... isthe increase in the volume and speed of information flows on the Internet. By 2001 oneInternet cable carried more information in a second than was sent over the whole Internet in a month in ... demand-ing a portion ofthe earth’s resources. One noteworthy indicator of risingconsumption in an age of globalization isthe steady increase in the number of motor vehicles. Every year the world ... sup-plements the book with readings that reflect the learning ofthe students in these programs. It is, we believe, worthwhile to encourage students tothink beyond disciplinary boundaries. Yet often it is...
... financial information as ofthe end of 1996 the year preceding the crisisthus avoiding any risk of contaminating our estimations withthe occurrence of distress and closure processes themselves.12 ... Asia financial crisis a good event to investigate theroleof these connections in causing and resolving financial institutions’ distress. Furthermore, the general causes of the East Asian financial ... distressed financial institutions, in part a reflection ofthe large number of financial institutions in these countries at the start ofthe crisis.Regarding the unconditional probability of...
... protein belongs to the RNA recogni-tion motif (RRM) family of RNA-binding-proteins. It is a shuttling protein [5] involved in multiple aspects of RNA metabolism. Inthe nucleus, this protein acts ... of TTP to the same reportermRNA. These results indicate that ASF ⁄ SF2 is apotent repressing factor inthe absence of competingfactors. It is worth noting that the deletion ofthe RSdomain ... aggregation into SGs uponoxidative stress. We then analyzed the sub-cellular dis-tribution of mutants defective for RNA binding. Pointmutations disrupting the RNA-binding capacity of any of the two...
... may in uence the expression of HO-1. The dominant expression of HO-2 protein, in comparison withthe low expression of HO-1 protein, in H146 small cell lung cancer cells isof particularinterest ... analysis of HO-1 andHO-2 proteins. The intensity representing HO-1 or HO-2 protein was normalized with respect to the intensity ofthe b-actin signal. The ratio of each normalized value to the ... cells with HO-2 siRNA induced the expres-sion of HO-1 mRNA and protein without affecting the concentration of GAPDH mRNA and b-actin(Fig. 4A,B). Likewise, the selective reduction of HO-2mRNA with...
... desensitization of these receptors. GC-A is phos-phorylated on six serine and threonine residues present in the protein kinase-like domain inthe basal state [2].Mutation of any of these sites to alanine ... perhapsrepresenting a form ofthe receptor that had reached the surface in a Golgi-independent manner [37]. The presence of a biotinylated 130 kDa form ofthe receptor was not due tobiotinylation ofthe intracellular ... shown in Fig. 4D, swainsonine inhibited the reacquisition of respon-siveness by 50%. This shows that modification ofthe a-1,6arm ofthe mannose residues was essential to allowformation of the...
... stereoisomerism). The lower-đeld1H NMR signal of 3 belonged to the N-methyl group at N2 in the E isomer and t he higher-đeld signal t o that in t heZ isomer, in which N1 is in trans and cis ... derivative of L-fucose i n the LPS of Bordetella pertussis strain 1414 [48,49], in which the N-methyl group gave a single singlet in the 1HNMRspectra. Similarly, the minor pair of signals ... LPS species lacking the mAb 2625 epitope,thus suggesting that the mAb 2625 epitope inte rferes with the binding of mAb LPS-1. The OPS of L. pneumophila Sg 1 is a polylegionaminicacid (Fig....
... on. In none ofthe countries included in this study is the roleof pursuing these objectives the sole responsibility of either the state or the market. Instead, different systems are tightly interconnected, ... question (theoretically and politically) is whether a single ‘best practice’ of embedding and regulating the bio-industries is emerging. Inthe latter part ofthe paper we analyse the bio-industrial ... content of bio-industrial development in these countries. The main contrast to the model that is emerging in Finland and in Australia isthe lack of resource coordination and discursive harmonisation...
... grouped into four clusters: the appointment, dismissal, andlegal term of office ofthe governor ofthe central bank; the institutionallocation ofthe final authority for monetary policy and the ... between the rate of inflation and the dispersion of inflation forecasts gathered from the Michigan andLivingston inflation surveys. Evans (1991) has also published evidenceconsistent withthe point ... appointment of a conservative central banker in a modelthat distinguishes between sectors that differ in their degree of competitiveness of the labor market. The main result of his paper is that,...
... density ofthe population and the size ofthe shadow economy. Plotting a measure ofthe number of years of secondary school-ing attainment by the population and thepolitical measures gives interesting ... substantial part ofthe electorate being excluded from the decision- making process. So, independent ofthe type of economy, the level of redistributive spending should be minimal. A transition ... and international conferences, in particular at the annual meetings ofthe Italian Society of Public Economics and the annual meetings ofthe International Institute of Public Finance of recent...
... reforms of only one ofthe four social insurance systems maymerely exacerbate the crisis inthe social insurance system as a whole. The recession of 1992 –93 changed the interaction between the ... ‘unfair’ to the Generaldirektor’ssecretary, while at the same time arguing that it was inconsistent with CDU and CSU remaining the parties of tax relief’, including a significant lowering ofthe maximum ... especially difficult in Germany is due also to the self-governing character ofthe health care system and the effective organisation of the many interests involved in it, including big pharmaceutical...
... dealing withthe beginnings of ‘football’ in Australia is no less murky, and increasingly just as contested. As noted above, an important issue inthe ‘balance of power’ between the codes is the ... and the result is ‘lineages of misunderstanding’. In his view, when a small number of works are overused, then the problem becomes exacerbated and the credibility ofthe discipline, and the ... historical roots of the tussle over the naming of football codes can be traced back to the nineteenth century, with much ofthe battle fought inthe pages of the press. Then, as now, the matter was...
... for this reason it makes sense to let the market guide them.Institutionalists The ideas of institutionalists are grounded inthe fields ofpolitical scienceand international relations. They share ... approach, in a sense, tries to capture the societal debates about environment and politicaleconomy rather than just the academic debates over the theories ofthepoliticaleconomyofthe environment.Naturally, ... 101Illustrations to the difficulty of trying to measure the implementation and effective-ness of an international agreement or institution.17But a defining char-acteristic of institutionalists isthe assumption...
... grained institutional end of this approach, Paul Hutchcroft (1998) discusses state failure inthe Philippines. Using an historical institutionalist perspective, Hutchcroft focuses on the history ... recognizing these questions, this dissertation starts withthe “bureaucratic polity” model because ofthe focus on the attributes ofthe institutional embeddedness of governing elites and the relative ... differentiate the governing elites between these two state actors in order to trace their distinct and interacting interests, and examine how state institutions structure the interactions between them....
... interviewed since weassured each of them ofthe anonymity of their interviews with us. From theseinterviews, we gained information on the perceptions of Sida staff and others workingclosely with Sida ... were beginning work on the impact of international assistance inthe area of humanitarian aid (McGinnis 1999c). The opportunity to work with one ofthe world’s leading development assistanceagencies—Sida—to ... strong sense of Swedish ownership ofthe Programme, both in uencing the pattern of support and the phase out problems The lack of Tanzanian ownership was reflected in the roleof Linköping University,...
... 3 indicates the number of patients car-rying the haplotype consisting ofthe -173 C and the -794CATT7 allele. Accordingly, these patients display the -173SNP C/C or G/C genotype in combination ... confirmed thesefindings. The relative risks for poor outcome ofthe twopolymorphisms and combination of both were 1.6, 1.84and 1.80. This effect size was in line withthe data pub-lished by ... donorsand patients with abdominal surgery but without signs of infection or inflammation. Secondly, an evaluation of the association ofthe MIF polymorphisms withthe survival of severe sepsis patients...