Ban do khai niem,
lop 4-8 4 0,91 32
Nesbit & Adesope,
2006 Ban do khai niem,
lop 9-12 7 0,17 7
£)Stcauh6i
cau hdi la mot khia canh quan trong khac ciia cac chien thuat v i md. Bang 2.5 dua ra nhung ket qua nghien cdu ve viec dat cau hdi ndi chung.
Nghien cdu cua Redfield va Rousseau (1981) dac biet thich hop vdi phSn thao luan nay vi no đi chiéu hieu qua cua cac cau hdi đi hdi kha nang tu duy cao vdi cac cau hdi đi hdi kha nang tu duy thap. Cac nha nghien cdu ket luan rang "cac ket qua cua sieu phan tich nay cho thay mot hieu qua tdng the tich cue (+.7292) trong viec sir dung cac cau hdi đi hdi kha nang t u duy cao trong Idp hoc" (1981, tr. 243). Hp ciing luu y rang ket qua nay trai vdi nghien cuu trudc do cua Winne (1979).
Cac cau hdi cd tinh suy luan yeu ciw hoc sinh chi tiet them nhung thdng tin ma hp da trai nghiem (xem Reder, 1980). Cau hdi suy luan dac biet cd hieu qua la cac "chat van t i m i " (Ozgungor & Guthrie, 2004). Chat vah ti m i dupe md ta la nhung cau hdi vdi muc dich co ban la: Tai sao dieu do la dung? (Pressley va nhung ngudi khac, 1992; Willoughby & Wood, 1994). Fishbein, Eckart, Lauver, Van Leeuwen va Langmeyer (1990) nhan thay rang cac cau hdi loai nay cd the giup phat trien rd ret sir linh hdi ciia hpc sinh.
Bang 2.5. Cac ket qua nghien culU ve cau hdi
Nghien cuU tdng hop Trong tSm So he so anh hirdng He so tac dong trung binh Phan vi dat duoc
^5teld&Rosseau,1981 Cau hoi 7 0,76 28
J'Vise&Okey,1983 Cau hoi 11 0,56 21
J;*amakê Cau hoi 100 0,75 27
Nghien culU
tong hop Trong tarn
SohesS' cinh hudng He so tac dong trung binh PhSn v| dat duWc Guzzetti va nhung ngiioi
khac.,1993 Cau hoi 11 0,80 29
Walberg,1999 Cau hoi 14 0,26 10