interaction of electrons with electromagnetic field

... value of the amplitude of the states of O FI ¼ 0, with respect to the initial state jC I i at t ¼ 0, increases with increasing t, while the amplitudes of the states of O FI 6¼ 0 oscillate without substantial ... Inc. opticalwaveutilizingthestimulatedemissioninamediumwherepopulation inversionisproducedbyexcitation.Thestateofthemediumwith populationinversioniscalledthelaser-activestate.Insemiconductor injectionlasers,populationinversionisrealizedthroughinjectionof minoritycarrierswithahighenergyinthevicinityofap–njunctionby supplyingaforwardcurrent.Althoughinthischapterthepossibilityof enhancementofopticalpowerbystimulatedphotonemissionwasshown basedonconsiderationofthestatesofanelectronandtheenergy eigenstatesoftheopticalfield,thisdiscussiondoesnotensurethepossibility ofenhancementofopticalamplitudeincludingthephase,i.e.,thecoherent amplificationofanopticalwave.Thepossibilityofcoherentamplification willbediscussedonthebasisofananalysisusingthedensitymatrixin Chap.3.Spontaneousemissionalsotakesplaceinparalleltothelaser action.Itaffectssignificantlythelaserperformances;e.g.,itgivesrisetothe laseroscillationthresholdandthequantumnoiseintheoutputlight. REFERENCES 1.W.Heitler,TheQuantumTheoryofRadiation,OxfordUniversityPress, Oxford(1954). 2.A.Yariv,QuantumElectronics,JohnWiley,NewYork(1967). 3.L.I.Schiff,QuantumMechanics,McGraw-Hill,NewYork(1968). 4.Y.Fujii,OpticalandQuantumElectronics(inJapanese),Kyoritsu,Tokyo(1978). 5.M.SargentIII,M.O.Scully,andW.E.Lamb,Jr,LaserPhysics,Addison- Wesley,Reading,MA(1974). 6.D.Marcuse,PrinciplesofQuantumElectronics,AcademicPress,NewYork (1980). 7.K.Shimoda,IntroductiontoLaserPhysics(inJapanese),Iwanami,Tokyo (1983). 8.P.MeystreandM.SargentIII,ElementsofQuantumOptics,Springer, Berlin(1991). 9.T.Suhara,QuantumElectronics(inJapanese),Ohmsha,Tokyo(1993). 36Chapter2 Copyright ... concerning the interaction between electrons and photons in a form that is convenient for theoretical analysis of semiconductor lasers [1–9]. First, quantization of electromagnetic fields of optical...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 20:15

... spectra of a recombinant decorin purified in the absence of chaotropic agents, with the exception of the wavelength of the minimum (215–216 instead of 218 nm) and very different to the spectrum of ... 2002 Interaction of decorin with collagen peptides (Eur. J. Biochem. 269) 1431 with respect to the unmodified ones is not related to the percentage of Lys/Hyl side chains that did not react with ... these data demonstrate the essential role of the positive charge of collagen Lys/Hyl residues for interaction with decorin. DISCUSSION The binding of decorin with fibrillar collagens has been extensively...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 15:20

... for the interaction of frog annexin A1 and annexin A2 with dicalcin. Consistently, we observed that the 35 kDa forms of annexin A1 and annexin A2 found in the fraction of the binding proteins of dicalcin (Fig. ... presence of dicalcin and all of the annexins (E) was compared with the calcu- lated sum of each of the initial rates obtained in (B)–(D) (thick dot- ted lines). T. Uebi et al. Role of dicalcin ... 4869 Comprehensive interaction of dicalcin with annexins in frog olfactory and respiratory cilia Tatsuya Uebi 1 , Naofumi Miwa 1,2, * and Satoru Kawamura 1,2 1 Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 23:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:21

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 21:21

... is a consequence of exertion of the mechanical sub-system on the electromagnetic sub- system. IV. M ATHEMATICAL M ODEL OF T HE VCS Description of one type of two-mass electromagnetic vibratory ... half- wave with f d =50Hz. It has been simply realized with comparator tolerance band i.e. hysteresis (“bang-bang”) controller. Reference current was compared with actual current with the tolerance ... case of thyristor converter, with phase control, LCE displacement has “smooth” sine characteristic, although EVA current is pulsating. Also, change of vibratory width is due to change of phase...

Ngày tải lên: 03/01/2014, 19:16

... Integral Quantization Of Self-Interacting Scalar Field With Higher Derivatives 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author would like to thank Prof. Nguyen Suan Han for his suggestions of the problem and many ... (1996). 8. A.A. Slavnov, Theor. Math. Phys. 13, (1972) 1064. Path Integral Quantization Of Self-Interacting Scalar Field With Higher Derivatives 3 Since we have introduced a source for ˙ φ, it is also ... integral formulation for scalar field with higher derivatives and also considered th e system in φ 3 self -interaction. The new ideal is that time derivatives of field functions are considered as...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 04:20

... into the interaction of human arginase II with substrate and manganese ions by site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic studies Alteration of substrate specificity by replacement of Asn149 with Asp Vasthi ... spite of the rel- atively low agmatinase activity of the Asn149Asp vari- ant, it is clear that the interactions of arginase II with l-arginine and agmatine are greatly altered by replace- ment of ... blue staining of purified enzymes. Metal-free species of purified enzymes were obtained by incubation for 1 h at 25 °C with 25 mm EDTA and 3 m V. Lo ´ pez et al. Interaction of arginase II with substrate...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 02:21

... intensity of the band of unhydrolyzed actin was plotted against the time of incubation. Characterization of actin preparation quality Fluorescence parameters were used for estimation of nativity of ... aggregation of partially folded actin. To obtain more detailed information on the interaction of HSP25 with partially unfolded actin, we analyzed the effect of different quantities of HSP25 on ... parameter A of actin was close to 2.4. Increase of the time of heating at 43 °C leading to decrease of parameter A up to 2.2–2.3 was accompanied by further decrease of the initial rate of polymerization....

