topical transdermal drug delivery systems

... for Drug Delivery Systems Drug delivery systems modify the kinetics or the location of the escape of the drug from the medicine Tables 15.1 and 15.2 provide generic reasons for using drug delivery ... numerous types of protein drug [21–23] 15.6 Examples of Biodegradable Polymer Drug Delivery Systems Under Development 15.6.1 Polyketals Polyketal-based drug delivery systems are under development ... nanotechnology and biological mimicry to create drug delivery systems that penetrate into 15.6 Examples of Biodegradable Polymer Drug Delivery Systems Under Development articular cartilage tissue...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 08:20

... stability Chemical Aspects of Drug Delivery Systems Table Routes of administration and general classification of drug delivery systems ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION DRUG DELIVERY CLASS ORAL SOLIDS (e.g ... Aspects of Drug Delivery Systems Table Mechanisms and properties influencing drug release from particle carrier systems* MECHANISM OF DRUG RELEASE PROPERTIES INFLUENC~NG DRUG DIFFUSION DRUG RELEASE ... carrier materials incorporated into drug delivery systems 4 DRUG LEAKAGE+ +NON TARGET +METABOLISM /CLEARANCE IB ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION IDRUG + CARRIER Ic IDRUG IDRUG + CARRIER P + CARRIER +NON...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 10:20

... molecule to be delivered: drug versus genes In vivo EP requires techniques for the delivery of the drug/ gene to the tissue site, and techniques for the delivery of the field The delivery of the field ... purposes of gene transfer and drug delivery into the cells In electrochemotherapy, for instance, the optimization of the electroporative channeling of the cytotoxic drugs into the tissue cells ... old drug [Review] Gen Pharmacol 27, 745–748 Gehl, J., Skovsgaard, T., and Mir, L (1998) Enhancement of cytoxicity by electropermeabilization: An improved method for screening drugs Anticancer Drugs...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 00:29

... Generalities of drug delivery Liposomes as drug delivery systems Polymers and polymeric systems for drug delivery Dendrimers for drug delivery GENERALITIES OF DRUG DELIVERY DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM ... Targeted drug delivery systems: deliver drug to a desired body location, organ, tissue, specific cells…  Controlled-release drug delivery systems: preprogramed drug release By the route of delivery: ... delivery:  Topical (local) drug delivery systems: drugs are delivered locally to the target organ/tissue without entering the systemic circulation  Systemic drug delivery systems: drugs are delivered...

Ngày tải lên: 18/04/2014, 15:37

... define drug- delivery systems of a certain size range Reflecting this trend of size definition, Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems is a worthy attempt to bring together a wide range of drug- delivery ... 0‑8493‑9073‑7 (alk paper) Drug delivery systems Nanoparticles I Thassu, Deepak II Deleers, Michel III Pathak, Yashwant IV Series [DNLM: Drug Delivery Systems ‑methods Nanostructures Drug Carriers W1 DR893B ... and their delivery to where they are needed An ever increasing number of drug- and vaccinedelivery systems are being tested clinically, with many already marketed Recently, drug- delivery systems...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 14:47

