I. CAU DIEU KIEN
Y nghia cua menh de — ifT hi cua dong tCf Thi cua dong ti^cf d menh de i f menh de hau qua
Khong t h a t o' qua khuf Thi hoan thanh T h i hoan thanh
bang thai each dieu kien
Litu y:
* T h i hoan t h a n h bSng thai each diTtfC chia giong nhi/ t h i qua khuf hoan t h a n h trifc thuyet each: Chu ngi? + had + qua khuf phan tCr.
* T h i hoan t h a n h dieu k i e n du'gfc chia: chu nguf + would /
could/ should / might + have + Qua khuf phan tuf
- The k h a n g dinh:
Vd: I f he had t r i e d to leave the country, he would have been stooped at the frontier.
(Neu hdn da tinh bo nitac ma di, hdn da bi chdn lai d bien gidi.) (nhung h a n da khong tinh.)
- The phii dinh:
Vd: I f the weather hadn't been nice yesterday, I wouldn't
have gone to the park.
B: Yes, I would / No, I wouldn't
(V&ng, toi se I khong, toi se khong).
A: I f they had the money, would they buy a new car? (Neu hp CO tiin, hg se mua mot chiec xe mdi khong?) (Neu hp CO tiin, hg se mua mot chiec xe mdi khong?)
B: Yes, they would/ No, they wouldn't
(Vdng, ho se mua I khong, hg se khong mua)
2. C a c h d u n g
M e n h de dieu k i e n loai hai diftfc dung de d i i n ta mot dieu kien gia dinh.
a) Dieu k i e n gia dinh bdi v i ngiTofi n6i biet rSng dieu ho dang n6i la khong c6 kha nSng hay khong the c6 hoSc trai vdri dang n6i la khong c6 kha nSng hay khong the c6 hoSc trai vdri
s\i that.
V d :
• I'd lend Peter the money i f he needed i t .
(Toi se cho Peter mugn tiin n^u anh ta cdn tiin.)
• I f I were a bird, I^d fly to you.
(N^u toi la chim, toi se bay d^n anh.)
(Khong the dUcfc: toi khong phai la chim)
b) Dieu k i e n c6 the c6 dtfcfc trong ly thuyet nhong khong c6 kha nang trong thifc te. kha nang trong thifc te.
V d : I f I were the president of my country, I ' d abolish taxation.
(N^u toi la tdng thong toi se huy bo viec ddnh thu^).
c) Dieu kien c6 the la mot s\i suy dodn khong the diTtfc
V i du: I f we could travel in time, I'd go back to the Roman era.
(N^u chung ta c6 the di dung liic, chung ta se trd lai thdi dqi La-Ma)
d) Dieu k i e n loai hai c6 the dien ta Icfi khuyen
Vd: I f I were you, I'd have a rest (N^u toi la anh, toi se nghi ngai.) > Ghi chu:
1) Were la qua khuf bang thai cua dong tCf BE chia cho tat ca cac ngoi va cung la qua khuf dcfn triTc thuyet each (indicative cac ngoi va cung la qua khuf dcfn triTc thuyet each (indicative mood) cua dong ixi BE chia cho cac ngoi d so nhieu. Tuy nhien
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ngifcfi M y c6 khuynh hudng dung was cho cac ngoi or so i t va were cho cac ngoi d so nhieu n h u dang qud khuf dorn cua dong iii B E .
Vd: I f I were you, I'd...
I f he was cleverer, he'd...
2) Cac dang thay the
a) If... not CO the dirgfc thay the b^ng unless
Vd: I wouldn't do i t unless I loved you.
(Toi se khong lam dieu do trie phi tdi y^u anh.)
b) Would CO the du-tfc thay the b^ng mot trgr dong tCf phu
khac trong menh de chi hau qua.
Vd: I f I stopped smoking. I could run faster
(Neu toi bo hut thuoc, toi c6 the chg,y nhanh han.)
c) Cau dieu k i e n loai ba ^ Cach t h a n h lap
Y nghia cua menh de — i f T h i cua dong tCf Thi cua dong ti^cf d menh de - i f menh de hau qua d menh de - i f menh de hau qua Khong t h a t o' qua khuf Thi hoan thanh T h i hoan thanh
bang thai each dieu kien
Litu y:
* T h i hoan t h a n h bSng thai each diTtfC chia giong nhi/ t h i qua khuf hoan t h a n h trifc thuyet each: Chu ngi? + had + qua khuf phan tCr.
* T h i hoan t h a n h dieu k i e n du'gfc chia: chu nguf + would /
could/ should / might + have + Qua khuf phan tuf
- The k h a n g dinh:
Vd: I f he had t r i e d to leave the country, he would have been stooped at the frontier.
(Neu hdn da tinh bo nitac ma di, hdn da bi chdn lai d bien gidi.) (nhung h a n da khong tinh.)
- The phii dinh:
Vd: I f the weather hadn't been nice yesterday, I wouldn't
have gone to the park.
(N^u horn qua thdi tiet khdng tot, tdi da khong di d&'n cong vi^n.) (nhtfng tho'i t i e t t o t va t o i da den cong vien.)
- The nghi van
V d : W h a t would you have done yesterday i f you hadn't come to class?
(Horn qua anh dd Idm gi n^u anh dd khong d&'n lop?) (nhitng horn qua anh dd den Idp.)
- Cau t r a lo"i ngan
Vd: A: Would you have come to work i f you had a bad cold?
(Anh dd c6 di Idni khong n&'u anh hi cam ndng?)
B: Yes, I would / No. I wouldn't
CAch dung: M e n h de dieu k i e n loai ba dung de d i i n t a gia
thuyet k h o n g c6 t h a t trong qua khuf hoSc bay to SLT nuoi tiec. Vd: I f the doctor had come earlier, my friend wouldn't have died.
(Neu bdc si den sam han, ban toi dd khong ch^t.)
> Ghi chu:
a) I f CO the duac thay bkng viec dao chu ngC? r a sau dong tCf
of m e n h de - i f
V d : • Were I ( I f I were) you, I wouldn't do t h a t .
(Neu tdi la anh, toi dd khong lam diiu do.)
• H a d I k n o w n ( I f I had known), I would have told you.
(Neu toi dd bi^'t, toi dd noi cho anh bi^t.)
b) Would CO the dtftfc thay bkng could hoSc m i g h t . (Thay
b k n g could dien t a k h a nSng, thay bang m i g h t dien t a s\i c6
the, CO le.)
V d : • I f we had found h i m earlier we could have his life.
(N^u chung toi dd tim thdy anh dy sdm han, chung tdi dd c6
thi Clin song dugc anh dy.)
• I f we had found h i m earlier we could have saved his life.
(N^u chung toi dd tim thdy anh dy sdm han, chiing tdi dd c6
thi CIJCU song dicgc anh dy.)
• I f we had found h i m earlier, we m i g h t have saved his life.
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(Neu chung toi dd tim thdy anh dy sdm han, chung tdi c6 le cvCu sdng dugc anh dy.)
c) M e n h de - i f c6 the difgrc thay b i n g but for sb/sth (neu k h o n g CO.)
Vd:
• The car broke down. But for that we would have been i n time.
(Xe hoi bi hong mdy. Neu khdng c6 viec do chung tdi dd den kip gid.)
• But for t h e r a i n we would have had a nice holiday.
(N^u trdi khdng mUa chung ta dd c6 mot ky nghi tdt dep.)