molecular mechanisms and role in pathogenesis

... signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), the serine ⁄ threonine protein kinases belonging to the family of mitogenactivated protein kinases in cardiac myocytes [9] ERKs play an important role in the downstream ... negative [8] and positive [7] control of cell cycling in human Schwann cells Receptor tyrosine kinases play a central role in transducing the external signals across cell membranes into the intracellular ... of F indicus during different molting stages showed a single dominant band of Gas7 only in the early postmolt (A) and late postmolt (B) stages (Fig 1A) The immunoreactive band of Gas7 had a molecular...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 14:20

... acid-binding adhesin The sialic acid-binding adhesin is a 70 kDa protein that belongs to the large Hop family of H pylori outer membrane protein, including BabA sabA is found to be present in most ... which causes increased expression of genes coding for a range of pro-inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor α (Schreck et al., 1991) The increased ... and KATO III) displayed an increase in H2O2 generation, activated NF-κB and IL-8 production However, preincubating these cells with NAC (an antioxidant), ST638 (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 09:55

... organisms against diverse pathogens Finally, their signaling role was disclosed at the beginning of 1990, initially in coordination of response to oxidative stress, and further involved in hormone ... enormous interest and intensive research in this field that prompted us to develop this book idea In addition to interest in basic science, there is also a growing interest in medicine, agriculture and ... samples and involvement of oxidative stress in diseases and aging is covered by S Argỹelles and colleagues The complicated way of our understanding of hydrogen roles in biological systems from inert...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 16:20

... kinetic folding intermediates of apomyoglobin J Mol Biol 355, 139–156 Jamin M & Baldwin RL (1996) Refolding and unfolding kinetics of the equilibrium folding intermediate of apomyoglobin Nat Struct ... hypoxia, both in vitro and in vivo [13–16] Interestingly, it was shown that Ngb is expressed in astrocytes [17] and that its expression in regions involved in neurodegenerative disorders declines with ... binding in human neuroglobin and cytoglobin: molecular mechanisms and physiological significance J Biol Chem 279, 44417–44426 11 Burmester T & Hankeln T (2004) Neuroglobin: a respiratory protein...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 02:20

... Mountfort and Colin G Orpin 13 Fungal Genetics: Principles and Practice, edited by Cees J Bos 14 Fungal Pathogenesis: Principles and Clinical Applications, edited by Richard A Calderone and Ronald ... trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe Library of Congress Cataloging -in- Publication Data The Fungal community : its organization and role in the ... level? The in uence of scale and heterogeneity in the ecosystem is a confounding factor in our attempts to understand ecology and community functioning However, these factors are inherent in ecosystems,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 01:20

... organisms against diverse pathogens Finally, their signaling role was disclosed at the beginning of 1990, initially in coordination of response to oxidative stress, and further involved in hormone ... enormous interest and intensive research in this field that prompted us to develop this book idea In addition to interest in basic science, there is also a growing interest in medicine, agriculture and ... samples and involvement of oxidative stress in diseases and aging is covered by S Argỹelles and colleagues The complicated way of our understanding of hydrogen roles in biological systems from inert...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 11:20

... flowering and sex-determination is very scarce, yet essential to accelerate breeding and aid our understanding of flowering control in kiwifruit and woody perennial species in general Molecular and ... testing of these models [reviewed in 58] and further broad comparative studies, including normal and aberrant flowers in a range of species, will aid understanding of the mechanisms underlying ... resulting in an entry clone All entry clones were verified using sequence analysis before cloning in the yeast two-hybrid GAL4 binding domain vector pDEST32 (bait) and GAL4 activating domain vector...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... Jugovic; and my cousins Erin Dunivan and Kristin and Scott Petherick Your love and support throughout my life and education has been and continues to be incredible My brother Robbie Collins for ... challenging me and supporting me in ways only a sibling could I am grateful that you are both my brother and my friend My parents Bob and Mary Ann Collins for always loving me, supporting me and inspiring ... carboxylesterases include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, salicylates, haloperidol, cocaine, heroin, and the chemotherapeutics irinotecan and capecitabine (Satoh and Hosokawa, 1998)...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 12:18

... contaminants in surface waters and the inadequacy of current knowledge of virus fate in aquatic environments, a study was conducted to assess virus inactivation kinetics and mechanisms Here, the kinetics ... to virus inactivation The virus inactivation coefficients towards sunlight, salinity and NOM were determined quantitatively and can be applied in further kinetics or modeling studies In this study, ... contaminants during activities such as boating, water skiing, fishing, swimming and diving With enough contact time and pathogen concentration, the exposure might lead to gastroenteritis in the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 08:14

... mixed spinel and layered structures inside, (e) and (f) Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) to sub areas in (d) with indexes shown in (h) and (i), (g) FFT to (d) with two-phase index shown in (j) Zone ... ordering and electronic interaction between Mn and Ni ions [60] 15 Chapter Such ordering arrangement makes the cation mixing significantly reduced from – 10 % in LiNi1/2 Mn1/2O2 to – % in LiNi1/3Co1/3 ... diffraction pattern corresponding to Panel A C Index to electron diffraction rings in Panel B which revealing two kinds of LLNCM phases, i.e layered triclinic structure and spinel cubic structure D...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:28

... process involving leukocytes during inflammation[6] 1.1.3 Cell-matrix adhesion Cell matrix adhesion is mediated by a group of heterodimeric proteins called integrins Integrins contain an α chain and ... FAK and Fyn/Shc pathways represent two main signaling pathways activated by integrins Apart from these main signaling pathways, integrins can also initiate several other signaling pathways leading ... continuously subjected to mechanical strain with each heart beat, epithelial cells lining the alveoli in the lungs are stretched during inspiration, and epithelial cells lining the gastrointestinal...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:04

