4. Ve phong each hoe
4.5.Ve hien tugng danh ngu' hoa
Xel vc mal phcMig each, khi doc 42 van ban the ky 18, dc nhan Ihay mdl hien lugng cd lien quan den ngii phap, dd la hien luong danh ngii hoii.
Trong phc1n Ngu phap chung tdi mdi chi de cap dcMi cac lien lir, nen d day cluing ldi ihdy can neu len lirong ddi ky vdn dc danh ngii hoa.
Ccic kci cau danh ngu* ma ngay nay ta van Ihu'dng gap^kicii; cai chci ciia cha ldi, su hy sinh quen minh, su* ciing cd luc lugng, su doan kci giai cap... Ihi lieng Vici hien dai phong phu hon, phdn Idn cac kci cau danh ngfr dugc cau lao lir kci cau chu - vi.
. Kci Ciiu danh ngU trong 42 van bc^n dang xel dugc can Uio ihco
cdng ihirc Su + x (x = ddng lir, ifnh tir). Ddi klii Sir + dai lir chi dinh.
Trii'd'ng hop ihUhai sU lUong duong vdi viec Uoiig lieng Vici hien dai, va
sir (V dciv la mdl danh lir ddc lap chii' khdng phai mdl yeii id cdu lao danh ugir.
Vl du 1- "dy Id sU nang Irong nwdc ndy...'' (VB2)
2- " igy an Difc Chiia Trdi phU ho cho ihdy cd hang an su
l a n h " ( V B 4 )
3- " \ 'gy hai ddng Irdn bgc Id sy' nang qud Ic...." (VFi 6) 4- " Chdng bdng su cam lay xac " (VB 17)
6- "Chung loi Idm cluing sir nay bdng Idng chan^i cd ai ep
Idng "(VB7)
7- "Chung loi la ihieu dong tien cUng sir khac....(VB7)
IVong nhung vi du tren day chi co vf du 4 la danh ngfr c('> cau lao
su + dong lir + b6 ngu, con luyet dai da s6 tmdng hop chi IH SU + dong
tir/ tinh (ir (khong c6 bd ngu). Ngay nay cung co llic kliong cc'i hd ngu,
iihuiig dong (fr khong ihc' la dong tir vdi nghTa cu the' nhir di. an. hoc,...
ma piiai vd] ngiila liiru urong (thudng la tiiTu tuong hoa hang each ghep
ddi) nhu- di hu, di vc, an noi, an mac: su di lai, sir di vc, su an noi, su an
iniic, sir hoc hanh. Ngoai ra Irong nhu'ng kel ca'u danh ngfr IKKI liiudng
c(') dong (ir + 1)6 ngfr.
Ddi vdi Ifnh lir linh hinh cung nhu vay. Ngay nay nguoi i^i IKM: SU nang nc, su yon lanh, sir Inih lang, chiJ khong ndi sir nang, sir lanh, sir linh, sir yen.
Nhung vf dii IrC-n cho thay hien tUOng danh ngu' hoa da idn tai liong lieng Viel kha sdm. Nhdm nghien cuu cho rang eu lieu danii ngO hoii lien day lam Ihanh luan cu' cho tfnh c^p do hoa cua lieng Viel, nhat la Irong lieng Viel hien dai, kel cau danh ngQ' duoc ca'u lao lir kel eau chu
- vi. Do khdng phai la su" md phong ngdn ngu* Chau Au ma ta mdl kci cdu
ciia lieng Vici liiO'ng irng vdi ngu* doan ciia cac tieng Chau Au.
Danh gia chung. Cac van ban dang nghien ciiu ihudc ihc loai ihu lin. Day la ihu lin sir vu. chir khdng phai thu tin linh cam Cci nhan. Cai ldi gan vdi chu ihc phai ngdn, cai ldi ke le, mieu la, cai ldi hicn ngdn chir khdng phiii ccii ldi ini linh. cai ldi iham my. Ldi van rai lu nhicMi. diCn dat
khdng irau chudt. Cac cdu true ngir phap, cac phuong tien lien kei ngheo nan, ludn ludn lap.
Vc phuofng dicn phong each hoc, cdn khang dinh mdl diCu: Day la bieu hien ddu lien ciia the loai thu tfn. Nd bao hieu tiem nang ciia lieng Viet trong vice dien dat tu duy phan tich Chau Au. Cac biic ihu ciing du bao mot nen van xudi Vict Nam dang hinh thanh. Chung la nhung lu lieu quy dc nghien ciiu lich sir van ban hoc, phong each hoc lieng Vici.
IV. KI^^ LUAN
De tai da lap hgp mot lire hrgng dii manh dc khai ihac cac van ban the ky 18 vc mat ngdn ngir: 3 giao su, I phd giao su, 6 cir nhan, long cdng la 10 nguiti, lai ca deu thuoc chuyen mdn ngdn ngir hoc. Chung tdi nghien cu'u cac van ban tren 4 blnh dicn: Ngir am hoc, Tir vung hoc, Ngir phcip hoc Vci Phong each hoc.
Cac cdng liinh ciia 4 nhdm cung cap dugc nhirng ihdng lin rai quy vdi sd lieu thdng kc rat cu the, den lirng am, lii'ng lir, lii'ng hicn tugng, cho phep cac nhii nghien ci'ru hch sir lieng Vict hinh dung dugc su lien hoa ciia ngdn ngu chiing ta. Trong mdl bao cao long kci nhu ihc Uciy khd long tdm tai Vci neu ICMI mdt each dfiy dii gia Iri ciia nhirng ihdng lin lien.
Tlidng qua nhirng cdng tiinh tap the ciia cac nhdm nghien tren dai thd, chiing ta cd the biei dugc:
- Tir dien bien ciia mdt sd dang chir cai den hinh ihiic chfnh la da dang ciia chu qudc ngii the ky 18, sau khi xual hicn d the ky 17 (qua lir dien Viet - Bd - La) va tmdc khi dinh hinh nhu ngay nay.
- Mot sd each phai am cd (phu am, nguyen am) ma ngay nay da
bicn ddi va cdn lai vci lich trong mdt sd lir, nhu "long den, long trang" (ciia con mat) vdi "mdl kinh hai trong"