the broadband problem anatomy of a market failure and a policy dilemma

... policies, such as Canada, South Korea, and Japan, already outpace the United States in broadband deployment.It is clearly important for policymakers, as well as the U.S. broadband industry itself, ... with the increasing broadband- dependence of all information systems and the relative price trends of localcommunications versus all other digital products and services, the cost of broadband ... is already available. However,large-scale local broadband deployment is required to realize the largestpotential gains in these areas, particularly in videoconferencing. Broadband issues also...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: The chitinolytic system of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis comprises a nonprocessive chitinase and a chitin-binding protein that promotes the degradation of a- and b-chitin doc

... instructions, containingends compatible with the expression vector (forwardprimer, 5¢-GGTATTGAGGGTCGCCATGGTTATGTTCAATCACCA-3¢; reverse primer, 5¢-AGAGGAGAGTTAGAGCCTTACAAGAAGGGTCCAAAGA-3¢). The PCRproduct ... primers ﬂanking 100 bp upstream of the ﬁrstORF and 100 bp downstream of the third ORF (forwardprimer, 5¢-GGATGAGCTCTATACTCACATCTTGAGC-3¢; reverse primer, 5¢-TTGTGGGCCCAACCAATCTATGAAGAATT-3¢). The ... whereas enzymes withmore neutral pH optima have an aspartic acid at thisposition. For the latter type of enzyme, it has beenshown that mutation of aspartic acid to asparagineleads to a drastic...

Báo cáo khóa học: Assembly of the silk ﬁbroin elementary unit in endoplasmic reticulum and a role of L-chain for protection of a1,2-mannose residues in N-linked oligosaccharide chains of ﬁbrohexamerin/P25 ppt

... Inoue1,2,*, Kazunori Tanaka1, Hiromitsu Tanaka2, Kohei Ohtomo1, Toshio Kanda2,Morikazu Imamura2, Guo-Xing Quan2, Katsura Kojima2, Tetsuro Yamashita3, Tasuku Nakajima4,Hideharu Taira3, ... 2).DiscussionBiological signiﬁcance of the assembly of the elementary unit of ﬁbroin in ERIt was demonstrated in this study that the elementaryunit of ﬁbroin, having the same molar ratio of H- and L-chains, and ... integral structure of the elementary unit of ﬁbroin.AcknowledgementsWe thank Kazuko Seo and Hiroko Yamazaki, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, for technical assistance, and Dr MasahiroTomita...

Báo cáo khoa học: Characterization of the molten globule state of retinol-binding protein using a molecular dynamics simulation approach ppt

... and H and part of strand A have b-strand populations greaterthan 0.9. A persistent section comprising the centralregions of strands B, C and D together with part of strand A in b-sheet 1, and ... on the basis of their RMSD values. Conformers in group 1 have anRMSD less than 4 A ˚ and an Rgless than 16.5 A ˚.Group 2 conformers have an RMSD in the range4–7 A ˚ and an Rgin the range ... of the b-strands beinginvolved in both of the sheets. The ﬁrst sheet consists of strands ABCDEF, and the second sheet containsstrands EFGHA (Fig. 2). The native structure alsocontains an a- helix...

Báo cáo Y học: A polymer with a backbone of 3-deoxy-D-glycero -D-galacto -non-2ulopyranosonic acid, a teichuronic acid, and a b-glucosylated ribitol teichoic acid in the cell wall of plant pathogenic Streptomyces sp. VKM Ac-2124 pdf

... Wsoftware [13]. Three topologies wereevaluated by bootstrap analysis of the sequence data withthesamesoftware.To evaluate the pathogenic activity of the strain, the aseptically cultured potato ... internal standard, and 80% H3PO4as the external standard for31PNMR.Pre-saturation of the HDO signal (1 s) was used in the accumu-lation of the 1H NMR spectra. Two-dimensional spectrawere ... peptidoglycan and aresituated between other cell wall layers and at the cell surface.They impart a negative charge to the cell surface, which isessential for the physiological functioning of the...

Đề tài " The subconvexity problem for Rankin-Selberg L-functions and equidistribution of Heegner points " ppt

... the Insti-tute for Advanced Study (during the academic year 1999–2000 and the ﬁrstsemester of 2000–2001), the Mathematics Department of Caltech (in April2001), and the American Institute of ... use the right-hand side of (1.8) and would evaluate the ampliﬁed mean square of partial sums of the formnλf(n)τ(n)W(n),1See also [H] for a slightly weaker bound, and [CPSS] for another ... Zhang and D. Ramakrishnan for several discussionsrelated to the equidistribution problem for Heegner points and my colleagues and friends E. Kowalski and J. Vanderkam with whom I began a fairly...

Báo cáo khoa học: Crystal structure of the second PDZ domain of SAP97 in complex with a GluR-A C-terminal peptide ppt

... unit, each with a typical PDZ domain folding topology with sixb-strands (bAtobF) and two a- helices (aA and aB)(Fig. 4). The structure of the C378G variant of SAP97PDZ2was practically identical ... of SAP97PDZ2. The free carboxylate group and the aliphatic side chain of the C-terminal leucine (Leu907), and the hydroxyl group of Thr905 of the GluR -A peptide are engaged in essential class ... 890–907) of GluR -A and of twovariant PDZ2 domains in unliganded state at 1.8–2.44 A ˚resolutions.SAP97PDZ2folds to a compact globular domain comprising six b-strands and two a- helices, a typical...

Báo cáo khoa học: The histidine-phosphocarrier protein of Streptomyces coelicolor folds by a partially folded species at low pH ppt

... HPr was largelyenhanced and the maxima wavelength appeared at 482 nm(Fig. 1B). As the pH was increased, the spectra intensity wasreduced and the maxima wavelength shifted towards528 nm. These ... Gram-positiveactinomycetes which grow on a variety of carbon sources,such as cellulose and many monosaccharides and disaccha-rides. They are the source of approximately two-thirds of allnatural ... chromatography) used (Fig. 8), and reversible foreither folding and unfolding (data not shown). (c) The ratio of the van’t Hoff enthalpy of denaturation and the calorimetric enthalpy obtained...

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