a valuable physical enhancer to increase transdermal drug delivery

... the total membrane) mean pore radius cell density cell surface area electroporated area of cell surface surface area of the average pore electrical pulse duration decay time constant of an exponentially ... (0.01–0.3%) increase in membrane surface area Phase I: slow (milliseconds to minutes) electromechanical deformation at constant membrane surface area and decreasing volume due to efflux of the internal ... the absorbance dichroism ∆ A /A0 (A) and (B) the relaxation rate τ −1 as functions of the vesicle curvature H= 1 /a at constant total lipid concentration [L t] = 1.0 mM and the same nominal transmembrane...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 00:29

... USA Asia Association of School of Pharmacy Annual Meeting 2004 Beijing, China American Association of Pharmaceutical Scienctists Annual Meeting 2004 Baltimore, USA North American Thermal Analysis ... lamellar granules, and a related ceramide may have a major influence on the organization of the lamellae in the SC [8] Intercellular lipids are organized in lamellar phases and these lamellae are oriented ... Chinese medicinal plants like Asari Herba and Asiasari Radix [65,69,70] Asari Herba was reported to be used as a skin penetration enhancer for administration of buprenorphine [71] The aim of this...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 08:31

... (IACUC), National University of Singapore (NUS) Approval to collect the porcine skin from local abattoir was granted by Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority (AVA) of Singapore 2.4 Hydrogels Characterization ... of Abbreviations µm Micro meter 3D Three-dimensional ATR-FTIR Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared AU Arbitrary unit AVA Agri-food and veterinary authority CLSM Confocal laser ... researchers have developed a class of adhesive polymers named bioadhesives that are defined as adhesives capable of adhering to highly hydrated biological surfaces such as mucosal tissues To be...

Ngày tải lên: 02/10/2015, 17:14

... first step is to understand this idea: that the words you need to notice and pay attention to are the words you probably ignore as being too simple to learn You recognise them, but can you use them? ... need to practise regularly and intelligently for this work By this I mean you want to learn to notice patterns in different word families: to give you one example, all these words have something ... necessary because you cannot "learn" all the words as there are simple too many of them: only this week the millionth word in English was recorded! A great site for practice Flo Joe is a perfect...

Ngày tải lên: 05/11/2012, 09:18

... and on functional models of language The language functions and language notions are taught to learners at the same time with the assumption that language learning relates to learning formulaic ... repeat and participate in a single activity The advantages of using VCDs in English class are also clearly understood as shown in the table and chart above One of the most appreciated materials applied ... latter requires a primary focus on form rather than meaning and typically asks learners to manipulate language given to them rather than to attempt to communicate using their own linguistic and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:44

... according to Huang et al [10] Catalysis of a dual-domain b-propeller phytase Nucleotide sequence assembly was performed using Vector NTI Advance 10.0 software (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), and analyzed ... PhyH-DI and PhyH-DII and two times greater than that of PhyHDII This large variance cannot be ascribed to the function of PhyH-DI alone The dual-domain phytase was shown to be a dimer according to ... neutral and alkaline pH; PhyH-DII was less stable under the same conditions (Fig 2D) PhyH was basically stable at 35 °C, and retained 60% of the initial activity at 45 °C for 90 when assayed at...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 15:20

... AGCTGGTGCAGGAGGAAGTA CCGAGAACCGAACTTACCAA AGGAAGCACCCAGCAATACCA CACCTTGGATGGGTATTCCA CACAGCTCCCATTCATTCCA TCCTCCCTGGAGAAGAGCTA CTCCTGGGACACGATGC CTGCGGTGCTGTTGTGG CACCATCATAAGGGTAAACAT ACAGCAAAAAGGAGGCCAAA ... ACAGCAAAAAGGAGGCCAAA GCCACAATCCAGTCATTCCA GATAAGCTTGTGGAAGTCGCGT TCTCACTGGCCCTAAACTGG CTGATAGGGGTTGGGTGATG GCATTTCCATTTCCCTAAGCAC CAACACAATCCTGAGGCACA TCCCTTTGCCTCCTGTTGTT GTACTTGCGCTCAGGAGGAG 178 246 ... BCRP CA9 BMP2 MT 2A CD237904 AL707095 AK095731 DKK1 BC037851 b-Actin GAAGAAGGGCCAGACGC CCTTCGCTGAGTTCCTGC ACATCAGCGGATACTACAGAG TTTGAATGGGCGAGTGATTG CGGAAACGCCTTAAGTCCAG AATAAGCTTCCGACTCTAGCCGC AGCTGGTGCAGGAGGAAGTA...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 22:21

... Iontophoresis Virginia Merino and Alicia Lúpez 41 Sonophoresis: An Alternative Physical Enhancer to Increase Transdermal Drug Delivery Josộ Juan Escobar-Chỏvez, Dalia Bonilla-Martớnez and Martha ... Virginia Merino1* and Alicia Lúpez2 Departament de Farmcia i Tecnologia Farmacốutica, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valốncia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain and 2Departamento de Fisiolog a, Farmacolog a ... Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, 46113 Moncada, Spain and 2Departament de Farmcia i Tecnologia Farmacốutica, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valốncia, 46100...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 10:20

