D. Cic dungdich A1(N03)3 FeCU, NaHS04 deu c6pH < 7.
Tinh chat hoa hoc:
+ Tinh axit: Lam quy tim h6a do, tac dung vdi oxit bazcf, bazd, muoi cua axit yeu hdn tao ra muoi nitrat. yeu hdn tao ra muoi nitrat.
+ Tinh oxi hoa :
- Tac dung vdi kim loai (trir Au va Pt)
Cu + 4HN03j.^. > Cu(N03)2 + 2NO2 t + 2H2O
Chu y : Fe va Al bj thu dong h o a trong dung dich HNO3 dac, nguoị - Tac dung vdi phi kim : - Tac dung vdi phi kim :
S + 6HN03j.^, > H2SO4 + 6NO2T + 2H2O
- Tac dung vdi hdp chát:
3H2S + 2HN03,,,,„^ > 3S + 2NO + 4H2O
* Dieu che :
+ Trong phong thi nghiem :
NaN03 + H2SO4 HNO3 + NaHS04
+ Trong cong nghiep (qua ba giai dotin) NH3 -> NO -> NO2 - > HNO3. NH3 -> NO -> NO2 - > HNO3.
2. MuS'i n i t r a t (muoi cua axit nitric)
Deu de tan trong niTdc va la chat dien li manh.
+ Phan iJng nhiet phan :
) M(N02)„+02t
M(N03)„ ) M2O,, +N02t +
) M + N02t + 02t
+ Nhan biet ion NO3 :
Cho them mpt it vun dong v^ dung dich H2SO4 loang roi dun nong nhe hon
h0p -> dung dich mau xanh, khi NO thoat ra bj oxi hoa trong khong khi tao NO2 mau nau dọ NO2 mau nau dọ
3Cu + 8 H ^ + 2NO3 3Cu^^ + 2N0t + 4H2O (dung dich mau xanh) (dung dich mau xanh) 2 N O + O2 > 2NO2 (mau nau do).
IV. PHOTPHO 1s2 2s2 2 p * 3 s ^ 3 p *
* Tinh chat hoa hoc:
+ Tinh oxi hoa : 2P + 3Ca CajPj (canxi photphua) + Tinhkhuf: + Tinhkhuf:
- Vdi oxi: 4P+302dhii<u) — ^ 2P,03
4P +502(d.) — ^ 2P2O5
- Vdiclo: 2P + 3Cl2(,hic<u) — ^ 2 P C I 3
2P +5Cl2(da) 2 P C I 5
+ Tdc dung vdi hdp chát:
6 P + 5 K C I O 3 — ^ 3P2O5 + 5KC1
* San xudt: Trong cong nghiep, P diTdc san xuát bling each nung hon hdp
quang photphorit, cdt va than coc d 1200"C trong 16 dỉn.
Ca3(P04)2 + 3Si02 + 5 C SCaSiOj + 2P + SCỌ