... containing multiple ankyrin repeat motif domains and a single KH domain similar to the MASK gene found in Drosophila Drosophila MASK (dMASK) has been implicated in cell survival and may play a role ... Oncogenes and Related Genes Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China Smith RK, Carroll PM, Allard JD & Simon MA (2000) MASK, a large ankyrin repeat and KH domain-containing protein involved in Drosophila ... ankyrin repeat proteins, using the consensus established by Kohl et al [10] and Mosavi et al [11], which contains ankyrin repeats from over 4000 proteins, indicated that the ankyrin repeat domains...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... binding subsite Substrate binding induces conformational changes involving the ArgA145PheA146 fragment of the protein chain, acting as a flap, first opening and then closing the groove [45] The catalytic ... penicillin acylase [19] and AM1 docking calculations The three N atoms of the side chain d-guanidino group of this residue are involved in H-bonding as follows: Ne with the O atom of the main chain ... pyridyl moiety in N-(5-nitro-2-pyridyl)-phenylacetamide (NIPPA) might lead to alternative interactions within the active site, resulting in different orientation and binding Molecular modelling The...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 16:20

... min, and allowed to cool to room temperature The remaining DNA template and singlestranded RNA in solution were digested with DNaseI and RNaseA at 37 °C for h The proteins, free nucleotides and ... GIH cDNA and its role in Vg expression 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 GIH/actin Vg/actin GIH/actin Buffer Vg/actin GIH dsRNA Fig In uence of GIH-dsRNA on Pem-GIH and Vg expression in previtellogenic ... Whether Pem-GIH is involved in reproduction in male P monodon needs further investigation In summary, this study identified and characterized Pem-GIH cDNA of P monodon in both molecular and biological...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 07:20

... 7H11 plates containing either kanamycin (Km) or hygromycin (Hyg) Mice were killed or 21 days postinfection, and the mutant and wild-type loads in lungs and spleens were determined on the basis ... for each strain in a final volume of 500 lL The actual CFUs of each strain in both inocula were determined by plating serial dilutions on 7H11 plates containing either Km or Hyg before infection ... the spleen and lungs by homogenizing tissues in mL of NaCl ⁄ Pi containing 0.05% Tween-80, and the number of viable bacteria in the organs of infected mice were determined by plating serial dilutions...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 09:20

... cell cycle proteins including G1 cyclins (Cln1 and Cln2), Cdk inhibitors The Budding and Fission Yeasts 11 (Sic1, Far1, and Rum1), and replication proteins (Cdc6 and Cdc18; reviewed in ref 55) SCF ... posttranslational mechanisms including phosphorylation, inhibition by cyclin-kinase inhibitors, destruction of cyclins, and destruction of the inhibitors at the appropriate time in the cell cycle These mechanisms ... the checkpoint sliding clamp, comprising Rad17, Ddc1, and Mec3 in S cerevisiae (Rad1, Rad9, and Hus1 in S pombe) (136–138) Both the checkpoint loading complex and the checkpoint sliding clamp...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 12:50

... the role of HIF-1 in chondrocytic energy generation, matrix synthesis and cell survival During hypoxic and normoxic conditions, functional inactivation of HIF-1α in the presence of interleukin-1β ... Yudoh and colleagues adds further experimental evidence for the suggested role of HIF-1 in protecting chondrocytes from cell death induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines Finally, Yudoh and colleagues ... resulted in a significantly increased number of apoptotic chondrocytes These in vitro data are in accordance with the in vivo observations described by Schipani and colleagues [15] Loss of HIF-1α in...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... containing components that structurally mimic the purine ring of adenosine and become inserted into the ATP-binding site of FLT3 [69] Among these compounds, SU11248 (sunitinib), MLN518 (tandutinib), ... tyrosine kinase domain point mutations that interfere with drug binding is a well-documented phenomenon in CML patients receiving therapy with imatinib [89] Preclinical studies using AML cell lines ... S, Kelly LM, Gilliland DG, Hiddemann W: The protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor SU5614 inhibits FLT3 and induces growth arrest and apoptosis in AML-derived cell lines expressing a constitutively...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 21:23

... C-terminal motif in the APETALA3 gene lineage BMC Evol Biol 2006, 6:30 64 Yang Y, Jack T: Defining subdomains of the K domain important for protein-protein interactions of plant MADS proteins Plant ... seasons and were not present in all crosses Thus, the molecular characterization of the SDI locus is a key step toward understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying seedlessness In Arabidopsis and ... Arabidopsis and is expressed in mature carpels, developing seeds and pre- and post vộraison fruits; this expression suggests a possible role for this gene in ovule, seed and berry development in grapevine...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21

... the amino-terminal a protein-protein interaction mediating caspase-recruitment domain (CARD) is localized (one CARD domain in NOD1, two in NOD2) Recruitment of the kinase-activity containing adaptor ... human NLR family, currently consisting of 22 proteins, contains NALP (NACHT-, LRR-, and pyrin domaincontaining proteins), NOD (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain), CIITA (class II transactivator), ... activation, further recruitment of RIP1 and TRAF6 stimulates NF-κB IL-1R domain-containing adaptor protein; Mal), TRIF (Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor inducing IFNβ) and TRAM (Fig 3) Thus, whereas...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:20