y: Gia tri gia tang binh quan,
3.4.2.1.3. Hoan thien he thong ccrsdha tdng
a. He thong giao thong dudng bo
He thong giao thong thuan tien se tao dieu kien cho viec giao luu trao ddi hang hoa, giam chi phf san xuat, gop phan nang cao chat luong san pham. Trong thdi gian tdi. huyen can tiep tuc hoan thien va nang cap he thong giao thong, sira chua nhung
doan dudng lay loi, xuong cap, md rong doi vdi nhung doan dudng hep, doc. Mat khac, dudng lien xom, lien thdn cung can nang cap, md rong vi nhung doan dudng
nay la cAu noi true tiep tu trang trai den cac cho, trung tam xa. I). He thong dien
Trong nhung nam gan day, Nha nude thong qua huyen da dau tu nhieu km dudng dien cho cac xa, gom ca tram bien ap. dieu nay khong chi cd y nghla doi vdi ddi song ma ca trong san xuat ciia ngudi dan. Tuy nhien, thuc trang chung la xa da cd dien nhung luong dien van con yeu, chap chon anh hudng den hoat dong san xuat ciia trang trai. Do dd, trudc mat huyen can hoan thien he thong dien den tat ca cac thdn, xom con lai trong huyen, nang cap he thong dien, xay dung them tram bien ap d nhirng noi can thiet nham tang luong va chat ciia he thong dien trong pham vi toan huyen.
c. Ndng cap va Iwan thien he thong thong tin lien lac
Khi kinh te trang trai cang phat trien, mire do tiep can thi trudng cang nhieu. Do dd, can yeu cau ve luong thong tin cang ldn, nhat la thong tin ve san xuat, gia ca thj trudng. Do vay, trong thdi gian tdi huyen can thuc day viec phu song truyen thanh ciia huyen trong pham vi toan huyen de nhan dan ndi chung va cac trang trai ndi rieng nam bat duoc nhung thong tin ve gia ca thi trudng d dia phuong, gidi thieu cac loai hinh san xuat dat hieu qua, dien hinh tien tien de nhan
dan den tham quan hoc tap, ap dung theo vi “tram nghe khong bang mot thay".
d. N dng cap, m d ro n g he thong thuy lai
De tang nhanh sd dien tich trdng lua mot vu con lai tren dja ban huyen
thanh dien tich 2 vu, timg budc hoan thien cac cong trinh thuy loi nhat la viec kien
cd hoa kenh rnuong, xay dung them nhieu dap, phai dap de cd the giu duoc nude vao thdi gian han han hoac vao miia kho. Nang cap, nao vet he thong dan nude chua duoc kien cd hoa. Cac cong trinh nude sinh hoat cung phai duoc chu trong de dam bao sure khoe cho nhan dan trong huyen. de nhan dan cd the yen tam san xuat
3.4.2.1.4. Thuc day hap tac gii?a cac trang trai
Kinh nghiem nhieu nude tren the gidi cho tha'y: de tang them sire manh va cd kha nang ddi phd lai sue ep kinh te ciia thanh thj, cac trang trai da timg budc
lien ket lai tren nhi£u ITnh vuc: lam dat, thuy lgi, che bien. Vi, lien ket se la c a sd de giam chi phf san xuat, tang nang suat lao dong, ha gia thanh san pham.
Do vay, trong thdi gian tdi, huyen cung vdi cac td chuc cd lien quan nhu lien minh cac hgp tac xa, tram khuyen nong, hoi ndng dan cd nhung chmh sach iru tien, khuyen khich cac trang trai hgp tac vdi nhau d6 hd trg nhau phat trien, cac trang trai hgp tac vdi cac td chuc thu mua, che bien nong san tang kha nang canh tren thi trudng.
