y: Gia tri gia tang binh quan,
3.3. NHUNG THUAN LOI VA KHO KHAN KHI PHAT TRIEN KINH TE TRANG TRAI 6 HUYEN BAC QUANG
Qua viec tim hieu, nghien ciru cac trang trai tai Bac Quang cho thay trang trai d day co nhung thuan loi co ban sau day:
■ Trudc het, Bac Quang co dien tich dat nong lam nghiep Ion thuan loi cho viec phat trien cac trang trai gop phan giai quyet viec lam, tang thu nhap cho ho.
■ Chinh quyen dia phuong ma true tiep la Phong NN & PTNT quan tam va co nhieu chuong trinh, du an h6 tro ca ve vat chat lan ky thuat tao dieu kien cho cac ho lam kinh te trang trai yen tam phat trien san xuat.
■ Hien nay, Dang va nha nude rat quan tam den viec phat trien mien nui dac biet la he thong co so ha tang. Do vay, trong thdi gian gan day co sd ha tang dien, dudng trong huyen ngay cang duoc hoan thien, nang cap tao dieu kien de thuc day luu thong hang hoa san xuat phat trien.
■ Binh qimn dien tich dat tren mot trang trai tuong ddi ldn (tu 3 den 5 ha), neu biet each khai thac tot, ap dung khoa hoc ky thuat thfch hop, tham canh, da dang hoa he thong cay trdng, vat nudi se dem lai hieu qua kinh te cao.
■ Cac thanh vien trong trang trai deu can cu, chiu kho trong cong viec, doan ket de cung nhau xay dung trang trai phat trien. Chu trang trai la ngudi cd dau oc tmh toan, dam chiu mao hiem de gay dung trang trai.
■ Trang trai cd nhieu co hoi giao luu, hoc hoi kinh nghiem ve ky thuat, kien thu'c ve quan ly. Kinh nghiem v6 thi trudng duoc nang len, cd nhieu co hoi de tieu thu san phaim trong tinh, trong nude cung nhu xuat khau.
Tuy da cd nhung khoi sac dang ke tir sau khi cd Nghj quyet 10 cua Bo Chmh tri va Nghi quyet Trung uong Dang lan thir VI khoa 4, tuy vay ddng thdi vdi sir phat trien kinh te trang trai d viing nghien ciru con boc lo mot sd nhung kho khan can duoc nghien cun va khac phuc. Qua bang sd lieu dieu tra, cho thay nhung kho khan sau tac dong true tiep den san xuat ciia cac trang trai viing nghien cuu:
■ Kho khan ve ky thugI cd 85% so trang trai can duoc trang bi ve ky thuat, nhat la ky thuat ve chan nuoi. Phan Ion chu trang trai khong duoc b6i dudng ve ky thuat chan nuoi chiem den 76,35% trong tdng so trang trai dieu tra.
■ Dau ra cho san pham, co 6 8% so trang trai thay dau ra cho san pham nhat la san pham hoa qua gap nhieu kho khan nhu : cam. vai, che boi gia san pham co luc chi du von ma trang trai da bo ra de san xuat.
•V o n dau tu san xua't: cac trang trai deu muon md rong them quy md san xuat tuy nhien lai khong cd du von, cd 64% sd trang trai muon vay von de dau tu vao san xuat vdi lai xuat thap tu 4%% den 4.5%
■Kho khan ve giong cay, con: vdi nhung giong hien cd cho nang suat khong cao, cham ldn, khong con phu hop nen cd 52% sd cac trang trai cho rang can phai thay nhung giong hien cd: Ion, ga, giong cay an qua, cay cong nghiep, cay luong thuc, cay mau.
■Kho khan ve ccf set hg tang: tuy da duoc quan tam nhieu nhung chung dd van chua du de tao dieu kien thuan loi cho kinh te trang trai phat trien. Nhieu trang trai van chua cd dien, dudng o td van chua den duoc vdi trang trai hoac dudng lay loi. hep, kho di, dudng bi pha hong do xe o td, xe trau. Hien con 23 trang trai thay kho khan trong viec van ehuyen, sir dung may moc vao san xuat do co sd ha tang khong thuan tien, dieu nay se day chi phi len cao, kirn ham viec tiep can thi trudng nong dan, nhung san pham tuoi song se khong khong tieu thu duoc.
■ Kho klidn ve lao dong: chat luong lao dong con thap. chii yeu thfch hop vdi nhung cong viec chan tay, lao dong chua cd trinh do ky thuat, trinh do van hoa con thap. Mot sd trang trai hien nay van con thieu lao dong, viec thue lao dong ddi khi gap kho khan.
■ Klio khan ve thong tin lien Igc: kho khan nay cung bat nguon tir co sd ha tang kem phat trien. Khong cd dien thi ft thu thap duoc thong tin nhat la thong tin qua ti vi. dudng kho di thi khong nam bat duoc thong tin mdi tren thi trudng nhat la nhung thong tin tai thi trudng dia phuong, ngay ca nhung thong tin tir can bo khuyen nong.
•K h o khan ve dich benh: dich benh anh hudng true tiep den ket qua san xuat va hieu qua kinh te cua trang trai do vay co nhieu trang trai chua dam bo von dau tu do chua nam bat duoc ky thuat, nhat la ky thuat chan nuoi. Co 21 trang trai lo so ve dich benh chiem 54%.
•A n ninh trong trang trai: viec phat trien kinh te trang trai giup cho moi quan he lang gieng trong nong thon duoc gan ket hon, nhung ben canh do van
con mot bo phan nho nhung ke an khong ngoi r6i, ghen an tuc 6 da pha hoai
trang trai cua nguoi khac, anh hudng ldn den toe do phat trien kinh te trang trai, cd 6 trang trai coi day la mdi lo cho trang trai cua minh vi ho da ft nhat mot lan bi nhung ke nhu the nay la hai.
•K h o khan ve phan b on, thitc dn: la nhung dau vao quan trong cho san xuat, tuy nhien hien nay tren thi trudng cd nhung loai phan bon gia, thu'c an cd tron I5n soi, da nham thu loi lam cho san xuat cua nhan dan trong huyen ndi chung, cac trang trai ndi rieng ngan ngai dau tu vao san xuat, gay thiet hai cho ngudi dan.