pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables

... synthetic pesticide residues in our ranking and the higher NRC risk estimates is examined in Section 38.6 812 CHAPTER 38 Pesticide Residues in Food and Cancer Risk: A Critical Analysis Cooking and ... HERT values as candidates for carcinogenicity testing These include solanine and chaconine, the main alkaloids in potatoes, which are cholinesterase inhibitors that can be detected in the blood ... plant pesticide in coffee, d-limonene, is carcinogenic but the only tumors induced were in male rat kidney, by a mechanism involving accumulation of 2u -globulin and increased cell division in the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... pesticide residues in marine, estuarine, and freshwater organisms of India 5.8 OC pesticide and PCB residues in resident and migratory birds of India 5.9 OC pesticide and PCB residues in foodstuffs ... estuarine, and fresh waters of India 5.2 OC pesticide residues in plankton samples from Indian waters 5.3 Pesticide residues in marine, estuarine and freshwater sediments of India 5.4 OC pesticide ... monitoring for pesticide residues in markets of the Philippines 10.2 Monitoring of pesticide residues in vegetables (based on fresh weight) of Laguna Province, Philippines 10.3 Monitoring of pesticide...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... small landholders Ghana’s land use includes 12 percent in arable land, percent in permanent crops, 22 percent in permanent pastures and 35 percent in forests and woodlands with the remaining 24 ... Headpond is the dominant inland drainage system in Ghana Some other major rivers, including the Tano, Ankobra, Pra, and Densu, also drain into the sea through coastal lagoons and estuaries These ... Klaine, Fernando P Carvalho, Damia Barcelo and Jan Everaarts Table 2.2 Organochlorine pesticide residues in water, sediment, tomato, and human fluids in a vegetable farming community located in...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... river bays in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe Sci Total Environ 142(3): 221–6 Zaranyika, M.F and Makhubalo, J.M 1996 Organochlorine pesticide residues in inland waters in Zimbabwe In: Nhachi, F.B and Kasilo, ... Rainfall varies from below 300 mm annually in the low-lying areas in the south and southeast, to more than 1,500 mm in the mountains bordering Mozambique Rain falls from November to March, and ... This study found increased residue levels in one basin of the lake, generally in accordance with land use practice in the area drained by the major tributaries running into the basin The survey...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... maize and cotton while other OCs, e.g lindane, aldrin, and dieldrin, were used for seed dressings DDT was last imported into Kenya in 1985, aldrin and dieldrin in 1992 (PCPB) OCs still in use in ... pesticide use during the last four decades Lindane was introduced in Kenya in 1949, toxaphene in 1950, DDT in 1956, and dieldrin in 1961 (Kaine, 1976) Other compounds in use during the © 2003 Milton ... under the Training and Information category are advising relevant authorities on aspects of pesticide management, training government extension agents and other interested personnel on pesticide...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... consumption for granular and conventional products since 1972 and 1973 With the lifting of subsidies beginning in 1974 and ending in 1979, there was a sharp decline in the consumption of pesticides Subsequently ... percent in the Philippines, 49 percent in Indonesia, 15 percent in China, 14 percent in Vietnam, and 29 percent in India (Ramaswamy, 1995) Labor costs have likewise dropped in all countries practicing ... fish and other biota that may be affected by pesticide residues transported into both inland waterways and coastal waters through flooding, rainfall, and runoff Fish migrate to crop fields during...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... culture in pond and disused mining pools Cockle culture in mudflats Penaeid prawn culture in brackish water ponds Marine finfish in floating net cages in coastal water Freshwater finfish in floating ... Barcelo and Jan Everaarts Pesticide use in Malaysia 179 Rohani, I., Chan, S.M and Ismail, I 1992 Organochlorine pesticide and PCBs residues in some Malaysian shellfish In: Proc Nat Seminar on Pesticides ... of education and public awareness on the proper uses of pesticides needs to be continued, improved, and reinforced to minimize the indiscriminate and irresponsible use of pesticides and to reflect...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... commencing in 1987 An inspection system for post registration pesticide evaluation and monitoring was also developed, showing that pesticide management in China had begun to become regulated and standardized ... Department Standard Measure Bureau Industrial and Commercial Administration Bureau Consumer Sets national standards Set standards Examine and issue national standards Examine and issue special standards ... fenitrothion residues in rice flood water and in rice leaves and stems initially increased in soil, fish, and rice roots but decreased thereafter At harvest, fenitrothion residues remained in different...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... Post-planting soil and stem insects: insecticides Pre-emergence and Post-emergence herbicides soil and foliar insets: insecticides Blooming foliar and spike insects: insecticides diseases: fungicides Pesticide ... 1950s OC insecticides predominated during the 1960s and 1970s From 1977 to 1979, about 815 T of OCs including DDT, dieldrin, heptachlor, chlordane, aldrin, endrin, toxaphene, endosulfan, and lindane ... plantation drainage systems, into river systems, and eventually into estuarine and marine ecosystems Information on pesticide use in other business activities, e.g aquaculture and salt production, is...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... important indirect sources of pesticide contamination in the environment is from washing empty pesticide drums, washing plastic pesticide containers, and discarding the plastic bags in which some pesticides ... water beyond the MRLs while in crops, most pesticide residues are found in compliance with national and international standards In agricultural soils and in inland waters, pesticide dissipation is ... cleaning containers and adding the rinsing water to the spray mixture, thus saving money and protecting the environment Recently the Plant Protection Research Institute developed a simple and inexpensive...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... and 0.52; βendosulfan, 7.86 and 0.38; endosulfan sulphate, 0.0003 and 0; p,p´-DDT, 7.02 and 0.35; dieldrin, 1.88 and 0.001; aldrin, and 9.18; endrin, 0.26 and 0.006; lindane, and 0.51; HCB, and ... Klaine, Fernando P Carvalho, Damia Barcelo and Jan Everaarts Pesticides in Jamaica and the Commonwealth Caribbean 437 be disposed anywhere, including in rivers Empty pesticide containers and ... and Pesticides (IMPP) and outlined in Figure 15.4, be adopted, practiced, and promoted in developing countries, particularly in island ecosystems (Mansingh, 1993) IMPP in the Caribbean Recognizing...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... the proper uses of pesticides needs to be instituted where lacking and continued, improved, and reinforced where in place to minimize the indiscriminate and irresponsible use of pesticides While ... need for developing and implementing training programs for pesticide handlers and applicators and their families A major concern for the continued success and expansion of IPM in the tropics is ... blindly increase the concentration of the pesticide or its frequency of use, further inducing resistance by pests and polluting the environment A nationwide information dissemination and training...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... available in the dry season Hence, besides monitoring target pesticide residues in surface water in fields and irrigation canals, in chapter 5, selected pesticide residues in drinking water sourced ... also monitored In this chapter, drinking water sources and the situation of drinking water supply in the Delta is presented Water using practice for drinking and selected pesticide residues at each ... plants and animals, including human beings Humans may be exposed to pesticides directly by breathing in the chemicals while spraying or indirectly by drinking contaminated water or consuming foods...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2014, 14:31