3.4.2.1.5. Tang cudng va cung c d cong tac khuyen ndng
a. Tdng cudng cung c d cac hoa! dong khuyen ndng
Tang cudng, da dang noi dung hoat dong cua cong tac khuyen ndng: khong chi bd hep trong viec dua cay, con mdi ve, hudng dan ky thuat la xong ma quan trong han la tang cudng kien thuc ve thi trudng, kien thuc ve canh tac ben vung..., than trong trong viec pho bien ky thuat, tranh dung nhung tu ky thuat, tir ehuyen mon ma nen don gian hoa tu ngu giup ngudi dan d£ hidu.
b. Cung co doi ngu can bo 1dm cong tac khuyen ndng
Can bo khuyen ndng phai dugc chon loc ky cang, phai la ngudi khiem ton, cd kien thuc thuc te, cd kha nang giao tiep, khong tu lgi, cay con dua cho trang trai phai cd ngudn goc ro rang. Ben canh dd, can nam bat dugc nhu cau, nguyen vong cua cac trang trai de hoat dong khuyen ndng dugc thiet thuc va hieu qua. Song song vdi dd la to chtfc mang ludi khuyen ndng thdn ban de hd trg cho lie thong khuyen ndng, tien den xa hoi hoa cong tac khuyen ndng.
3.4.2.1.6 . Gidi phap ve von
Von la ngudn quan trong trong phat trien trang trai. Qua dieu tra cho thay, hien nay du trang trai da tfch luy dugc sd von tuong ddi ldn nhung lugng von nay thudng nam trong tai san cd djnh cua trang trai chiem den 65%, von lull dong thudng cd it va khong thanh mon.
Do vay. nha nude can danh ngudn von tin dung uu dai cho vung phat trien chan nudi, gia cam, vay von dau tu trang thiet bj may moc hien dai. Von vay cd thdi gian phu hgp vdi chu ky cua cay, con, vdi lai suat iru dai cho cac
irang trai, thu tuc can nhanh gon han bai cac trang trai co von, co tai san nen khong so khong thu lai duoc von.
Vay von duoc nhung viec su dung von vay nhu the nao cho co hieu qua lai cang kho han, cho nen can phai co doi ngu can bo huong dan chu trang trai lap cac du an kha thi de! phat trien trang trai cua minh. Can co su phoi hop chat che giua to chirc khuyen nong, khuyen lam va cac td churc cho vay trong viec huong dan su dung dong von co hieu qua, cac to chuc cho vay phai thudng xuyen kiem tra. khac phuc nhung kho khan dam bao san xuat phat trien tao dieu kien thu hoi von duoc thuan tien.
Trang trai co ke hoach sir dung nhung bien phap de! huy dong duoc nhieu nguon von khac nhau: ngoai ngan hang can tan dung nhung ngudn von khac nhu: ban be, ho hang, cac to churc, hoi, doan the, thuc hien hinh thurc co sd kinh doanh thu mua, co sd che bien ung trudc von cho trang trai san xuat sau dd thu mua san pham cua trang trai.
3.4.2.2. Gidi pha p cu the ddi vdi tirng trang trqi
G idi phap c h u n s : Qua phan tich thuc trang va ket qua chay ham san xuat cho thay giai phap chung cho cac trang trai tren dia ban huyen Bac Quang bao gom nhung giai phap sau day:
3.4.2.2.1. Dao tao ky tliuqt san xuat, ky nang tiep thi cho chu trang trqi
Vdi thuc te la cd den 80% chu trang trai chua duoc dao tao thi day la giai phap can thiet de cd the’ phat trien duoc cac trang trai tren dja ban huyen Bac Quang. Vi vay, dao tao trinh do ehuyen mon phai di trudc mot budc nham giup cho chu trang trai cd nhirng kien thu'c can thiet de quan ly trang trai. Dao tao d day bao gom: Dao tao ve ky thuat chan nudi nhat la chan nudi gia cam, Ion nai,
sir dung thuoc tiem phong dung quy trinh ky thuat, dung ham luong. Dao tao v6
ky thuat trdng trot chu yeu la viec chon duoc giong cay trdng tot, quy trinh bon phan dung cach. dung thdi diem, ky thuat trdng va cham soc cac loai cay an qua, cay cong nghiep: che canh, ky thuat sir dung thuoc trir sau: nhan biet cay bi
nhi6m sau, loai sau bj nhiem, sir dung thuoc nao la hop ly, khi nao sir dung se cd tac
(lung cao nhat, cach bao quan nong san... Dao tao ve ky nang tiep thj, ban san pham. cac hinh thuc quang cao, cac ky nang khac ve marketing.
