chinh chi so b it binh dang nen chi so HDI cua nude ta dat 0,572 dilm. Vdi su dilu chinh nay thi chi so HDI nam 2010 khong phu hop de so sanh vdi chi so HDI nhung nam trudc.
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Cung can phai nhan thay rang viec xay dung nhung muc tieu va chien luge phat triln cu th i cho timg linh vuc va trong timg giai doan cua qua trinh doi mod cua Dang va Nha nuac da mang lai nhieu co hoi han cho ngudi dan trong viec tilp can vdi viec lam (nang cao ddi sdng kinh tl), tiep can vdi giao due (nang cao trinh do hgc vin) va tilp can vdi y te (nang cao sue khoe). Ket qua dat dugc tir nhung lmh vuc nay dugc th i hien ro qua dong thai cua cac chi sd kinh te, giao due va tuoi thg.
Hinh 1: Dong thai cua cac chi so GDP, giao due va tuoi thQ tir 1993 den 2007
0.750.55 - 0.55 - 0.35 V P 0,83 0.82 0,815 * --- -- --- 0,612 0,47 0,42 0,49 0,51 0,54 • ‘ ♦ 0.944 — ... ... ...1... ... T . 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 - 1--- — 1 " - r — ---1--- --* 2003 2005 2007 —K' -Chi s6 GDP ' Chi s6 gido dgc ■Chi s6 tu6i thQ
Nguon: Bao cao PTCN cua UNDP qua cac nam tir 1991-2009 (http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports)
Qua dong thai cua cac chi sd thanh phan trong chi sd HDI cho thiy nhung
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thay ddi cua cac chi sd nay qua timg giai doan phat trien. Trong ba chi sd, chi sd
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giao due giu dugc muc diem tren 0,80 tir nam 1995 den nay, muc diem nay cao han nhilu qudc gia cd chi sd HDI xlp d hang phat triln (chi sd nay da gop phan quan trong nang chi sd HDI cua Viet Nam len). Tinh den nam 2007, chi sd GDP binh quan dau ngudi tinh bang USD theo sure mua tuong duang (PPP) va chi sd tudi thg cung cd chilu hudng tang. Vdi su dn dinh va cd chieu hudng tang cua cac chi sd thanh phan da giup cho chi sd HDI cua nude ta nhung nam qua luon cd chieu hudng tang. Tuy nhien, nam 2009 so vdi nam 2007, ngoai trir chi sd tudi thg tang 0,009 dilm, con lai chi sd GDP theo PPP giam 0,028 dim (do kinh t l tang trudng cham) va chi sd giao due giam 0,005 dilm. Day la ly do giai thich tai sao chi sd HDI cua nude ta nam 2009 giam.
1.4.2. Chi so HDI cdn thap va tang cham
Mac du chi so HDI cua nudfc ta co chieu hudng tang song vdn or mu’c tang cham va chi so HDI con or muc thap. Tinh den nay, chi so HDI cua nude ta van dung or nhom nude co chi sd' HDI trung binh. Chi so HDI d nude ta chua thuc su tang trudng nhanh. Nam 1995 nude ta dung a vi tri thti 120/170 trong bang xep hang chi so HDI, den nam 2007, nude ta mdi vucn len dting dugc d vi tri thti 105/177, nhung den nam 2010, nude ta lai dung d vi tri 113/139. Trong giai doan 2001 - 2005, gia tri HDI tang 0,022, trung binh mdi nam tang 0,0044, mire tang nay kha khiem ton. Va vdi mtic tang trudng nhu vay thi ro rang muc tieu “nang cao dang kd chi sd' PTCN” vao nam 2010 len 0,830 nhu trong “Chien luge kinh te - xa hdi giai doan 2006 - 2010” da khdng thuc hien dugc.
Chi sd' HDI cua Viet Nam con ra't tha'p trong vi tri bang xe'p hang so vdi cac nude. Sau hon 20 nam d6i mdi, tuy da co su tie'n bd tren ca ba linh vuc kinh te', giao due, tu6i tho, nhung nude ta van chua dugc dung vao danh sach nhom co chi sd' phat trien kha. Theo bao cao PTCN nam 2010, khu vuc Dong Nam A co 2 qudc gia nlm trong nhom PTCN rdt cao la Singapore - thu 27 (0,846 dilm) va Brunei - thu 37 (0,805 diem); 1 quoc gia nam trong nhom PTCN cao la Malaysia - thu 57 (0,744 dilm); 7 quoc gia nam trong nhom PTCN trung binh la Thai Lan - thu: 92 (0,654), Philippines - thu 97 (0,638 dilm), Indonesia - thu 108 (0,600 dilm), Viet Nam - thu 113 (0,572 dilm), Dong Timor - thu’ 120 (0,502 dilm), Lao - thu 122 (0,497 dilm), Campuchia - thu 124 (0,494 dilm); va cudi cung la Myanmar - thu
132 (0,451 dilm), thuoc nhom PTCN thap.
Nhu vay, so vdi cac quoc gia trong khu vuc, Viet Nam chi dung d vi tri thu 7/11 qudc gia v! chi s6 HDI. Do do, trong nhimg nSm tdi d l co nhung budc tiln v! PTCN trong khu v\rc, ben canh viec nang cao muc song cho ngudi dan thi Viet Nam ckn phai quan tam hon nua den linh vuc van hoa, xa hoi, y te, giao due va tinh ben vung trong bao ve moi trudng.
PHAN 2