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 18:20

... fresh fruit and vegetables is aimed at preventing or minimising the risk of hazards occurring during the production, harvesting and postharvest handling The hazards covered in VietGAP include ... traceability and recall, Internal audit and Complaint and resolve complaint of fresh fruit and vegetables on farm Guidelines for implementing VietGAP for Vietnamese fresh fruit, vegetables and tea ... assessment and selection, Planting material, Soil and substrates, Fertilisers and soil additives, Water, Chemicals, Harvesting and handling produce, Waste management and treatment, Workers and training,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... Preservation of fruit and vegetables 6.1 6.2 6.3 Preserving with salt Requirements for salting Preserving in vinegar Jam and juice making, syrups, jellies and candied fruit 51 Making fruit juices ... commonly used in developing countries for fruits and vegetables Fruits and vegetables provide an abundant and inexpensive source of energy, body-building nutrients, vitamins and minerals Their ... juice making and attention is paid to drying vegetables and fruit, as well as salting of vegetables Freezing is not discussed, since this technique needs facilities usually not available in many...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 00:20

... reason, the interval between peeling/cutting and preserving has to be as short as possible 16 Preservation of fruit and vegetables 3.6 Blanching Blanching or ‘pre-cooking’ is done by immersing fruits ... uniform pieces for the heating, drying and packing stages Fruits and vegetables are usually cut into cubes, thin slices, rings or shreds The cutting utensils have to be sharp and clean to prevent micro-organisms ... Blanching 18 Preservation of fruit and vegetables Preserving by heating 4.1 Introduction One of the most common and effective ways to preserve fruits and vegetables is to prepare them and place...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 00:20

... protected from rain If you are interested in this method of drying, you can write to Agromisa to obtain specifications for building and using drying boxes Drying 37 Heating with fuel In wet climates, ... Chapter must also be followed when drying food Washing and cutting Wash the fruits and vegetables thoroughly Remove sand, rotten spots and seeds Peeled and cut fruit dries quicker It is important ... product is softer and seems to contain more water Fruit may contain 12-14% water; vegetables should be dryer, containing 4-8% water depending on the type, since vegetables contain less sugar The...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 00:20

... light salting light brine heavy brine heavy salting light salting, heavy salting, light brine light brine light salting See peas heavy brine heavy salting heavy brine light salting heavy brine light ... repair and maintenance services For women involved in processing, the option of introducing organizational changes is often not very attractive For many women, the main reason for being involved in ... market; 62 Preservation of fruit and vegetables processing equipment has to be selected and installed and the investment has to be financed; operators have to be trained and the raw material supply...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 00:20

... Botanical insecticides • Organochlorine insecticides – Nicotine, Pyrithrins, Rotenone – Aldrin, Dieldrin, DDT, Endrin, Methoxychlor, Pentachlorophenol O O O HN O O O Rotenone S N O O 10 Aldicarb Principles ... Strychnine H • Coumarin rodenticides – Brodifacoum, Bromodialone, Warfarin • Pyrethroid insecticides – Fenvalerate, Permerthrin, Resmethrin N H • Inorganic rodenticides H N O O Strychnine – Zinc ... Environmental Toxicology Pesticides, • Antibiotic insecticides Pesticides, • Bacterium – Abamectin, Spinosad – Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) • Arsenical insecticides • Carbamate insecticides – Lead...

Ngày tải lên: 09/07/2014, 08:21