... stands for) and symbols they had drawn inthe beginning of the workshop and compared each one to the one they drew at the end of the three sessions It was a revealing and enlightening discovery ... Malaysian context and its interrelationship with contemporary changes and advances inthe political, economic and technological climate in Malaysia andinthe world in general For instance, the teachers ... before they were introduced to the suggested enrichment program framework andthe theoretical underpinnings of the approach The teachers were later introduced to a variety of in- class activities and...
... sitting in a chair behind her PC with both hands occupied, one clicking and moving a mouse, the other tapping the keys of the keyboard By using a keyboard and a mouse, the player controls the in- game ... component in building and maintaining both the US Army and Americas Army brand identities is the Goarmy.com website, and one of the main goals of the Americas Army project is to raise traffic to the ... the book concentrate less on the inside and more on the negotiations between the outside and inside of digital machinery, by respectively taking on the SCREEN andthe KEYBOARD as perceptual interfaces...
... hormone, were inserted into strains of Escherichia coli The bacteria then produced one or the other of the two insulin chains These were then separately isolated, combined and finally converted ... sectors of the economy are as research-intensive as the healthcare industry Any findings and methods discovered by universities and institutes working inthe life sciences usually find their way ... processing of the proteins (especially inthe case of mammalian cells) as well as the genetic instructions for synthesising the desired product The responsible gene is then placed under the control...
... before the addition of recombinant hsp25, as described in Materials and methods Following isolation and washing of the resin, protein was eluted and visualized by SDS/PAGE and Coomassie staining The ... of the actin filament system, playing a role inthe migration of endothelial cells andin recovery of cells from wounding [40] In a variety of cells, in addition to the induction of hsp25 and ... [48,49,52]); containing the eIF4E binding site and central domain of eIF4G (lane vs lane 1), less with the N-terminal domain of eIF4G (N-FAG; lane 3), and not to the C-terminal domain of eIF4G (C-FAG;...
... the length of the drift plate electrode, and Q is the gas flow velocity inthe drift tube So the residence time of the ion inthe drift tube is proportional to the length of the drift area, and ... FAIMS spectrogram of the ion inthe carrier gas flow Inthe FAIMS drift spectrogram, the longitudinal axis is the current signal intensity of the ion, andthe horizontal axis is the compensation ... Where α is the duty ratio of the square wave, α Amax is its direct current component, andthe other sine and cosine parts are the components of the alternating current The average value of the square...
... from the interference source inthe environment or the offset of the instruments We have found biased data always from 40 to 80 fA in many measurements Inthe following data treatment, the biased ... displacement in one cycle stays the same so the ion signal intensity is improved, the compensation voltage stays the same, andthe resolution is reduced -11 x 10 0.6L/min 0.8L/min 1L/min 1.2L/min 1.4L/min ... the both types of materials in plane {111} The strain effect is displayed weakly in YIG thereby indicating that it is promising for constructing stable SAW devices At the same time, the strain...
... drops to the level of the baseline when injection is finished The second component, a binding response, corresponds to an increase in mass resulting from binding of analyte molecules, including nonspecific ... angle of incidence Biomolecular interactions occurring at the sensor surface affect the solute concentration and thus the refractive index The SPR angle is therefore altered andthe resulting angle ... angles Binding of flowing molecules (analyte) to the immobilized molecules (ligand) results in a shift inthe reflected resonance angle Fig The geometry scheme of the measurement cell inthe BiaCore...
... the physical quantities of interest are the electromagnetic fields outside the material structures The “input” is the incoming field andthe “output” is the reflected andthe transmitted fields The ... molecule and target molecule Furthermore, the resonant wavelength can be tuned by adjusting the gap size andthe depth of the nanogroove The wide-range tuning of the sensing depth andthe resonant ... “getting something from nothing” is considered Therefore, the field inside the gold layer must be related to the zero reflected field rather than the incoming field, through a (S ) matrix Assuming the...
... specifically interact between avidin and biotin When the target is absent, the donor and acceptor are well separated and no FRET process is expected Inthe presence of the target, the donor and acceptor ... methamphetamine and morphine In addition, each strip also contains two control lines By analyzing the test strip for each colored phosphor, the drug molecules (amphetamine, methamphetamine, phencyclidine, ... categorized into two classes of up-conversion and downconversion Inthe down-converting process, the emitting radiation obeys Stokes’ law, in which the emitting radiation is of a lower energy and hence...
... in which the FRET process informs about the quantity of Zn(II) in cells at the moment this metal binds to Zinc finger peptides Since zinc finger peptides tightly and selectively bind zinc, with ... by increasing the surface area of the electrode and inducing electron transfer inthe chemical reaction Fig 10 SEM images showing stability of the diphenylalanine peptide nanotubes prepared in ... quenching upon intermolecular interactions between a fluorescent marker and ferric ions present inthe azotobactin secreted by the nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii The resulting...
