... results of surfaceadhesion force, showing the fixed cells have a greater adhesion force than unfixed cells h Comparison of adhesion force of control groups and testing groups, indicating the adhesion ... smooth and intact membrane surface structure Figure 1i presents a height profile generated along the broken line in Fig 1a, and measurement indicated the size of cell is 4.5 lm in diameter and 1.87 ... shown in Fig 2, including the changes of average roughness (Ra) and particle mean height of surface nanostructure, cell height, cell diameter and cell volume The results demonstrate that cell...
... most machined surfaces exhibit interrelated characteristics of both random and deterministic components Zhang and Kapoor [1991] demonstrated the effect of random vibrations on surfaceroughness in ... resistance The desired surfaceroughness value is usually specified for individual parts, and a particular process is selected in order to achieve the specified roughness Typically, surfaceroughness measurement ... three-dimensional shape of a milled surface under ideal and non-ideal conditions Kline et al [1982] demonstrated the effects of cutter runout on surface errors, andsurface errors or dimensional inaccuracies...
... definition of the surfaceroughnessand found the fracture permeability to be a function of surfaceroughness That definition of surfaceroughness is specific to their simulated fractures and did not ... visualization, and automated image processing technology was constructed to study three transparent analog fractures with distinct surface roughnesses: smooth, homogeneously rough, and randomly rough ... A( pi2 − po ) µ g Lpo (2.7) where subscripts w and g stand for water (or liquid) and gas, respectively; pi and po are the pressures at the inlet and the outlet of the fracture; q is the volumetric...
... the focal adhesion kinase/cSrc, and the small GTPases Ras and Rho) and adaptors (for example, Cas/Crk and paxillin) that assemble within dynamic adhesion structures, including focal adhesions ... αM, αX, αD, and αE Non-I-domain subunits are α3, α4, α5, α6, α7, α8, α9, αV, and αIIb In Idomain integrins, the I domains play a central role in ligand binding and intercellular adhesion Integrin ... in the ligand-binding pocket of the headpiece that increase its affinity for ligand The affinity directly regulates the nature of the ligand binding and appears to tune the degree and kinetics...
... the attraction between surfaces and the nature of the surface materials, adhesionand friction can vary For example, if the surface energy or surface tension of the sliding surfaces is high, the ... glycol, methanol and hexadecane in mJ/m2 147 xvii List of Tables Table 8.2 A summary of surface roughness, treatments andsurface energy of silicon nitride ball, UHMWPE film and Si surface PFPE refers ... energy and attractive force between surfaces 148 8.1.4 Chapter Friction tests 148 8.2 Surface energy androughness 150 8.2.2 The relationship between the initial shear stress and the surface...
... sections through the cell to observe surfaceand intracellular staining Figures 3a-d show the intracellular andsurface staining of PBMC in a healthy control and from a septic patient These images ... days 3, 7, and 14 for PCR studies and days 0, 1, and for measurement of soluble HLA-DR Blood (7.5 ml) was collected in preservative free heparin (final concentration of 100 iu/ml) and cells were ... cultured with GM-CSF at concentrations of 1ng/ml and 10ng/ml At time points 4, 6, and hours, cells were evaluated for surface expression of HLA-DR and HLA-DR mRNA production Control samples were...
... agricultural land use with farms, mainly cropping rice and fruits Some of the farms maintain small animal husbandries and fishponds Surface water, rain water and ground water are used for the drinking and ... which consists of middle to coarse sand Methods For the appraisal of the surface water and ground water resources water sampling and analyses regarding the chemical and microbiological conditions ... main problems of the surface water bodies are the high amount of suspended solids and hygienically pollutants Conclusions and Outlook Regarding the ground water and the surface water quality...
... Imagers Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 115 METHODS FOR MONITORING AND DIAGNOSING THE EFFICIENCY OF CATALYTIC CONVERTERS A Patent-orientedSurvey Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis Advisory ... and interest in this book, the directors Jean-Marie Schmitter and Hermann Nehrdich for their support, the director Roland Wohlrapp and my colleagues Simon Mansell, Alan Fordham, Peter Raven and ... effectiveness and to production in the meantime It must be borne in mind that the driving cycles of EC2005 and ULEV involved differ significantly (see [6] and [ ] For the 7) TLEV, LEV and ULEV standards...
... for (b) 90 with 100 kHz on interlayer, (c) 45 and (d) 180 with 350 kHz on surface (b) The RMS roughness (R) is noted This rough surface (~ nm RMS roughness) represent the polished substrates used ... doi:10.2495/SECM090021 14 Surface Effects and Contact Mechanics IX Introduction Carburizing and carbonitriding have become important and widely used processes for developing hard cases at the surface of steel ... www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3533 (on-line) Surface Effects and Contact Mechanics IX 15 evaluate the size and shape distortion, the microstructure and the surface residual stresses produced by different...
... one would observe surfaceroughness due not only to the atomic or molecular orbitals at the surface but also due to voids, steps, pores and other surface imperfections These surface imperfections ... (Seymour), 1931Powder surface area and porosity (Powder technology series) Rev ed of: Introduction to powder surface area 1979 Bibliography: p Includes index Powders Surfaces—Areas and volumes Porosity ... microporous surface area 9.3 Extensions of Polanyi's theory for micropore volume and area 9.4 The /-method 9.5 The MP method 9.6 Total micropore volume andsurface area 75 75 75 10 Theory of wetting and...
