C h i i y : N e u n o i v e c h i n h m i n h t h i I t r o n g m e n h de c h i n h
I v a m e n h de t h u a t k h o n g t h a y d o i .
I V d : • I s a i d , " I Uke m y j o b . "
(Toi dd noi, "Toi thich cong viec cua toi.")
• I s a i d ( t h a t ) I l i k e d m y j o b .
(Toi dd noi (rdng) toi thich cong viec cua toi.)
* Y o u CO t h e t r o t h a n h I , she, he, h a y , t h e y , w e V d : • A n n s a i d t o m e : " Y o u m u s t be t h e r e "
(Ann noi vai tdi: "Anh phai d do.")
• A n n s a i d t h a t I m u s t be t h e r e .
(Ann noi toi phai d do.)
• A n n s a i d t o h e r : " Y o u m u s t b e t h e r e " .
(Attn noi vdi c6 dy: "Chi phai d do.")
Co ba loai cdu tiicing thuat:
1. Tifofng t h u a t 16ri p h a t b i e u
V d : T h e n e w s p a p e r says t h a t t h e P r i m e M i n i s t e r i s g o i n g
to r e s i g n .
(Bdo chi noi rdng thu titang sdp tii chiCc.)
2. Tifofng t h u a t m $ n h l ^ n h
V i d u : H e t o l d t h e m t o go b a c k t o w o r k
(Ong dd bdo hg trd lai Idm viec.)
3. Titofng t h u a t c a u h o i
V d : H e a s k e d m e w h e r e I l i v e d
(Hdii da hoi toi song d ddy.)
Tl/CfNG THUAT LC(I PHAT BIEU
M u o n tufong t h u a t m o t I d i p h a t b i e u t a p h a i c h u y nhufng d i e m sau: 1) N e u d o n g tCr t r o n g m e n h de c h i n h ( b ) of t h i h i e n t a i , ti/cfng l a i h a y h i e n t a i h o a n t h a n h t h i d o n g tCf t r o n g m e n h de tiicfng t h u a t (e) k h o n g t h a y d o i t h i (tense.) V d : • She says " I w a t c h T V e v e r y d a y "
(Co ta noi: "Toi deu xem ti vi moi ngdy.)
• She says ( t h a t ) she w a t c h e s T V e v e r y day.
(Co ta noi rdng c6 ta deu xem ti vi moi ngdy.)
2 . N e u n o i d u n g I d i p h a t b i e u l a m o t c h a n l y , m o t SLT t h a t h i e n n h i e n h a y k h o a h o c t h i d o n g tCf t r o n g m e n h de tufcfng h i e n n h i e n h a y k h o a h o c t h i d o n g tCf t r o n g m e n h de tufcfng t h u a t k h o n g t h a y d o i t h i .
V d :
• The teacher said. ' T h e e a r t h revolves r o u n d t h e sun o n i t s axis".
(Thdy gido dd noi, "Trdi ddt xoay quanh mdt trdi tren true cua no.)
• T h e teacher said t h e e a r t h revolves r o u n d t h e sun o n i t s axis.
(Thdy gido dd udi (rdng) trdi ddt xoay quanh mdt trdi tren true cua no.)
1 4 0
3. N e u d o n g tix t r o n g I d i p h a t b i e u (e) chuTa cac d o n g tix nhtf:
w o u l d , s h o u l d , o u g h t t o . h a d b e t t e r , m i g h t , used t o thu'c^ng
k h o n g t h a y d o i t r o n g cau t u d n g t h u a t .
V d : • P e t e r s a i d . " I m i g h t t r y m y l u c k " .
(Peter dd noi, "Toi c6 le thii van may cua toi."
• P e t e r s a i d ( t h a t ) h e m i g h t t r y h i s l u c k .
(Peter dd noi (rdng) anh ta c6 le thd van may cua anh ta.")
SU THAY DOI CHU N G O TRONG MENH DE TUCiNG THUAT
N h a n xu'ng d a i tCf h a y cac i \ xac d i n h sof hufu t h a y d o i v i SLT
t h a y d o i cua ngLfoi n o i .
I CO t h e tro' t h a n h she, he, i t .
V d : • D u n g s a i d , " I w i l l come t o t h e p a r t y " .
(Dung dd noi: "Toi se dit tiec."
• D u n g s a i d ( t h a t ) she w o u l d come t o t h e p a r t y .
(Dung dd noi (rdng) c6 dy se dU tiec.)
N e n bie't: C h u ngu" t r o n g m e n h de tiTofng t h u a t p h a i tLforng
: ufng v d i c h i i nguf t r o n g m e n h de c h i n h v e n g o i v a g i o n g .