... on the layers Surface terminations were prepared inthe same way as inthe case of NCD films The thickness of the protein layer was determined using the nanoshaving method, in which a part of the ... by insulating oxygen-terminated areas andthe active area is determined by the hole inthe insulating layer A chip contains several such areas, as is demonstrated inthe optical image of the ... a stabilizing protein inthe focal adhesion (Fernandez et al., 1992) Increased expression of vinculin on the nano-cones promotes the cell adhesion and reduces the cell motility On the nano-rods,...
... change inthe local refractive index and therefore the permittivity (ε) either by way of bulk index change or, as for instance inthe case of biosensor, by the binding of an analyte to the surface ... monitored Another possibility is to use a thin polymer layer This princibles is based on the swelling or shrinking of the polymer layer and thereby to changes inthe film optical properties and thickness ... releasing the product and free enzyme The free enzyme is then available for another round of binding to a new reactant Traditionally, the reactant molecule that binds to the enzyme is termed the...
... nanogap From the calculation results inthe previous section andthe simulation results in this section, we can find an interesting aspect of the fluidics inthe nanogap The length of the nanogap ... introduce defects on the walls of nanotubes These defects will lower the strength of the reinforcing component Therefore, there will be a trade-off between the strength of the interface andthe ... corresponding water meniscus positions As shown by the dotted boxes in Fig 9, the pressure inside the nanogap increases gradually as the meniscus advances to the bottom of the nanogap Inthe process...
... Lee for their contributions to the work discussed here andthe financial supports from the National Science Foundation, the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Georgia, andthe Institute ... element for a biosensor In using the avidin-biotin couple, one species, often avidin, has to be immobilized onto the active surface of the biosensor, andthe other is usually tethered to a target ... nanopillar structure The MUA is then activated (i.e., turning the COOH groups into reactive N-hydroxysuccinimice esters) by immersing the structure in PBS containing 30 mM 1-3-Dimethyl-amino-propyl-3-ethyl-carbodiimide...
... typically limits the sampling rate of the system By oversampling the input and then averaging the output, we can predict the input signal The signal transfer function, STF(Z), and noise transfer ... where the first term is pH-dependent andthe constant terms inthe parentheses are pHindependent Like the standard MOSFET, for a long-channel EGFET operating in a saturation region, the drain current ... 2008) Therefore the output bits of the ADC are a rough, low frequency representation of the analog input VIN If the signal bandwidth is sufficiently smaller than the sampling frequency then the...
... produce the regular nanocubes of PB, but we futher investigated whether the incorporation of other compounds during the production process might further increase the sensitivity The inclusion of other ... been investigated These interactions result in changes inthe resonance elastic light scattering (RELS) and fluorescence quenching that can be utilized in designing assays for the biomarker The ... HR-TEM imaging The results of molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical calculations support the mechanism of the formation of GSH- and Hcys-linkages inthe interparticle interactions and show...
... inthe description of energy harvesting andthe kind of sources available inthe environment in order to recover energy, more explicit (or getting into more detail) inthe one obtained from the ... harvesting the energy dissipated in bending the ball of the foot, placing a multilaminar PVDF bimorph under the insole The second one consists on harvesting the foot strike energy by the curved, ... at the perimeter of the growing domains of the incoming ligand To control the SAM composition Detection of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Using Novel Nanostructured Biosensors 353 inthe fast ligand-exchange...
... amplifier is the instrumentation that has the role to control this bias and read the current of the cell 2.4.2 The potentiostat amplifier The main electronics involved inthe design of the instrumentation ... represented by: the powering module, the communications module, the biosensors, the bioelectronics andthe micro fluidics These key elements have been introduced regarding the state-of -the- art andthe trends ... depicted in Fig 11 The voltage difference is fixed between the (W) and (R) electrodes andthe current is injected by the (C) electrode andthe potential is well defined at the cell (Vcell) The potentiostat...
... co-wrote the first draft, and completed the re-writing and editing J Liu also supervised the entire study, coordinated with the other investigators andin liaison with (e.g Dr Luo at) the Materials ... properties aiding in Au-NP size selection (Bashir & Liu, 2009) in aqueous-based devices Au-NPs increase the specificity of sensor by binding of the sensing element to the sol-gel and increasing electron ... for preparing CNT-based hydrogel or sol-gel consists of the dispersion of CNTs in solvents, the mixing of the CNT suspensions with the hydrogel or the sol-gel and finally the casting of the resultant...