nl{ yen tx'1 co quanh narn, chay chinh" duo ng bo 11\ lien dan , bo- tara giac hllOug vung d9ng Ivc thuy Phong dong cha La cii mot ngoai PN!!I.hien, D I O~c diim a tao thac Ti~ft Laue( co doa n ba bi~n Q,lang, ~ong diH khac xly dl,rtlg m~t d~ an kinh tfl1!lg lugog nUeTC song Thai Iltnh 9,lO! m~/ am tGog hlQ'ng cat 1.8,106 bun tln/nlim, Qua sOng Duong 11m cho sr ng T b:ii Bin h IIlQ'ng phil sa 17,10 tan d:i tl6ng tr o quy\H djnh bl>i dap vai va 1I0ng Luoc 11.8g/m~ luqng mun Van sOng Irl>og chi na, clia sOng ThAi Blnh h~ thong 3.tS g/m3• 2.71; - nguun d xuong ehU yeu t!l> yao sOng cila sOng Thai Blnh dang cMt dan narn ciia Ltro ng phu sa to Urn va hlnh vung' d!H Phu sa lit mAu m(1 c6 d~ pH - luqn,g darn mroc sOng Iii thuqng h'ln~ lic sOng IIi~n 1'5i lli'gng bi~n dean nr SORg ~i:t loi sOng Lu~ thay Qui long uhieu IAn va Ill r9Dg huy~n Ti~n Ling DIu vet long sOng cl> d~ I~i n hi eu noi khu virc cae xl Ki.en Thillt Tien Minh, Khoi Nghia Khu che Dllm ngAl nay, xtra k ia dlt tl'rng 1:\ t6n~ sling Tb i Blnh cu Trcng ljch su phat tri~n cua vung dlt sOng Thii Blnh oil Hai SODg Van lie Thai Blnh co vai tro quyiH djnh eho 51! bOi clap dllt dai roan ~y~n s{Jng dong chay Ihuy trieu vting ven bi~n ll;\i la tac nha n quan tr o ng vun dap va tao vilng dlt Nho co dong cMy doc bo va 16~ gAD vuong g6e voi ba mil phu a cit bOt duoc dua V:lO bo kh6ng hi keo di xa Thiiy trieu'vA song ciil dira phu ea ngoai bien Nhung dU'gc s6ng xao di theo rnua, theo thang mot narn phu thuoc vao' d(> mu6i "ua nuoc vung cua i50ng 'I'ren dat cni ph:tt tri~n It! nhien rat t iro i t6t co ehieu dai 1,5 - 2.5 m va tao ml)t did xung quanh be de qu6c gia, ben ngoai doi e6i la rirng bAn su, ng cua eon nglloi va t hie n nhien da bien doi va cai sau i5:'ic vling dat , Ttr dilt phu sa mau ma ve n bi~n c6 d(> mu di cao, Mnl{ quai de hin bi;n ho~c cac duong bo co noi cao da tao than h III ien dill thuoc ()ng cha ta hI n.!!lIn xua bit diU phuc "\I ngtrai mrri dem l~i r-ho c ta toan bQ mien dat eanh lac nhlr Nhung khao sat nhieu xii huyen bang cac cllng trinh khai dao thuy lo i, v~t dilt lam nha, dao gieng chung tlli dii xac dinh duoe nguon goe hinh cac t •.o tang dat hi~n eo toan huyen nhir sau : - Tang diU duo i cu nz nam -0 d¢ sa.u so voi b~ ma t dong ru¢ng v~o khoang lir - 2.5 m la tling dat dllgC tao bai trieu c~ xua nhirng, b rntrc trjeu lhiip Tang eo phan co gioi Ht cat nha va thit nhc, mati xarn, am den e6 nhieu- vo giat T~ng bie" hat! het moi r o i va it h! bien doi ""UY nhien (] khu vue luong Inch sun~ ('c> tht tang Day gan nhir khung eo Ddi vo i \ •.19-dat cao thl tang narn ni Ia vong dja hio Ha N eao tu 0.5 - 1,0 m _ Bili b()i QQc thco a / long !l~ng ('till a i hOi tMp a sOng hi~n d~i Dg·c theo hai bo sOng' Van (fe va Th!i Blnb hi~n Ilta hinh co 'nguon g6c bi~n $Ong (nhu dii -n6i a tren), gllm cac bili bOi cao, hi~n dang !a ni;fl, elia cac d~ bao Hai Is dang.t1ia hinh e6 ngu(}n g6c song hj~D d~i baa gom cac Mi M: tMP veil st'mg B?U e6 quy mO nbo dai hep Ta khOng li!n tt.'C ven theo longsung Thanh pllln tMID tich gbm cat nho, b~t set mAu nlu glJ lha), ro hni dang ve dia hi h M~t Ia d,ng B - "hom dia hii1h bl~n Do ma-e d¢ Uti li~u h~n eM !tOng t~ pbln cbia chi ti~t nb6m khac nbau, ma chi dung l~, b hai ki~u dfa., hiah ef6 lA : _ nong delta) a khu b~ng Hell t~ ngllm yen bo, chinh Ii efia hlnb cac d\lJl& h3 nglm h~e sU(rn eMU" th~ ngam (avant - vue - D!a hlnh dAy bi~n ven bOo 1) Kieu d~ng bling ticii (I) uen M llgam Ki~u dja hinb phan b6 t6i gi6i ~n d~ sftu 5"'- rn, v6-i chieu r¢ng khoitng 8-9km t~ muc m bai da suon thoai TrAm tich tang m~t ciia cr.~ng gr'll chu y~u 1:\ cllt b¢t mau' nlu x m khu vl!e d6i, dien hai cli« s~ng TMi Binb vii Vitn Dc eo trch tlJ dai bun aet Unh a 2) Kieu dla hinh day bl~n ven 11& Ki~u dia hinh KboaDg nllm giua _d!O hi~h Tli Day nam ngoAi giol b~n d(l s!).n - m den dQ sau 25 - a~ sAu S- 25 m c6 trim tlch 30 ~ tra 13 set b~t miu 61ft c6 dO d6c 16ft hOD 1'A~t b()t, set mAtt nate dm phu Mn be ohilt lll~t d.m :unit o.ult vjnll Ble BO 2$- QuA 'TRiNH HINtI THANJai vA PHAT TltI~N VUNG DAT TI~N'LANG La mQt h¢ pMD cila don~ bting BAc B¢, manh dat Ti6n LIlng dii tirng Ia l\lc dia vao tMf ky truce Holoxen Vao dliu Holoxen, iinh hllang cua dot bi~n tien sau bang (bi~n tien Flandrian), rmrc nuoe bi~n d~ng cao khoang 100m va d~t dl!n xlip xi muc bi~n hi~n Day(iOOO - 5000 nam) Bien tj/!n tii!p tuc va, dl!-t tcri di) cao nhat - m vao khoan: 4501} nam, ve trtroc Itlm chlm ng~p phan Ian dong Mng Bt\c BO ma d6 c6 Hai Pnong Dilu vl!t cu~ dgt bi~n tien ghi Iai {] kha nhieu DO'i nhtr {] Trang Kenh, Cat BA 4llloi dang cac ng1(n mai mono vet barn hau ha, cac hang dQng cao ( - m nui da viii o Cat Ba, Ngoai ra, {; cac not nhtr Uong BI, Hoanh Bo Yen Hung, dau vet ghi l:,.i U cac blii bien c~ (them bien) 'rang trAm lich dllgs Bing dong tMi gian la cc sa quan trQng hinh Den dong Mng yen bien , thai gian 4000 - 3000 nasn ve trtroc, mtrc bien hi~n nay, va hinh them bi~JI b~c Yao khoang a bi~n· rut xuong rmrc - m thap hon ' a T'ien Lang d!u vet them bil!n b~c I giu I~i ba xli yen dllong 10 Trong tMi I ginn nay, 'dau' vet cua dllong bo c() duoc ghi nhan Ti~l'l Cueng, T,! Ctrong (Tien Lang) ehay j qua Quang Trung,' Truong ThQ (An Lao), Le Thien, An Hoa, An Hong (tAy hac An Hai), : , I My D~ng Kenh Giang, Luu Kielll (tAy b!le Thiiy Nguyen) a \ Sau d6 Iai xulit hj~n dot bi~n Ian Holoxen muon, d~t elen dt) cao 1.5 - m cao hon muc bien hi~n nay; vao khoang 2300 narn ve truce Vung dal Tien Ling l:,ti bi c him ng~p m9t'llin • lIua trir phlin tAy hac (c~c xl! duang 10), tay hic Vinh Bao, tlly bac An Lao - An