C h i i y : N e u n o i v e c h i n h m i n h t h i I t r o n g m e n h de c h i n h
I v a m e n h de t h u a t k h o n g t h a y d o i .
I V d : • I s a i d , " I Uke m y j o b . "
(Toi dd noi, "Toi thich cong viec cua toi.")
• I s a i d ( t h a t ) I l i k e d m y j o b .
(Toi dd noi (rdng) toi thich cong viec cua toi.)
* Y o u CO t h e t r o t h a n h I , she, he, h a y , t h e y , w e V d : • A n n s a i d t o m e : " Y o u m u s t be t h e r e "
(Ann noi vai tdi: "Anh phai d do.")
• A n n s a i d t h a t I m u s t be t h e r e .
(Ann noi toi phai d do.)
• A n n s a i d t o h e r : " Y o u m u s t b e t h e r e " .
(Attn noi vdi c6 dy: "Chi phai d do.")
• A n n said t h a t she must be there.
(Ann noi cd ta phdi d do.)
• A n n said to J i m : "You must be there."
(Ann noi voi Jim: "Anh phdi d do."
• A n n said to J i m t h a t he must be there.
(Ann noi voi Jim rang anh ta phdi d do.)
• A n n said to us: "You must be there."
(Ann vdi chung toi: "cdc anh phdi d do.")
• A n n said t h a t we must be there.
(Ann noi rdng chung toi phdi d do.)
S I / T H A Y DOI BO N G Q T R O N G MENH D E THUAT * You CO the tro' t h a n h us hay h i m , me * You CO the tro' t h a n h us hay h i m , me
V d : • I believe you
(Toi tin anh.)
• She said that she believed me.
(Co ta noi rdng c6 ta tin tdi.)
• She said that she believed us
(Co ta noi rdng c6 ta tin chung tdi.)
• She said t h a t she believed h i m
• (Co ta noi fang c6 ta t i n h^n.)
S I /T H A Y DOI X A C DjNH TRONG MENH D E TUClNG THUAT 1. S d hvTu t i n h tH v a sof hvtu d a i tiif
* M y CO the tro' t h a n h his, her
V d : • A n n said, " I can't make up my m i n d yet.
(A?in noi: "Toi chiCa the quyet dinh.)
• A n n said that she couldn't make up her m i n d yet".
(Ann noi rdng c6 ta chUa the quyit dinh.)
• Peter said, " I can't make up mv m i n d .
(Peter noi, "Toi chUa quyet dinh.")
• Peter said that he couldn't make up his m i n d .
(Peter noi rdng anh ta chUa thi quyit dinh.)
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* Our CO thg tro' t h a n h their.
Vd: • The children said, "Our house is over there".
(Cdc tre em noi: "Nhd chung toi d ddng kia.)
• The children said that their house was over there.
(Cdc tre em noi rang nhd chiing d ddng kia.)
C h i i y : my c6 the giui nguyen neu ngiTcfi noi noi ve chinh m i n h . Vd: • I said, " I like my work".
(Toi noi toi thich cdng vi^c cda tdi.)
• I said t h a t I liked my work.
(Toi noi rdng tdi thich cdng viec cua tdi.) 2. C h i d i n h t i n h tii v a c h i d i n h d a i tiif
* This CO the tro' t h a n h that.
V d : • M a r y said, "This house is mine."
(Mary noi, "Ngdi nhd nay cda tdi".)
• M a r y said, (that) That house was hers.
(Mary ndi rdng ngdi nhd kia cua cd ta.)
• The students said, These books are ours.
(Cac hoc sinh noi, "nhdng quyen sdch nay Id cua
chung toi."
• The students said, (that) Those books were theirs.
(Cdc hoc sinh noi nhUng quyin sdch kia la cua chung.)
Syf THAY DOI T R A N G T l / TRONG MENH D E THUAT
1. T r a n g tu* c h i thofi g i a n
* today that day
* yesterilay the day before * the day before yesterday two days before * tomoDow the next day
the following day * the day after tomorrow i n two day's time * next wenlu'year the following week/year
• A n n said t h a t she must be there.
(Ann noi cd ta phdi d do.)
• A n n said to J i m : "You must be there."
(Ann noi voi Jim: "Anh phdi d do."
• A n n said to J i m t h a t he must be there.
(Ann noi voi Jim rang anh ta phdi d do.)
• A n n said to us: "You must be there."
(Ann vdi chung toi: "cdc anh phdi d do.")
• A n n said t h a t we must be there.
(Ann noi rdng chung toi phdi d do.)
S I / T H A Y DOI BO N G Q T R O N G MENH D E THUAT * You CO the tro' t h a n h us hay h i m , me * You CO the tro' t h a n h us hay h i m , me
V d : • I believe you
(Toi tin anh.)
