Bang 2.4: Suy nghI vS nha hang ti~c cu6i Metropole
2.3. Phan lo~i thang do theo s6 bi~u hifn va d{> chinh xac
han hai lo~i ho~c da b9i. M~t khac, cac biSn s6 li~u ho~c djnh luQTig cfing c6 thS duqc phan lo~i dva tren thang do d9 chinh xac: du li~u rai r~c hay lien t\lC.
2.3.1. Thang do nhi phlin (Binary Variable, Dummy)
M9t biSn luong phan ho~c nhi phan (hay con g9i la biSn gia) chi co thS dam nh~n hai danh mvc c6 ho~c khong. Gia tri 1 duqc gan khi d~c tinh quan tam la c6 va gia tri O duqc gan khi d~c tinh c6 biSu hi~n nguqc l~i.
Vi dv, chung ta c6: nguai hut thu6c (1) va nguai khong hut thu6c (O); m9t nu6c .phat triSn (I) va m9t nu6c kem phat triSn (O); tiem chung b~nh nhan (1) va b~nh nhan khong tiem chung (O); chiSn dich quang cao duqc ch~p nh~n (I) va chi Sn dich quang cao khong duqc ch~p nh~n (O); doanh nghi~p c6 ]qi nhu~n (I) va doanh nghi~p khong c6 ]qi nhu~n (0).
Hai gia tri trong m9t biSn nhi phan, m~c du duqc ma h6a bfulg O va I, thuang duqc coi la thang do dinh danh, c6 nghia la chung d~i di~n cho cac gia tri khac nhau vS d6i tuQTig ma khong thS so sanh duqc. VS m~t nay, du li~u nhi phan cfing tuang tv nhu du li~u phan lo~i nhung khac v6i du li~u dSm ho~c cac lo~i du li~u s6 khac.
Cac ky thu~t phan tich da biSn c6 mvc tieu chinh la xac djnh m9t mo hinh c6 thS giai thich va dv doan hanh vi cua m9t ho~c nhiSu biSn phv thu9c thong qua m9t ho~c nhiSu biSn giai thich. NhiSu ky thu~t c6 thS su dvng dS phan tich, bao g6m phan tich h6i quy dan biSn, h6i quy b9i, h6i quy logistic, ... Trong s6 nhung mo hinh d6, c6 thS duqc ap dvng m9t each d~ dang v6i vi~c SU dvng biSn phv thu9c c6 gia tri nhi phan.
2.3.2. Thang do da bpi (Polychotomous variable)
M9t biSn dinh tinh c6 thS c6 nhiSu han hai lo~i (gia tri cua n6 c6 nhi~u biSu hi~n) va trong truang hqp nay, n6 duqc g9i la thang do da b9i.
Vi dv, chung toi c6 thS d~ c~p dSn cac tftng lap xa h9i (th~p han, trung binh va cao han), v~ trinh d9 h9c v~n (tiSu h9c, trung h9c, d~i h9c, va cao h9c).
2.3.3. Thang do dinh lup-ng rili r(lc
Cac biSn dinh luqng rai r~c la nhung con s6 dSm duqc, c6 thS nh~n m9t t~p hqp huu h~n cac gia tri, thuang dSn tu m9t s6 dSm va c6 gia tri biSu hi~n b~ng cac s6 nguyen khong c6 s6 th~p phan. Ch~ng h~n nhu s6
con trong m<)t gia dinh ( 0, 1, 2 ... ), s6 o to duqc san xufrt trong m<)t nha may nhfrt dinh, s6 san phfim ban ra, s6 nhan vien, s6 ngay trong m<)t nam ...
2.3.4. Thang tlo tlinh lu-{J1lg lien t1.1c
Cac biSn dinh luqng lien t\lC la nhfrng biSn khong dSm duqc, c6 gia
tri c6 th~ lfrp dAy trong m<)t khoang nao do tren tr1;1c s6 (khoang hfru h~n ho~c VO h~n) va la kSt qua tir phep do cac s6 li~u, ching h~ nhu can n~ng, chiSu cao ho~c muc luang cua m<)t ca nhan, nang sufrt lao d<)ng, gia tri san xufrt, chi phi san xufrt, gia thanh san phfim ... T6ng hqp each phan lo~i theo tinh chinh xac th~ hi~n trong hinh 2.2.
BiSn phan lo~i (Dinh tinh)
BiSn s6 (Dinh luqng)
Thang do nhi phan
Thang do da b<)i
Thang do dinh luqng roi r~c
Thang do dinh luqng lien tvc Hinh 2.2: Cac lo~i biSn s6 va cac thang do luang 2.4. Gioi thifu v~ phin m~m th6ng ke SPSS ã
2.4.1. Su lu-(lc vi SPSS
SPSS duqc viSt titt bflng tir tiSng Anh: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. SPSS la m<)t phAn mSm th6ng ke, duqc su d1=1ng trong nghien cuu kinh t~, xa h<)i, tam ly, thi truang, va trong y khoa.
SPSS la phcin mSm chuyen XU ly cac du li~u ca dp va thu dp, cac du li~u djnh tinh va du li~u dinh luqng.
SPSS la phAn mSm XU ly th6ng ke chuyen dvng, tir th6ng ke mo ta ca ban dSn xu ly cac phep th6ng ke chuyen sau (th6ng ke suy lu~n) va dà
Trong nghien cuu khoa h9c SPSS k~t hqp v6i cac phAn m~m khac th\fc hi~n phan tich kiSm dinh va do luong mo hinh ly thuy~t, dua ra cac ham y quan tri, giup nha quan tri ho~c~ djnh cac chi~n luge phat triSn.
IBM' SPSS- Statistics
Version24
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