khi la KOH.
2A1 + 2K0H + 2H2O > 2KAIO2 + 3H2
CbnlaiiaKCl.
Phan djng va phuong phAp giai H6a hpc 11 VP ca ^ D 6 Xuan Hang . -
Bai 7. K i m loai Cu thtfdng c6 Ian mot It Ag iiim loaị Hay tnnh bay hai phufcJng phap dieu chd' CuCNOs): tinh khiet tif loai Cu noi tren. Viet cac phu-dng tnnh phan tfng.
(TSDH N}ioa i thumf^)
Gidi
PhiTdngphap 1:
Cho dung dich HNO3 dam dSc vao hon help Cu c6 Ian Ag tháy c6 khi mau nau bay rạ
Cu + 4 H N O 3 > Cu(N03)2 + 2N02t + 2H2O
A g + 2HNO3 > AgN03 + NOjt + H2O
Cho Cu vao dung djch thu diTdc gom Cu(N03)2 va AgNOj c6 phiin vfng xay rạ Cu + 2AgN03 > Cu(N03)2 + 2 A g i
Loc ket tua thu diTcJc Cu(N03)2 tinh khiet.
* PhiTdng ph^p 2 : Dem hon hdp Cu c6 Ian Ag dot chay thi chi c6 Cu chay 2Cu + 0 2 - ^ 2CuO
Hon hdp sau khi chay gom Ag va CuO, cho dung dich HCl vao thi CuO tan trong H C l c6n lai A g khong tan.
CuO + 2HC1 > CuCh + H2O
LOG bo ket tua A g sau 66 cho dung dich AgNOs vao thu du^dc dung dich
Cu(N03)2 va ket tua trang AgCl.
CuCl2 + 2AgN03 > Cu(N03)2 + 2 A g C l l
Loc bo AgCl thi thu dúcJc Cu(N03)2 tinh khiet.
Bai 8. Chi dilng them Cu va mot muoi tiiy chpn hay nhan biét cac dung dich axit sau: H2SO4 dSc, HCl, H3PO4 va HNO3.
Gidi
Cho Cu vao tijrng mau thuf:
- Mau c6 khi thoat ra hoa nau ngoai khong khi la dung djch HNO3. 3Cu + 8HNO3 > 3Cu(N03)2 + 2 N 0 + 4H2O
2 N 0 + O2 > 2NO2
- M a u CO khi mui h^c thoit ra, c6 dung dich xanh lam tao ra la dung djch
H2SO4 dac.
Cu + 2H2S04dr.c CUSO4 + S O i t + 2H2O
Con lai la HCl va H3PO4.
* Cho dung dich AgNOs vao hai hi thuf con laị - M a u nao co ket tiia trang / ' Mat Men la HCl.
HCl + A g N O j >AgCl-! 03
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Mau CO kc't tua vang Ag3P04 la H3PO4. H3PO4 + 3AgN03 — ^ Ag3P04>l + 3HNO3.
p ^ l 9. Chi diing mot axit thong dung va mot bazd thong dung hay phan bict ba hcJp kim sau :
a) Cu - Ag b) Cu - A l c) Cu - Zn.
Viet cac phúdng trinh phan iJng xay rạ
(DHQGTP.HCM) Gidi Gidi
* Dilng axit la dung dich HCl, bazd lii dung dich-NH3.
_ Cho dung dich HCl Ian lu^dt vao ba hdp kim tren, mau hdp kim nao khong tan la Cu - A g , hai mau hdp kim con lai tan mot phan va siii bot khị
2A1 + 6HC1 > 2AICI3 + 3H2t
Zn + 2HC1 > ZnCl2 + Hjt
- Sau do cho tiep dung dich NH3 Ian lúdt den du" vao hai dung dich thu dúdc : Dung dich nao cho ket tua va khong tan trong dung dich NH3 diT la mau Cu - AỊ
AICI3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O > Al(0H) 3 i + 3NH4CI
Dung dich nao cho két tua va tan dan trong dung dich NH3 dtfla mau Cu - Zn.
