... years Invasive distensions spreading crab-like from a tumor inthe breast were described by Hippocrates From the crab, karkinos in Greek and cancer in Latin, came the name ofthe disease andthe ... are united in their hope of beating cancer They disagree, sometimes bitterly, on the manner in which the war is waged andthe achievements so far The debates involve many issues, including science ... of analysis and synthesis in scientific investigations Descartes followed a similar vein and went further to combine analysis and synthesis as two steps of a single method Perhaps the most comprehensive...
... Given the growing complexity of a working group of experts inthe field (including cancer science, a wider range of disciplines will be industry, investigators from multiple areas of bio- involved ... rise to other forms of cancer useof new therapies inthe clinic cells, and are thought to be the most critical to attack in order to stop cancer’s spread and recurrence yy Advances in imaging technologies ... insight into are an appropriate fit for the trial Volunteers patient outcomes, improving quality and helping to determine whether they are interested in inform clinical research questions The continually...
... begin in cells that make and release mucus and other fluids) Definition of rectal cancer: Cancer that forms inthe tissues ofthe rectum (the last several inches ofthe large intestine before the ... with other screening indicators In guiding further work in biomarkers discovery and validation, investigation into the problems of low sensitivity and specificity are being explored using immunohistochemistry ... cancer using serum, stool and urine Definition of colon cancer: Cancer that forms inthe tissues ofthe colon (the longest part ofthe large intestine) Most colon cancers are adenocarcinomas (cancers...
... for the future, pioneering the development and provision of relevant training in our Institutes and Centres and working in partnership where possible - Maintain our current investment in training ... risk of cancer • Maintain and, where possible, strengthen a broad and balanced portfolio of world-class research inthe UK, directed at understanding the biology and causes of cancer - Maintain ... raise the quality of our basic research in our Institute and grant-funded research - Invest further and increase capacity in imaging research andin more sophisticated in silico and mouse models of...
... cytoskeleton (intracellularly) andthe ECM The formation of leading edge adhesions is initiated by the binding of integrins to extracellular matrix ligands such as fibronectin, which induces integrin clustering ... defined by the lifetime risk of developing the disease For instance, in females, the risk of developing breast cancer is in 9, andin males, the risk of developing prostate cancer is in 14 In some ... types within the tumour mass, such as: the integrins, for example, fibronectin, collagen; the cadherins, for example, E-cadherin; the selectins, for example, P- and E-selectins; andthe connexins,...
... UVB in vitamin D skin synthesis andin carcinogenic action The paradoxical effects of sun exposure are erythema (reddening ofthe skin after sun exposure) andthe positive impact on vitamin D3 ... of these minerals from the kidney, and promoting bone mineralisation Calcium is the most abundant mineral inthe human body The average adult body contains in total approximately kg, 99% inthe ... UVB on the formation of previtamin D3 inthe skin is influenced by several factors including UVB absorbing molecules like melanin, DNA, RNA, proteins, and 7-DHC skin content Previtamin D3 then...
... staff In unassisted use, sample preparation, useofthe instrumentation, and interpretation of results relies completely on single investigators andthe role ofthe SR consists in providing efficient ... the entire operational aspects ofthe SR The Facility Manager is the first point of contact for many prospective users ofthe facility and is responsible for the daily operations ofthe SR, including ... interacts with the Directorate ofthe Institute to discuss the development of an institutional SR program, including the development or discontinuation of individual SRs, the contract of resources,...
... carbon-12 (12C) When the cells are growing in this medium, they incorporate the heavy arginine into all of their proteins All ofthe arginine containing peptides are now Da heavier than their normal ... structure ofthe active centre of a protein of interest Information on the 3D structure ofthe active centre of a protein of interest and/ or its natural ligands can be used as a basis for the design of ... peptide of interest (native peptide) The synthetic peptide has a mass increase of e.g 10Daltons, due to the incorporation of a 13C6 and 15N4arginine into the synthetic peptide, compared to the native...