Hai v~ dai h9 phan Hai Hung thuec dng banR thap ven bien, M6 Cua Duong Ao dI dIrge nhac cleo tir the ky xv (Dlr dia chi cUa Nguyen Trii) tuc IA throng Ao dll xufft hifD each day, It nl~at 500 nsm ve truoc De b~ b Doan Xli (~ Son) co luoi it DMt tv 500 Dam Iro ve tmo ' £)6 cung Ia co so de lien ~ dllang ba bieR 500 - iGO am v~ truoc giita cac (lia plnrong Tu 500 - 700 nam tro ~i dAy, d(')n~ bAng TieD L11ng tiep tuc Ian b~R, Ift~t ~ thOng dc eon bi~n Vinh Quang moi duoc htnh cling voi ,biii trieu khit r~ng thuoe khu kinh ti mtsi CMn Hung Nhtn llJi t6c d~ HIn bi~n gi6ng nhau: - Thai ky LAne co t~ ' hang nam cae thai k)' licit sj} khac lu 3()OO den ~300 nam tro ve tnrqc b], thu IN;p dien tfch dm tht,rc coo co m{>t dgt bi~n 1\ bau , ehitng khOng bien IAn rlll'lg bang T'ien - Thai ky t1k 2300 nam dell trtroc the ky Xl toc de) lien bien vao k hoiing - m/narn, - Thai ky t1kkhoiing dau the ky XI den 500 - 709 nam ve truce , t6c d(l 1:1n bi{jn S -10m/Dam - Thai ky 500 - 700 nam Jai day !(e r!¢ Uin h;cn tt} 10 - J.5m/n:im .bo bi(3n don,r; bac ll';i P;'o g rllan !)IT bi~n phla tAy !lam tinh tIT elm h:}ng narn ba bib v:b tipn vet t5c at) trung binh U'uc finh to - 15 rn hin Iai Iich Slr dia ehUt t~ay ning !rong sudt thai gian khoang 2300' nam cho d n _ 700 nam trtroc bien rut lien tuc xu6ng foi rru' c th.ip nhat - Sm dl10i Dl\fC bieft hi$n n y Sau bi~n Iai t1k tir nAng len Nhlrng th\Tc tc \"lIng van nam quy }u~ pbat trie!l cib tam gi~c chau Hre la tai luQ'ng phu sa C!1a cac :;ong Van Uc va Tbai Binh van dii 101, t' e de} 1aog dong tram tieh can bang ho~c vuot qua t6c dl) 'dAng cao ciia muc nuoe bier., Vi t ,e log Dam ~~ng Mng van Ian b!en Tuy roue dl) tien bien hang Dam 1:\ 10 - 15m, lIhung thue ehua Ion Theo cac Uti Ii~·u ngl ien ctru vien tham cUa Vi~A quy boach vi quan Ij mroe ve mila can, anh huo)lg phu sa cua sOng Van Ue db bi~• xa ba den 25 kill, Irong aoh huang phu sa ciia s6ng Tra Ly vA sOng H~ng chi co k • Dih d6 chirng to rang kIm nang t~p trung l~ng dngtrlm tich ven ba Tien Lang III tb4p Jao • Trong k hi 11I6.b~n Day t6e ~ ~i b T-Kag cira Ba Lat cira Day tol 100 m/nam Khac voi vung Van Dc 'tro xuong, N.H·C - , • T - N ••• C I " • I - DVNT)) 25 ... ta khai thac va sll d lng ho p ly I Cae tallg dat theo ngul)n gCSc hinh Trai qua nhie u narn thang, tac d( >ng cua eon nglloi va t hie n nhien da bien doi va cai sau i5:'ic vling dat , Ttr dilt... vilng dlt Nho co dong cMy doc bo va 16~ gAD vuong g6e voi ba mil phu a cit bOt duoc dua V:lO bo kh6ng hi keo di xa Thiiy trieu 'vA song ciil dira phu ea ngoai bien Nhung dU 'gc s6ng xao d< )ng tr~n... vi d: it D~ bao v~ duoc hien, di 'a dai mila nbtp vAo qua sliu (tat d~ trflng Iua hau nbu -chl m~t v'=' miaa, nbo c6 nuoc ngot d~ dy diy Mua kM dat canb tac b] b6c chua m~n Iii tiirg dlloi dua