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 23:20

... basal levels of resonance units (GlnK free surface) within seconds. To test the effects of various molecules on the interaction of TnrA with GlnK, 40 nm GlnK (trimer) Fig. 1. Coimmunoprecipitation of TnrA, ... equilibrated with 10 column volumes (10 · 0.2 mL) of buffer B, with subsequent washing four times with five volumes of the same buffer. Proteins were eluted with buffer E (buffer B supplemented with 250 ... (SPR) of the GlnK–TnrA interaction As a next step, the interaction of TnrA with GlnK was investigated in vitro by BIAcore SPR detection. For this analysis, a Strep-tag II-tagged variant of GlnK (GlnK-ST)...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 00:21

... Recognit. 16, 91–101. Ó FEBS 2004 Interaction of human TCR with superantigen SSA (Eur. J. Biochem. 271) 4083 Cloning, expression and interaction of human T-cell receptors with the bacterial superantigen ... Vb5.2 and V b1withK d of 9–11 l M with a fast k ass and a moderately fast k diss . In spite of the reported stimu- lation of V b2.1 bearing T-cells by SSA, we o bserved no measurable interaction. Keywords: ... Consequently, the molecular studies of the interaction of SAgs with their s pecifics ligands will not only advance understanding of the physiological mechanisms of these molecules, but may lead to...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 16:20

... report on the interaction of an N-terminal (E2(7–26)) and an internal (E2(279–298)) synthetic peptide sequence of the E2 structural pro- tein of HGV ⁄ GBV-C with phospholipid membranes of different ... short hydrophobic segments of viral envelope glyco- proteins with a very low content of hydrophilic amino acids, the presence of acidic residues in the fusion pep- tides of some low-pH-activated ... strongly interacted with PtdCho ⁄ PtdSer (65 ⁄ 35) vesicles, as the blue shift of Trp was 11 nm. To study the contribution of electrostatic inter- actions to the binding of both peptides with negatively charged...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 17:20

... study, we measured the interaction of stefin B with various combinations of phospholipid monolayers and bilayers. Interaction of stefin B in the prefibrillar aggregated state with model lipid membranes ... channel hypothesis of AD and neurodegeneration in general, is not incompatible with other key elements of toxicity, as, for example, the deregulation of Ca 2+ homeostasis and generation of reactive ... membranes, initiating a cascade of detrimental events for the cell. Interaction of granular aggregates and globular oligo- mers of an amyloidogenic protein, human stefin B, with model lipid mem- branes...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 17:20

... predicted protein is composed of 306 amino acids, with a calculated molecular mass of 34.3 kDa and a pI of 5.72. Similar searches with the deduced amino-acid sequence of f ull-length Calliphora AFP, ... according to the following scheme: 3 · 10 min with 4 · NaCl/Cit; 2 · 10minwith2· NaCl/Cit; 1 0 min with 0.1 · NaCl/Cit; 10 min with 0.05 · NaCl/Cit; 5 min with NaCl/Tris. After incubation for 30 m ... encoded a protein with 93% identity in the deduced amino-acid sequence with the A FP of S. peregrina (GenBank accession number BAA99282). Because of the high sequence identity with the Sarcophaga...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 22:20

... ) * k on;1 k off;1 AB ð2Þ AB þ B ) * k on;2 k off;2 AB 2 ð3Þ where d½B=dt ¼À2k on;1 ½A½Bþk off;1 ½ABÀk on;2 ½AB[B] þ 2k off;2 ½AB 2 ð4Þ d½AB=dt ¼ 2k on;1 ½A½BÀk off;1 ½AB À k on;2 ½AB[B] þ 2k off;2 ½AB 2 ð5Þ d½AB 2 =dt ... that mutation of Ca 2+ ligating amino acids in the N-terminal part of the first EGF-like domain of factor X influences the amidolytic activity of the intact protein [36]. However, direct interactions ... vicinity of the membrane. We found that the isolated factor X Gla domain exhibits low affinity binding to PtdSer-containing membranes with a K d of 4.6 l M . This agrees well with the value of 2.4...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... behavior of trehalase depending on the nature of the activation stress (Fig. 5B). This shift might argue against the participation of a unique set of interactions involving association of Ntp1p ... identification of strains C3 and C69, with one copy of Ntp1p–Ha6H expressed from the genomic ntp1 + promoter, was verified by Southern blot analysis and immunoblot of whole-cell extracts with anti- Ha ... the regulation of Ntp1p activity under stress relies on the existence of some kind of interaction between Ntp1p and Tps1p, or other elements, that may be lost under the conditions of the in vitro...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... sequence similarity with MPs of other genera, but showed 32% identity with the MP of South- ern bean mosaic virus within the Sobemovirus genus. With a view to understanding the mechanism of cell-to-cell ... similarity with MPs of viruses from other gen- era. Within sobemoviruses, the sequence of the SeMV MP was closest to that of the SBMV-Ark MP (32% sequence identity), and the identity with MPs of other sobemoviruses ... in Fig. 8A,B). These results show that the interaction of A B Fig. 7. Mapping of the SeMV MP domain responsible for interaction of MP with NV. (A) Purification of GST–MP deletion mutants. GST–MP deletion...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 13:20