... Japan), and an optical microscope [OM] was used to observe the fracture surfaces of the screen-printed Ag nanopaste after the scratch test Results and discussion Figure 2a, b shows a TEM image and ... more strongly, and hence, the surface area between the Ag nanopaste and the Si substrate increased, resulting in the higher friction force In order to investigate the scratched surface of the ... a sintering temperature of 200°C, the surface of the sintered Ag nanopaste drastically changed from discrete and spherical Ag nanoparticles to continuous and consolidated ones Figure plots the...
... Japan), and an optical microscope [OM] was used to observe the fracture surfaces of the screen-printed Ag nanopaste after the scratch test Results and discussion Figure 2a, b shows a TEM image and ... more strongly, and hence, the surface area between the Ag nanopaste and the Si substrate increased, resulting in the higher friction force In order to investigate the scratched surface of the ... a sintering temperature of 200°C, the surface of the sintered Ag nanopaste drastically changed from discrete and spherical Ag nanoparticles to continuous and consolidated ones Figure plots the...
... Japan), and an optical microscope [OM] was used to observe the fracture surfaces of the screen-printed Ag nanopaste after the scratch test Results and discussion Figure 2a, b shows a TEM image and ... more strongly, and hence, the surface area between the Ag nanopaste and the Si substrate increased, resulting in the higher friction force In order to investigate the scratched surface of the ... a sintering temperature of 200°C, the surface of the sintered Ag nanopaste drastically changed from discrete and spherical Ag nanoparticles to continuous and consolidated ones Figure plots the...
... 50 nN; and Ac is contact area when the material in contact with indenter being loaded at Pmax Efilm and vfilm are elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio for thin films and, Ei (= 1,141 GPa) and vi ... lower surfaceroughnessand higher hardness while its l remain at lower levels and comparable to those of the rest two thin films Nanoscale Res Lett (2008) 3:186–193 191 Fig AFM images and crosssectional ... pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) system and, to investigate the surface morphological and mechanical behaviors of ZnO thin films by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nanoindentation/nanoscratch...
... ninhydrin reagent RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Our prelimenary study shows that the optimal pH and temperature of the protease produced by Aspergillus oryzae surface culture are 7.0 and 50oC respectively ... was 65.45% and the purified degree was 3.03 This purified protease was used for determination of Km, Vmax and applied in fish sauce processing 2.3 Determination of kinetic parameters Km and Vmax ... conditions for protease extraction from A oryzae surface culture were as follows: solvent – phosphate buffer (pH = 6.5), ratio of surface culture and solvent – 1/8 (w/w), temperature – 20oC, time...
... NCI-H441, and human fetal lung explants H441 cells resemble bronchiolar epithelial Clara cells in phenotype and produce both SP-A and SP-B mRNA and protein [14] The hormonal regulation of SP-A and ... LY294002, rapamycin and PD98059 were reconstituted in dimethyl sulphoxide as mM, 50 mM, 50 µM and 10 mM stock solutions, respectively, and stored at -80°C in aliquots Insulin causes a timeand dose-dependent ... vehicle or insulin (2.5 µg/ml) for an additional 1, 4, and 24 hours The cells were then rinsed and trypsinized, and nuclei from control and treated cells were harvested The transcription elongation...
... cytokines andadhesion molecules can predict survival Indeed, and in contrast to BALF values, serum levels of IL-1 andadhesion molecules exhibited a high positive predictive value, sensitivity and ... serumintercellular adhesion molecule-1; sVCAM = serum vascular adhesion molecule Table Median (range) bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum levels (pg/ml) of the measured cytokines andadhesion ... and VCAM-1 expression is induced mainly by IL1b and TNF-α However, the levels of TNF-α and IL-1 were not predictive for the development of the syndrome BALF soluble adhesion molecules sICAM and...
... 0.001) CXCR4 and CCR5 levels were reduced to 60% and 79% of those attained with Δ-Nef virus (p < 0.001 and p = 0.03, respectively) Direct comparisons between integrase-deficient and integrase ... CXCR4 and CCR5 Further, Vpu is not synthesized from unintegrated cDNA, and is therefore unlikely to affect cell surface CD4 levels An important consideration is that patterns of transcription and ... helpful comments and Drs Yuntao Wu and Jon Marsh for the kind provision of the Rev-CEM cell line We also thank Cesar Collazos and Susan Colby-Germinario of the McGill AIDS Centre and Christian Young...
... authors read and approved the manuscript Acknowledgements The authors thank Leandro Martins and Camila Valentin for their help in the recruitment of patients, and Maria da Luz Fernandes and Maria ... Neutrophil and monocyte ROS generation in septic patients (n = 41) and controls (n = 17) constitutively and after PMA, fMLP, LPS and S aureus stimulation Values are expressed in median and ranges ... constitutively and after PMA, fMLP, LPS and S aureus stimulation (p < 0.001 in all tested conditions) The median GMFI and range values in the patient group and control group at baseline and after...