... scientific contents is mainly based on theuseof online platforms superseding the strategy of commercial publishing used inthe past to produce print journals and circulate them within the research community ... Repositories [20] The building-up and maintaining ofthe institutional repositories foster close interaction between diverse categories of professionals: the information specialists dealing with the quality ... control and standardization of bibliographic data, the data management experts designing the workflow of data handled by the users, the institutions’ managers (administrators) defining official...
... initial phases of its implementation, assessing and defining the innovation within the cultural context ofthe implementing organization, developing infrastructure, and building linkages and relationships ... challenges in achieving and sustaining social, economic, or business returns inthe context of program improvement initiatives [29], we hypothesize that it is the alignment of these cases inthe context ... launched the Clinical Trials Working Group [3] as a means of restructuring and improving the administration ofthe NCI-sponsored clinical trials program within academicbased and community settings...
... of retroviruses goes hand in hand with the degree of retroviral replication In contrast with other retroviruses, members of HTLV-BLV genus involve two distinct routes of genetic variability in ... studies and participated inthe interpretation of data FM and EW were responsible for the design ofthe study and its coordination CP, EW, and FM wrote the manuscript All authors read and approved the ... promotion and maintenance [1] For HTLV-1, infection occurring early inthe life ofthe host is crucial inthe development of ATLL[6] Furthermore, the disease has been found to occur more frequently and...
... (small intestine), (liver), (cervix), 10 (bladder), 11 (skin), 12 (brain and CNS) and 13 (salivary glands) carcinoma induction is plotted using the linear model indicated by the black line, the ... (V(D)) OED values are independent ofthe initial slope b andthe modifying function μ and are thus keeping the necessary variables andthe corresponding uncertainties at a minimum It should be ... radiation causes in bone and soft tissue exclusively sarcomas, in all other organs which are listed in Table carcinomas Combined fit of A-bomb survivor and Hodgkin’s patients Since the dose distribution...
... applications in mind For the purpose of identifying a list of candidate oncogenes and tumor suppressors, we applied the algorithm of [25] to define the minimal regions of gain and loss (MRG and MRL) ... patterns of gain and loss Results Preprocessing Details concerning the aCGH profiling ofthe samples and subsequent normalization can be found in Materials and Methods Detailed clinical data ofthe ... as input matrices of gains and losses over all ofthe probes, which we constructed using the thresholds for gain and loss as described above As explained in [25], the minimal regions define the...
... the forecast change in inflation obtained using the modified model ofthe t Phillips Curve, and ∆π f,ST is the equivalent forecast obtained with the standard model The t value of ω determines the ... that the results obtained are robust to theuseof alternative starting values The final issue concerning theuseofthe Kalman filter deals with the smoothness ofthe NAIRU This is a problem akin ... those obtained by the baseline model The value of α does not deviate significantly from its original value The inclusion of a supply shock inthe form ofthe change inthe real price of oil should...
... modeling cancer inthe mouse been as great as inthe large number of mutants engineered in genes encoding components ofthe cell cycle machinery andthe pRB and p53 tumor suppressor pathways The ... complementation ofthe yeast cdc2 mutant By studying changes in protein expression ongoing inthe fertilization of clam and sea urchin eggs, Hunt and colleagues identified the first cyclin proteins, the abundance ... E-type cyclins in G1 and A -and B-type cyclins in G2/M) that control a family of Cdks (cyclindependent kinases) greatly enhanced our understanding ofthe complexity underlying control ofthe cell...
... that inthe case of anonymized testing, andinthe case of ‘routine’ voluntary named testing, consent is often vitiated by a lack of understanding and information, and sometimes by coercion The ... ofthe HIV test, they are depriving themselves and their future children of potential beneWt The ethics of named testing The Department of Health’s Unlinked Anonymous Surveys Steering Group in ... ethics of anonymised unlinked screening for HIV in pregnancy With anonymized testing, there is a tension between the perceived interests of society (the public good) and those ofthe individual The...