• She said that she believed me.
(Co ta noi rdng c6 ta tin tdi.)
• She said that she believed us
(Co ta noi rdng c6 ta tin chung tdi.)
• She said t h a t she believed h i m
• (Co ta noi fang c6 ta t i n h^n.)
S I /T H A Y DOI X A C DjNH TRONG MENH D E TUClNG THUAT 1. S d hvTu t i n h tH v a sof hvtu d a i tiif
* M y CO the tro' t h a n h his, her
V d : • A n n said, " I can't make up my m i n d yet.
(A?in noi: "Toi chiCa the quyet dinh.)
• A n n said that she couldn't make up her m i n d yet".
(Ann noi rdng c6 ta chUa the quyit dinh.)
• Peter said, " I can't make up mv m i n d .
(Peter noi, "Toi chUa quyet dinh.")
• Peter said that he couldn't make up his m i n d .
(Peter noi rdng anh ta chUa thi quyit dinh.)
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* Our CO thg tro' t h a n h their.
Vd: • The children said, "Our house is over there".
(Cdc tre em noi: "Nhd chung toi d ddng kia.)
• The children said that their house was over there.
(Cdc tre em noi rang nhd chiing d ddng kia.)
C h i i y : my c6 the giui nguyen neu ngiTcfi noi noi ve chinh m i n h . Vd: • I said, " I like my work".
(Toi noi toi thich cdng vi^c cda tdi.)
• I said t h a t I liked my work.
(Toi noi rdng tdi thich cdng viec cua tdi.) 2. C h i d i n h t i n h tii v a c h i d i n h d a i tiif
* This CO the tro' t h a n h that.
V d : • M a r y said, "This house is mine."
(Mary noi, "Ngdi nhd nay cda tdi".)
• M a r y said, (that) That house was hers.
(Mary ndi rdng ngdi nhd kia cua cd ta.)
• The students said, These books are ours.
(Cac hoc sinh noi, "nhdng quyen sdch nay Id cua
chung toi."
• The students said, (that) Those books were theirs.
(Cdc hoc sinh noi nhUng quyin sdch kia la cua chung.)
Syf THAY DOI T R A N G T l / TRONG MENH D E THUAT
1. T r a n g tu* c h i thofi g i a n
* today that day
* yesterilay the day before * the day before yesterday two days before * tomoDow the next day
the following day * the day after tomorrow i n two day's time * next wenlu'year the following week/year
• last weel^ year the previous week/year the previous year V d :
• I saw her the dav before vesterdav." he said
(Toi dd gap CO dy vao ngdy horn kia, hdn noi)
• He said he had seen her two days before.
(Hdn noi hdn dd gap c6 dy hai ngdy trUdc.)
• " I ' l l do i t tomorrow." he promised.
(Ngdy niai toi se Idm viec do, no hiia.)
• He promised that he would do i t the next dav.
(No hiia rdng no se lam viec do vdo ngdy hdm sau.)
2. T r a n g tu* c h i nofi c h o n
• Here c6 the tro' t h a n h there
V d : • " I have been here before" she said
(Trifoc kia toi dd d day, c6 ta not)
• She said that she had been there already.
(Co ta noi c6 ta dd d ddy rot.)
SI/ THAY DOI CAC THI TRONG MENH DE THUAT
• Lcfi n o i tru'c tiep
Ldi noi tri/c tiep Ldi not gidn ti^p
- T h i hien tai d o n _ T h i qua khuf ddn - T h i hien tai tiep d i i n T h i qua khuf tiep d i l n - T h i hien t a i hoan t h a n h T h i qud khuf hoan t h a n h - T h i hien t a i hoan t h a n h T h i qua khuf hoan t h a n h die
tien
- T h i qua khii dan T h i qua khuf hoan t h a n h - T h i tMng lai Dieu k i e n
Litu y: k h i doi sang noi gian tiep dong tCr xuong mot bac \
bac chot la t h i qua khuT hoan t h a n h .
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Vd: • " I never eat meat", he explained.
(Toi chdng bao gid dn thit", no gidi thick.)
• He explained that he never ate meat.
(No gidi thich rdng no chdng bao gid dn thit.)
• He said, " I w i l l be i n Paris on Monday.
(Anh ta noi, "Toi se d Paris vdo thri hai.)
' • He said (that) he would be i n Paris on Monday • " I have found a flat", he said.
("Toi dd tim ra mot cdn hg", anh ta not.)
He said that he had found a flat.
(Anh ta noi anh ta dd tim ra mot cdn ho.)
• " I ' m w a i t i n g for A n n " , he said
(Toi dang cha Ann", anh ta noi.)
Ho said that he was w a i t i n g for A n n .