ZnCl2 + 2NH3 + 2H2O > Zn(0H)2i + 2NH4CI
Zn(0H)2 + 4NH3 > [Zn(NH3)4]^^ + 20H-.
Bai 10. Hay trinh bay sd do tach N2 va CO2 ra khoi hon hdp gom cac khi CO,,
N2, O2, CO va hdi n\idc. Viet cdc phifdng trinh (neu c6).
Gidi Hon hdp khi li) (hiil H,0) -> 2P2O5 4P + 5O2 - CuO + CO Cu + CO2
CO2 + Că0H)2 > C a C 0 3 i + H2O
CaC03 CaO + C 0 2 t .
Bai 11. C o bo'n goi hot m a u Ir^ng : B a O , K 2 O , Si02, P2OS. Chi dung niTdc hay nhan bicl bon goi bot Iren.
Gidi
* Cho bón goi bot vao bón cóc.
* SaudochonÚdclaniirmvaoboncoc. Coc nao khong tan lii Si02. Coc nao khong tan lii Si02.
Ba coc con isii tan tao thanh ba dung dich Ba(0H)2, KOH, H3PO4.
BaƠ H2O >BăOH)2 K 2 O + H2O >2K0H K 2 O + H2O >2K0H
P2O5 + 3H2O > 2H3PO4
* Tron cac dung djch thu diTdc vdi nhau tuTng d6i mot.
Mau nao c6 kél tua thi m a u axit la H2PO4, m?iu dung dich bazd la Bă0H)2,
c6n lai Ih KOH.
Vay mau axit H3PO4 ihi m a u ban dau la P2O5, m a u bazd Bă0H)2 thl mau ban dau m BaO, m a u con lai la KOH thi m a u ban dau lii K2Ọ ban dau m BaO, m a u con lai la KOH thi m a u ban dau lii K2Ọ
2H3PO4 + 3BăOH)2 > Ba3(P04)2i + 6H2O H3PO4 + 3K0H — > K3PO4 + 3H2Ọ H3PO4 + 3K0H — > K3PO4 + 3H2Ọ
Bai 12. Lam the n^o de nhan biet cac ion sau : CP, NO3, Ap"^ va NH4 trong mpi
dung dich.
Gidi
* Cho dung djch NaOH vao dung djch chiJa bón ion tren. - Thay c6 khi miii khai bay ra thi do la ion NH4 - Thay c6 khi miii khai bay ra thi do la ion NH4
N H; + OH" > NH3t + H2O
- Tháy tao thtlnh ket lua keo trang tan trong OH' dxX thi do la ion Al^"".
Al'* + 30H- > Al(0H)3l
A1(0H)3 + O H " > AlO" + 2H2O
Hai ion c6n lai la NO J v^ CI".
* Cho dung dich H2SO4 loang v^o dung dich, sau do cho them mot it vun dong v^o tháy c6 khi NO bay ra khong mau hoa nau ngoai khong khi 1^ ion NO3 . v^o tháy c6 khi NO bay ra khong mau hoa nau ngoai khong khi 1^ ion NO3 .
3Cu + 8H* + 2NO3- > Cu^* + 2N0t + 4H2O
2N0 + O2 > 2NO2
* Cho dung dich AgNOs \ k o dung djch ihafy tao ket tOa trang thi đ la ion CÍ.
Ag* + Cr > AgClị
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K H A W T f i vurr D a n a 4. B a i t p p N2, NH3, m u o i a m o n i
iki 1. Cho 0,448 lit khi NH3 (dktc) di qua ong sif difng 16 gam CuO nung nong,
I thu du^cJc chát ran X (gia phan iJng xiiy ra hoan toiin). Tinh phan triim khoi Itfdng cua cac chat trong hon hdp X.