3-4.2.2.2. Dao tgo kien thifc quan ly cho chu trang trqi
Dao tao trinh do quan ly cho chu trang trai hay cach to chirc san xuat trong trang trai la giai phap quan trong trong nhom nhung giai phap cu the doi voi tirng trang trai, vi thong qua do se trang bj cho nguoi chii trang trai nhung each thuc, budc di dung hudng nham luong trudc duoc nhung riii ro cd the gap phai trong qua trinh khoi su xay dung trang trai ciia minh. Khong nhung the, no con giup cho nhirng chu trang trai dang quan ly trang trai ciia minh xay dung diroc ke hoach san xuat cd tmh kha thi va phii hop vdi ngudn luc ma trang trai cd the cd. Giai phap bao gdm:
a. Chon loai hinh trang trai, lap quy hoach san xuat :
♦ Chon loai hinh trang trqi: de chon duoc trang trai phii hop thi phai can cur vao:
y Dieu kien tu nhien: can cu vao thdi tiet, dja hinh, tho nhudng, ngudn nude
tai khu vuc dinh lam trang trai.
> Ngudn von: von tu cd bao nhieu, con thieu bao nhieu, vay ngan hang hay vay tir cac chuong trinh du an dang thuc hien tai dja phuong.
> Ngudn lao dong: Sd lao dong ciia gia dinh cd dii de thuc hien cac cong viec trong trang trai hay khong, neu khong thi thue lao dong nhu the nao: thue thudng xuyen hay thue theo thdi vu, yeu cau lao dong nhu the nao.
> Kha nang tieu thu san pham: san pham cua trang trai lam ra cd kha nang tieu thu khong: cd nha may che bien, cd nam trong vung quy hoach san pham dd khong...
> Sd trudng kinh doanh cua chii trang trai: ehuyen mon cua chu trang trai thuoc ITnh vuc nao.
♦ Lap so' do quy hoach san xuat
> Quy hoach ve trdng trot: can cu vao dja diem, tmh chat ciia dat dai ciia mdi trang trai tir dd bo tri co cau cay trdng hop ly, thuan tien ddi vdi sinh trudng
cua tirng loai cay, thuan lien cham soc, giam cong van ehuyen khi bon phan
cu n g nhir thu hoach.
K Quy hoach ve chan nuoi: can cuf vao dieu kien chuong trai, ao ho cu the tir do xac dinh loai vat nuoi, so luong bao nhieu la phu hop nhat, chu ky khai thac cua tung loai, chu ehuyen dan vat nuoi nhu the nao. Thiet ke, xir ly phan, rac thai, khu bao quan va che bien thuc an.
K Bo tri hai hoa giua dat 6 va dat san xuat, chuong trai chan nuoi, vuon, dudng di... vira tao su hop ly trong viec san xuat vua tao ra canh quan mdi trudng xanh, sach, dep.
b. Xay dung ke hoach san xuat:
Xay dung ke hoach san xuat trong trdng trot va chan nudi giup cho chu trang trai dieu hanh toan bo cac hoat dong san xuat mot cac chat che va cd ke hoach, bd tri luc luong va thdi gian lao dong cd loi nhat. Xay dung ke hoach san xuat bao gdm nhung khau cong viec sau:
♦ Chi tieu san xual:
> Vdi cac loai cay trdng: the hien day du cac cong viec cua nganh san xuat nay trong mot nam, tu dd giup cho chu trang trai dieu khien, thuc hien cong tac chu dong, kip thdi, tranh chong cheo cong viec va dam bao hieu qua san xua't cao doi vdi toan bo cac cong viec san xua't theo ke hoach. Bao gdm: thdi vu gieo trdng, dien tfch, loai cay trdng, giong va du kien nang suat cua tung loai cu the.
> Cac loai vat nudi: the hien cac cong viec cu the, cac giai doan trong mot chu ky chan nudi va dam bao goi tiep, chu ehuyen dan gia sue theo ke hoach