... FA, Ventura JL, Casas M, Casas H, Pages T, Rama R, Ricart A, Palacios L, Viscor G: Erythropoietin acute reaction and haematological adaptations to short, intermittent hypobaric hypoxia Eur J Appl ... installation of the hypobaric chamber and annexed facilities We are also grateful to Mr Juan A Silva from Universidad de Antofagasta (Chile) by his collaboration in some data collection, and to ... and/or assembly of data, data analysis and interpretation, manuscript writing; RS: data analysis and interpretation, manuscript writing All authors read and approved the final manuscript Additional...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... Arthritis Research & Therapy Vol 10 No Vonkeman et al with NSAIDs) with the appropriate pharmacoeconomic information Materials and methods The pharmacoeconomic evaluation was linked to a 26-month ... the observational period Data for these cases was retrieved from questionnaires and hospital administrative records The typical case is an older patient, mean age at diagnosis 70.4 years (SD 16.7; ... pulmonary disease; COX, cyclooxygenase; H2RA, histamine receptor-2 antagonist; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; OA, osteoarthritis; OR, unadjusted odds ratio; SSRI, selective serotonin...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... Arthritis Research & Therapy Vol 10 No Vonkeman et al with NSAIDs) with the appropriate pharmacoeconomic information Materials and methods The pharmacoeconomic evaluation was linked to a 26-month ... the observational period Data for these cases was retrieved from questionnaires and hospital administrative records The typical case is an older patient, mean age at diagnosis 70.4 years (SD 16.7; ... pulmonary disease; COX, cyclooxygenase; H2RA, histamine receptor-2 antagonist; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; OA, osteoarthritis; OR, unadjusted odds ratio; SSRI, selective serotonin...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:22

... barriers and facilitators to Ontario family physicians’ acceptance and utilization of performance feedback, and to examine the perceived actionability of various approaches to the design and delivery ... Hall; 1990 Bandura A: Self-efficacy In Encyclopedia of human behavior Edited by: Ramachandran VS Toronto: Academic Press; 1994:71-81 Ajzen I, Manstead ASR: Changing health-related behaviors: An ... shown that data quality from EMRs are uncertain [70] While we have validated algorithms for identifying patients who have diabetes and/or IHD in this database, the automated chart audits that are...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:23

... relevant barriers to and facilitators of vaccination uptake These determinants may be related to the individual HCW or to the social, organisational, and economic context [16] To explore all these ... understand what avian influenza is and how - Explain avian influenza on website it relates to annual human influenza All HCWs should get vaccinated HCWs understand the ethical aspects of influenza ... study among HCWs of Dutch nursing homes assessing demographical, behavioural, and organisational determinants associated with uptake of influenza vaccination among HCWs This questionnaire was based...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:23

... data warehouse Using these data, our study statisticians conducted all statistical analyses Upon enrollment at the Houston VAMC, an administrator assigned each new patient to a GMS or PrimeCare ... study, the GMS ambulatory practice was a teaching service that included approximately 150 trainee physicians in postgraduate years one to three during any academic year, staff assistants, and roughly ... Review and present literature on effectiveness of "academic detailing" to change physician behavior Patient and Administrator Liaison Team Provide informational materials to patients and answer...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 05:22

... overthrew Latin to become the international language in the early 19th century, the Grammar Translation Method had become a standard and dominant approach in Language Teaching “Grammar Translation Method ... Language teaching Method Grammar Translation Method gradually lost its initial position and was replaced by many other alternative approaches and methods Among these alternative approaches was ... secondary school took part in the interviewing section 2.2 Data analysis: After the data had been gathered, they were classified, analyzed and synthesized carefully and systematically with a view to...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2015, 08:59

... VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES -  - PHẠM THỊ KIM THANH ACTIVITIES TO INCREASE ADULT LEARNERS’ ... 1.1 Vocabulary in Foreign Language Acquisition 1.1.1 Definition of vocabulary 1.1.2 Vocabulary: What needs to be taught? 1.1.2.1 Form: Pronunciation and Spelling ... V APPENDIX F A DAY IN MY LIFE VI APPENDIX G INTERVIEWING VII APPENDIX H DESCRIBING THINGS IN A HOUSE VIII APPENDIX I READING-BASED VOCABULARY ACTIVITY IX APPENDIX...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2015, 09:02

... has attempted to find out appropriate solutions that help to improve her learners‟ vocabulary maintenance She has been motivated to conduct an action research titled “Activities to increase adult ... Vocabulary is an important aspect of leaning a foreign language and is of great significance to language researchers, teachers and learners However, it is not easy to define exactly what vocabulary is ... one of a number of factors affecting vocabulary learning and learning generally are only moderate For example, Saragi, Nation and Meister (1978) found a correlation of about 45 indicating that repetition...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2015, 09:04

... has attempted to find out appropriate solutions that help to improve her learners’ vocabulary maintenance She has been motivated to conduct an action research titled “Activities to increase adult ... particular language, people should acquire an adequate number of words Therefore, many linguists, educators and researchers have been attempting to help learners of English expand their vocabulary ... Vocabulary Oxford: Oxford University Press 40 23 Nation, I.S.P and Newton, J 1997 Teaching Vocabulary In Coady J and Huckin, T Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition – A Rationale for Pedagogy...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2015, 19:48

... FRAC to the accumulator ; get the base period value in W ; if there was a carry in the fractional accumulator ; signal longer period (T1) ; signal shorter period (T2) FACC,4 ; clear the carry bit ... generate a variable frequency digital signal with good frequency resolution using a combination of on-chip hardware and software The provided code example generates a 100 kHz signal that can be adjusted ... perceive as if the overall resolution was in fact increased by a factor of 16 The simplest algorithm suitable to implement such mechanism would utilize a counter and perform a number of cycles, equal...

Ngày tải lên: 11/01/2016, 16:37

... individual patient However, there may be some difficulty to find a specialized laboratory that can carry out the laborious and error-prone assays and can guarantee reliable results The laboratory can ... values can be affected by some technical, biological and physical factors which must be considered in the calculations [67] Special attention has also to be drawn to different pharmacological ... in the image Blood and tissue curves with a model of radiopharmaceutical kinetics are used to estimate parameters relevant to a particular tumor and its treatment In clinical practice a more simplified...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:10