... the widespread application of nanodelivery systems in medicine Design of nanotechnology – based drug delivery Systems Nanoparticles can be used in targeted drug delivery at the site of disease ... uptake of poorly soluble drugs [8,9], the targeting of drugs to a specific site, and drug bioavailability A schematic comparison of untargeted and targeted drug delivery systems is shown in Figure ... therapy The effectiveness of drug delivery systems can be attributed to their small size, reduced drug toxicity, controlled time release of the drug and modification of drug pharmacokinetics and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... the molecular transporter in drug delivery Page 14 of 22 Drug delivery targeted to lymphatic system Many cancers metastasize through lymphatic canal The drug delivery systems targeted to the lymphatic ... advantages for tracking and real-time monitoring of drug delivery efficacy in vivo Intracellular drug delivery To study the cellular drug delivery, in vitro experiments have unique advantages, ... used in drug delivery systems These functionalization methods provided candidate techniques, and there are great possibilities for them to be used in the construction of drug delivery systems...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... ophthalmic drug delivery systems, but the knowledge in this field is rapidly expanding Systems range from simple solutions to novel delivery systems such as biodegradable polymeric systems, corneal ... to provide maximal benefit, improvements in ocular drug delivery are essential Drug delivery is no less vital than drug discovery Although many drugs can be safely delivered by eye drops, effective ... Specialized Drug Delivery Systems Manufacturing and Production Technology, edited by Praveen Tyle Topical Drug Delivery Formulations, edited by David W Osborne and Anton H Amann Drug Stability...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... Biopharmaceutical consideration in topical ocular drug delivery Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol., 27:558 Schoenwald, R D (1993) Ocular pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems (A K Mitra, ... (1990) Ocular drug delivery Pharmacokinetic considerations Clin Pharmacokinet., 18:255 Lang, J C., and Stiemke, M M Biological barriers to ocular delivery In: Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery ... is some evidence for direct drug delivery via the topical ocular route, drugs usually not reach therapeutically relevant levels in the posterior segment following topical ocular instillation...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... increased as the drug diffusivity was reduced Furthermore, the rate of drug elimination, which is inversely related to the drug s elimination halflife, decreased significantly as the drug diffusivity ... changes in the pathophysiology of the eye is the diffusivity of drugs in the vitreous Changes in drug diffusivity will be most significant when drugs of different molecular weight are used to treat different ... by changes to the drug diffusivity However, the time at which the peak concentration occurred increased as the drug diffusivity decreased because the average time required for a drug molecule to...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems (A K Mitra, ed.), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, Chapter 12 17 Zheng, X., Marquart, M E., Mitra, A K., and Hill, J M (2002) Unique ocular drug delivery systems In: ... for rational design of drug delivery systems for therapeutic agents that are poorly absorbed across the cornea or require delivery to posterior segment of the eye Drug delivery across the conjunctiva ... ocular drug delivery J Pharm Sci 80:50–53, 1990 Harris, D., and Robinson, J R Bioadhesive polymers in peptide drug delivery Biomaterials 11:652–658, 1990 Grass, G M Mechanisms of Corneal Drug Penetration...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... protein drugs, Adv Drug Delivery Rev., 8:331–339 81 Chiou, G C Y (1994) Systemic delivery of polypeptide drugs through ocular route, J Ocul Pharmacol., 10:93–99 82 Morgan, R V (1995) Delivery ... of topically applied ophthalmic drugs, Surv Ophthalmol., 26:207–218 88 Mikkelson, T J (1984) Review: Ophthalmic drug delivery, Pharm Tech., 8:90–98 89 Lee, V H L (1985) Review: Topical ocular drug ... pharmacokinetics of topically applied drugs in the rabbit, Pharm Res., 15:1882–1887 128 Peyman, G A., and Ganiban, G J (1995) Delivery systems for intraocular routes, Adv Drug Delivery Rev., 16:107–123...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... OCULAR DELIVERY OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN DRUGS Peptides and proteins may be instilled into the eye for local /topical use Instillation of a topical dose of a drug to the eye leads to absorption of a drug ... effective systemic delivery of topically instilled peptides in the eye Their findings suggest that systemic delivery of peptide drugs is superior to the parenteral route, especially when the drug is potent ... future We hope that novel drug delivery systems will be developed to deliver potent polypeptide drugs through the ocular route REFERENCES Lee, V H L (1987) Ophthalmic delivery of peptides and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... (2000) Bispecific Mab aided liposomal drug delivery J Drug Target, 8(4):257–266 160 Cristiano, R J., and Roth, J A (1995) Molecular conjugates: a targeted gene delivery vector for molecular medicine ... perform and bypasses the need for complex viral or non viral delivery systems Subretinal or intravitreal injections are common routes of delivery to the affected area Preparative amounts of neurotrophic ... therapeutically active drugs This is a fascinating technology that has the potential of being a tailor-made delivery system that will improve the therapeutic index of a number of drugs Another modification...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... therapeutics: drug delivery and targeting Adv Drug Delivery Rev., 18:115–131 167 J W Jaroszewski, and J S Cohen (1991) Cellular uptake of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides Adv Drug Delivery Rev., ... Section 201(p)) New drugs require INDs for conducting clinical investigations and NDAs for marketing approval The terms drug and new drug are inclusive of the drug substance and the drug product It ... for ophthalmic delivery systems in which a drug is incorporated in a carrier for its pharmacological effect on the human eye and is reviewed as a new drug product by the FDA’s Drug Center (CDER)...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... increased as the drug diffusivity was reduced Furthermore, the rate of drug elimination, which is inversely related to the drug s elimination halflife, decreased significantly as the drug diffusivity ... changes in the pathophysiology of the eye is the diffusivity of drugs in the vitreous Changes in drug diffusivity will be most significant when drugs of different molecular weight are used to treat different ... by changes to the drug diffusivity However, the time at which the peak concentration occurred increased as the drug diffusivity decreased because the average time required for a drug molecule to...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 03:20